The invention relates to a test method of reactance parameters of a surface permanent magnet synchronous motor, and the test method comprises the following steps: 1) test devices are selected and the preparation is carried out, 2) the test process is carried out, 3) test data is analyzed, 4) the calculation is carried out according to the following Ld and Lq; the steps for selecting the test devices are as follows, a variable frequency meter, a current meter and a voltage meter are selected; the steps of the test process are as follows, when in test, a rotor is slowly moved, the maximum and the minimum of the current which is extracted by the current meter are observed, the voltage value of a power supply is recorded simultaneously; the steps for analyzing the test data are as follows, the main test data which is the resistance and the reactance value of the motor is calculated by a reactance parameter expression; the Ld and Lq calculation steps are as follows, the direct-axis synchronous reactance Ld and the quadrature-axis synchronous reactance Lq are measured for the permanent magnet synchronous motor with the sine wave power supply. Compared with the methods of the prior art, the method can more conveniently measure the reactance parameters of the surface permanent magnet synchronous motor by the simple test devices, thereby having certain economic benefit.