15164results about "Oscillations generators" patented technology

A dual-band antenna matching system and a method for dual-band impedance matching are provided. The method comprises: accepting a frequency-dependent impedance from an antenna; and, selectively supplying a conjugate impedance match for the antenna at either a first and a second communication band, or a third and a fourth communication band. More specifically, the method comprises: tuning a first tuning circuit to a first frequency; and, simultaneously tuning a second tuning circuit to a second frequency. In response, a conjugate match is supplied to the antenna in the first communication band in response to the first frequency. Simultaneously, the antenna is matched in the second communication band in response to the second frequency. When the first tuning circuit is tuned to a third frequency, and the second tuning circuit is tuned to a fourth frequency, then conjugate matches are supplied for the third and fourth communication bands, responsive to the third and fourth frequencies, respectively.

Local oscillator circuitry for an antenna array is disclosed. The circuitry includes an array of rotary traveling wave oscillators which are arranged in a pattern over an area and coupled so as to make them coherent. This provides for a set of phase synchronous local oscillators distributed over a large area. The array also includes a plurality of phase shifters each of which is connected to one of the rotary oscillators to provide a phase shifted local oscillator for the array. The phase shifter optionally includes a cycle counter that is configured to count cycles of the rotary oscillator to which it is connected and control circuitry that is then operative to provide a shifted rotary oscillator output based on the count from the cycle counter. A system and method for operating a true-time delay phased array antenna system. The system includes a plurality of antenna element circuits for driving or receiving an rf signal from the elements of the array. Each element circuit has a transmit and a receive path and a local multiphase oscillator, such as a rotary traveling wave oscillator. Each path has an analog delay line for providing a true-time delay for the antenna element. Preferably, the analog delay line is a charge coupled device whose control nodes are connected to phases of the local multiphase oscillator to implement a delay that is an integer number local multiphase oscillator periods. A fractional delay is also included in the path by using a sample and hold circuit connected to a particular phase of the oscillator. By delaying each antenna element by a true time delay, broadband operation of the array is possible.

A filter network having the capability of establishing multiple, tunable notch frequencies. A notch filter path is established for each notch frequency and includes a bandpass filter and inverter. An input RF signal covering a wide frequency range is applied to all the notch filter paths. Each notch filter path produces an output spectrum that is equal in magnitude and 180.degree. out of phase with respect to an undesired frequency spectrum. A combiner circuit combines the outputs of each notch filter path in parallel with the RF input signal to produce an RF output signal with all desired spectra unchanged and all undesired spectra attenuated.

A voltage controlled oscillator having low phase noise and including: a variable resonator including a varactor and a control voltage terminal; and an open-end stub connected in parallel to the variable resonator, the open-end stub having a length shorter than or equal to an odd multiple of one quarter of a wavelength of a harmonic signal plus one sixteenth of the wavelength of the harmonic signal, and longer than or equal to an odd multiple of one quarter of the wavelength of the harmonic signal minus one sixteenth of the wavelength of the harmonic signal. In this structure, a high Q value is realized for a fundamental wave frequency. Fluctuation in a control voltage due to a harmonic signal is controlled.

A self DC-bias high frequency logic gate is disclosed. The logic gate comprises at least one input terminal and one output terminal for performing Boolean operation on the high frequency input signals. The logic gate is characterized in that each transistor is coupled to an impedance matching network. The impedance matching network comprises a first terminal and a second terminal. Wherein, the first terminal is coupled to a gate of the transistor, and the second terminal is coupled to a drain of the transistor for providing an operation voltage to the transistor. When a gate of an N-type transistor and a gate of a P-type transistor are coupled with each other, and a drain of the N-type transistor and a drain of the P-type transistor are also coupled with each other, a common impedance matching network is shared with both the N-type transistor and the P-type transistor.

The invention relates to millimetric packaged electronic components for applications at high frequencies greater than 45 GHz. According to the invention, to facilitate the design of a system including MMIC chips working at these frequencies, it is proposed to use packages containing one or more chips, these packages making it possible to work at these frequencies and including two types of port: a port with transition by contactless electromagnetic coupling providing a connection with an antenna at the high working frequency F via a waveguide; and a port with microstrip or coaxial line type transition enabling a connection at a subharmonic frequency F / N (preferably N=6 or 4 or, if necessary, 3) of the working frequency.

Disclosed is a system and method for providing an oscillating signal of relatively precise frequency without using a signal provided by a crystal as a reference. Disclosed is a feedback oscillator circuit configured to output an oscillating signal having a frequency defined by a reference signal. The oscillating signal can be sent to one or more circuits including at least one frequency sensitive element. The frequency sensitive element produces an output signal which depends on the frequency of the oscillating signal. A controller controls the reference signal in order to cause an attribute of the output signal to have a value within a desired range.

The disclosure relates to an electronic circuit including at least one first and one second differential pair each including a plurality of transistors. All the transistors of said first and second differential pair are included in a single well.

Synchronization of oscillators based on anharmonic nanoelectromechanical resonators. Experimental implimentation allows for unprecedented observation and control of parameters governing the dynamics of synchronization. Close quantitative agreement is found between experimental data and theory describing reactively coupled Duffing resonators with fully saturated feedback gain. In the synchonized state, a significant reduction in the phase noise of the oscillators is demonstrated, which is key for applications such as sensors and clocks. Oscillator networks constructed from nanomechanical resonators form an important laboratory to commercialize and study synchronization—given their high-quality factors, small footprint, and ease of co-integration with modern electronic signal processing technologies. Networks can be made including one-, two-, and three-dimensional networks. Triangular and square lattices can be made.

An oscillator includes a first crystal resonator, a second crystal resonator, a first amplifier circuit for oscillation, a second amplifier circuit for oscillation, a mixer circuit, a frequency selection circuit, and a first frequency conversion circuit. Assuming that resonance frequencies of the first and the second crystal resonators at a reference temperature are respectively F1 and F2, and temperature coefficients expressed as a rate of change corresponding to temperatures of the resonance frequencies of the first and the second crystal resonators are respectively A1 and A2, the relationship of F2 / F1≠|A1 / A2| is satisfied. A signal with a temperature compensated frequency is obtained from the frequency selection circuit.

A high-frequency oscillation element has a ferromagnetic material which exhibits thermal fluctuation of magnetization and generates spin fluctuations in conduction electrons, a nonmagnetic conductive material which is laminated on the first magnetic material and transfers the conduction electrons, a magnetic material which is laminated on the nonmagnetic conductive material, generates magnetic resonance upon injection of the conduction electrons, and imparts magnetic dipole interaction to magnetization of a neighboring magnetic area by means of magnetic vibration stemming from the magnetic resonance, a first electrode electrically coupled with the first magnetic material, and a second electrode electrically coupled with the second magnetic material.

A cellular wireless packet data communication system containing transmit-only endpoint devices which transmit to receive-only base stations. The system is configured to allow for large area coverage (e.g., a metropolitan area) with far fewer number base stations than are required with conventional two-way cellular systems. The base station coverage areas are configured to overlap, allowing for reception of packets at multiple base stations. A data concentrator resolves redundantly received messages. The network is configurable as a WAN, a LAN, or a combination of the two. Novel modulation techniques (e.g., a 16QAM submodulation together with a 7FSK modulation) are used such that low cost components can be used in the transmitters and receivers while achieving outstanding probability of success performance. The endpoint devices are battery operated and accordingly, are designed for low power consumption and multi-year battery life. The system is used in a variety of applications including remote monitoring and mobile communications.

An arbitrary waveform generator (AWG) for producing an analog output current signal includes a random access memory (RAM), a programmable logic device (PLD), a programmable pattern generator, several digital-to analog converters (DACS) and a current multiplexer. The RAM store data sequences representing the analog waveform to be generated. The pattern generator read addresses the RAM causing it to sequentially read out its stored data sequence to the PLD. The PLD routes selected fields of each data sequence word to one or more of the DACs in response to timing signals provided by the pattern generator. Each DAC produces an output current of magnitude determined by its input waveform and range data. The pattern generator also signals the analog multiplexer to sum currents produced by one or more selected DACs to produce the AWG output waveform. The nature of the AWG output waveform is flexibly determined by the nature of the data sequence and the frequency at which it is read out of the RAM, the manner in which the PLD routes the data sequence to the DACs, the value of the range data supplied to each DAC, and the output pattern generated by the pattern generator. The flexible AWG architecture permits the AWG to be appropriately configured for various combinations of output waveform frequency, bandwidth and resolution requirements.

A passive harmonic switch mixer is shown that is immune to self mixing of the local oscillator greatly reducing leakage noise, pulling noise, and flicker noise when used in a direct conversion receiver or direct conversion transmitter circuit. The passive harmonic switch mixermixes an input signal received on an input port with an in-phase oscillator signal and a quadrature-phase oscillator signal and outputs an output signal on an output port. Because the quadrature-phase oscillator signal is the in-phase oscillator signal phase shifted by 90 °, the passive harmonic switch mixer operates with a local oscillator running at half the frequency of the carrier frequency of an RF signal. Additionally, because the passive harmonic switch mixer has no active components, the DC current passing through each switch device is reduced and the associated flicker noise of the mixer is also greatly reduced.

A clock including: a portable, at least partially evacuated housing; a cell being positioned within the housing and including an internal cavity having interior dimensions each less than about 1 millimeter, an intra-cavity pressure of at least about 760 Torr, and containing a metal atomic vapor; an electrical to optical energy converter being positioned within the housing to emit light through the metal atomic vapor; an optical energy intensity detector being positioned within the housing to receive the light emitted by the converter through the metal atomic vapor; at least one conductive winding around the cavity to stabilize the magnetic field experienced in the cavity dependently upon the detector; and, an output to provide a signal from the housing dependently upon the detector detecting the light emitted by the converter through the metal atomic vapor.

An integrated transmit / receive (T / R) switch device comprises a substrate, an antenna port to couple with an antenna, a transmitter port to couple with a transmitter, and a receiver port to couple with a receiver. A receive path is provided between the antenna port and the receiver port, and a transmit path is provided between the antenna port and the transmitter port. The transmit path includes a first transistor on the substrate, and the first transistor is coupled in series between the antenna port and the transmitter port. A body node of the first transistor is unconnected, and the substrate is configured to provide a high impedance path from the first transistor to a reference voltage. A second transistor on the substrate is coupled in series between the receiver port and the reference voltage.

A system and method is provided for full-duplex antenna impedance matching. The method comprises: effectively resonating a first antenna at a frequency selectable first channel in a first frequency band; generating a first antenna impedance at the first channel frequency; effectively resonating a second antenna at a frequency selectable second channel in the first frequency band; generating a second antenna impedance at the second channel frequency; supplying a first conjugate impedance match at the first channel frequency; and, supplying a second conjugate impedance match at the second channel frequency. For example, the first antenna may be used for transmission, while the second antenna is used for received communications. The antennas effectively resonant in response to: supplying frequency selectable conjugate impedance matches to the antennas; generating frequency selectable antenna impedances; and / or selecting the frequency of antenna resonance.

A miniature resonating marker assembly that includes, in one embodiment, a ferromagnetic core, a wire coil disposed around the core, and a capacitor connected to the wire coil adjacent to the magnetic core. The core, coil, and capacitor form a signal element that, when energized, generates a magnetic field at a selected resonant frequency. The magnetic field has a magnetic center point positioned along at least one axis of the signal element. An inert encapsulation member encapsulates the signal element therein and defines a geometric shape of the resonating marker assembly. The geometric shape has a geometric center point substantially coincident with the magnetic center point along at least a first axis of the signal element. The shape and configuration of the assembly also provides for a miniature signal element specifically tuned to resonate at a selected frequency with a high quality factor.

An oxide semiconductor layer which is intrinsic or substantially intrinsic and includes a crystalline region in a surface portion of the oxide semiconductor layer is used for the transistors. An intrinsic or substantially intrinsic semiconductor from which an impurity which is to be an electron donor (donor) is removed from an oxide semiconductor and which has a larger energy gap than a silicon semiconductor is used. Electrical characteristics of the transistors can be controlled by controlling the potential of a pair of conductive films which are provided on opposite sides from each other with respect to the oxide semiconductor layer, each with an insulating film arranged therebetween, so that the position of a channel formed in the oxide semiconductor layer is determined.