The invention relates to a system for recovering vehicle braking energy in urban rail transit, which comprises a first direct-current high-speed switch, a charging circuit unit, a super capacitor array, a discharging circuit unit, a variable pressure stabilizing unit, a second direct-current high-speed switch, a DC / AC converter, an alternating-current high-speed switch and an ACU auxiliary control unit; when the vehicle brakes, the system determines the storage energy in the supercapacitor array through the ACU auxiliary control unit and switch with a major loop in real time. Compared with the prior art, the system effectively utilizes energy and reuses the recovered energy in air conditioning or lighting, etc. inside the carriage; the system solves the network voltage fluctuation problem of the prior vehicle regenerative braking energy recovery, and forms an energy recovery closed-cycle control system of the vehicle itself as the main body; in addition, the system cannot impact the network voltage, but only absorb the energy of the self motor train unit; as the supercapacitor used by the system has small size, the management and control of the power source is easier, and the installation mode is more flexible.