237results about How to "Promote exudation" patented technology

A fiber-microsphere composite scaffold including a first layer of material selected from one of a layer of bioresorbable microspheres and a layer of bioresorbable fibers; and a second layer of material selected from the other of the layer of bioresorbable microspheres and the layer of bioresorbable fibers. A fiber-microsphere composite scaffold reduced pressure tissue treatment apparatus is also included as well as methods for making fiber-microsphere composite scaffolds.

The invention relates to a narrow flow induction coupling chemical vapor deposition (CVD) densification method for rapidly preparing a carbon / carbon composite material crucible. The method comprises the steps of: adopting a chemical vapor deposition technology, under the synergistic effect of narrow slit airflow and inductive coupling, leading mixed gas of small-molecule hydrocarbon and N2 gas to a high-temperature reaction chamber, adsorbing the small-molecule hydrocarbon at the surface of an inner hole of a carbon fiber crucible precast body or a low-density carbon / carbon composite material crucible billet body, and releasing pyrolytic carbon at a high temperature, depositing the pyrolytic carbon at the surface of a hot carbon fiber, continuously improving the density of the billet body, and rapidly obtaining the compact carbon / carbon composite material crucible. By adopting the method disclosed by the invention, the crusting phenomenon of the surface is effectively restrained under the synergistic effect of narrow slit airflow and inductive coupling measures; high deposition temperature and reaction gas furnace pressure are permitted; inner and outer balanced densification is more rapidly carried out; the quality is improved; the cycle is shortened; and the cost is also reduced.

The invention relates to a method for extracting and purifying the betulin from birch bark. The invention comprises the following procedures, cutting the birch bark into the bark particles, heating, refluxing and extracting by aqueous ethanol solution, filtering, vacuum concentration of the filtrate, cooling, collecting and drying the separated crude betulin. The method of the invention can obtain the betulin with the purity of more than 90 percent, and has the advantages of simple process, lower cost and being suitable for the industrial production.

The invention discloses a liquid permeability clad sheet, a manufacturing device of the liquid permeability clad sheet and a manufacturing method of the liquid permeability clad sheet. The liquid permeability clad sheet comprises a first layer sheet and a second layer sheet, the liquid permeability clad sheet is provided with strip-shaped grooves, and cone-shape and three-dimensional openings are formed between the strip-shaped grooves in a horizontal mode. The first layer sheet is bonded with the second layer sheet through the strip-shaped grooves, the cone-shape and three-dimensional openings are provided with flowers hanging on heads, and the flowers hanging on the heads extend towards the lower portion of the second layer sheet. The manufacturing device comprises a punching needle roller, a cooperating roller and a composite punching roller, and heaters are arranged on both the punching needle roller and the composite punching roller. The manufacturing method is adopted by the manufacturing device and carries out the following steps: heating the composite punching roller through the heater, conveying the second layer sheet between the punching needle roller and the cooperating roller to be punched, and conveying the second layer sheet and the first layer sheet between the composite punching roller and the cooperating roller to be punched to composite. By the adoption of the clad sheet, liquid is convenient to seep downwards, the sticky and wet feeling of the skin is reduced, the structure of the manufacturing device is concise in structure and convenient to use, production efficiency of the manufacturing method is good, manufacturing cost is low and effect is good.

The invention relates to a method for extracting essential oil of taxus media. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, preprocessing raw materials: removing impurity from tender leaves and / or branches of fresh taxus media and crushing the tender leaves and / or branches to obtain pieces or powder of the raw materials; 2, performing steam distillation: uniformly mixing the pieces or powder of the raw materials and common salt, and placing the mixture in a distiller for steam distillation; and 3, separating oil from water: performing high-speed centrifugal separation or standing separation on the collected oil-water mixture to obtain the essential oil of the taxus media. The method of the invention has the advantages of simple process, less equipment, low cost, no pollution, and special suitability for medium- and small-size enterprises.

The invention relates to a processing aid of polyolefine resin for food flexible packing, a preparation method and application thereof, and a modified polyolefine material used in the food flexible packing and adopting the processing aid. The processing aid consists of nano silicon dioxide and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and is prepared through adopting a coprecipitation method. The processing aid can reduce the melt viscosity of polyolefine and obviously improve the processing performance of the polyolefine; and meanwhile, the processing aid increases the polarity of the polyolefine while improving the composite performance and printing performance of the polyolefine.

The invention discloses a method for synchronously separating and preparing salidroside and rosavin from rhodiola rosea, comprising the following steps: (1) taking the rhodiola rosea as a raw material, and extracting by using analcohol aqueous solution containing a deep-eutectic solvent, wherein the deep-eutectic solvent has the effects of emulsifying, wetting, being assistant in dissolving and the like, and is beneficial for the extraction of the salidroside and the rosavin; (2) preparing a salidrosidecrude extracting solution and a rosavin crude extracting solution respectively from the extract by combining a mixed macroporous resinexpanded bed technology and a gradient elution technology; (3) preparing a salidrosideextract and a rosavin extract from the salidrosidecrude extracting solution and the rosavin crude extracting solution respectively by using the mixed macroporous resinexpanded bed technology again. Through HPLC content testing, the content of the salidroside in the salidroside extract is 40 percent to 80 percent, and the recovery is 60 percent to 88 percent; the content of the rosavin in the rosavinextract is 30 percent to 70 percent, and the recovery is 65 percent to 85 percent.

The invention discloses a vacuum microwave enzyme deactivating method, wherein the deactivation of enzyme is carried out on spread tea in a microwave heating manner under the condition of vacuum. Under the condition of vacuum, the microwave power is controlled for carrying out enzyme deactivating, the boiling point of water is reduced, and the evaporation rate of water vapor is increased, so that the enzyme deactivating time of tea is further shortened; and the enzyme deactivating temperature is reduced, so that the method is beneficial to reservation of nutrition substances such as amino acids, vitamin C, chlorophyll, aromatic matters and the like, and the quality of the tea subjected to enzyme deactivating is improved. According to the vacuum microwave enzyme deactivating method, the problems of inconsistent uniformity of enzyme deactivation, red peduncles and red leaves, burned edge, fire point, damage on the nutrition substances, more draining amount and reduction of the tea quality in the existing processes of tea withering, tea drying and tea steaming, high boiling point of water and slow evaporation rate of water in the tea is slow during the process of microwave enzyme deactivation under normal pressure, and serious damage on amino acids, vitamin C, chlorophyll and aromatic matters in the tea because of high water-removing temperature, and the like can be solved. The vacuum microwave water-removing method is simple and easy, and the water-removing tea quality is good.

The invention relates to a movable back type multifunctional massager, belonging to the field of massage and health care appliances. The movable back type multifunctional massager comprises a back massager, an abdomen massager and a manually-controlled touch controller. The back massager comprises four vibratory massage motors, four perceived music massagers, two infrared heaters, two phototherapy luminescent plates, a battery and a controller. The abdomen massager comprises two perceived music massagers, an infrared heater, and a visible light phototherapy luminescent plate. The back massager is used for promoting blood circulation, relieving pains, and achieving the purpose of treating back pains. The abdomen massager is used for treating constipation, and abdominal and gastrointestinal diseases.

The invention discloses a reinforcement and desalination method for a crisp powder ceramic painted cultural relic. The method includes: fully wetting the surface of a crisp powder ceramic painted cultural relic by methanol, then conducting pre-reinforcement by a reinforcing agent, then taking the mixture of acrylic acid strong water absorbent resin and styrene ion exchange resin as a desalting agent to perform desalination treatment on the pre-reinforced ceramic painted cultural relic, at the same time adding distilled water in the desalination process, utilizing the expansion pressure generated by re-water absorption expansion of the desalting agent to fix the position of a ceramic painted layer so as to make the painted layer tightly pressed to a ceramic tire, thus preventing bubbles and displacement of the painted layer, reducing artificial cladding operation, and improving the safety coefficient in the desalination process. The method provided by the invention has a simple operation process, the desalination process has no influence on the pre-reinforcement effect, and the desalination efficiency is high.

The invention provides a local anti-inflammatory external medicinal composition using a glycerol DMSO mixed solvent, which comprises alum, a medicament with anti-inflammatory effective dose, and a mixed solvent which is used for dissolving the alum and the medicament and consists of dimethyl sulfoxide and glycerol in a volume ratio of 1:0.5-5. The external medicinal composition is a new dimethyl sulfoxide and glycerol external anti-inflammatory medicament, is used for treating various refractory and inflammatory mucocutaneous diseases, has the local anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting inflammatory, and promotes injuries such as local blister, erosion, effusion, herpes and chronic ulcers to quickly heal.

The invention provides a filter device for high-concentration herb residues and / or fruit residues. The device comprises a feeding component, a filter screen cartridge (2), a connecting shaft (6), a liquid receiving component (3), a power component (4), a transmission component (5) and a stand column (8). Under the rotation of the filter screen cartridge (2), herb residues and / or fruit residues, which are extracted by a solvent, are gathered into clusters in the screen cartridge and roll along with the rotation of the screen cartridge; herb residue clusters and / or fruit residue clusters form cracks in the rolling process and then are clustered again. The filter device has an effect of promoting the seepage of liquid in the herb residues and / or fruit residues, therefore an extracting solution or original juice are fully removed, and the solid-liquid separation effect is realized. The filter device is suitable for the berry or fruit kind of fruit residue treatment and is also suitable for filtering the extracted residues of other plants such as maca, kelp, abelmoschus esculentus, abelmoschus manihot, cistanche and cynomorium songaricum.

The invention provides a method for producing bayberry polyphenol capsules by sectional dielectric heating combined extraction, and belongs to the technical field of the processing of fruit and vegetable food. The method comprises the steps of: under radio frequency of 50MHz, low frequency microwave of 915MHz and high frequency microwave of 2,450MHz, preparing the bayberry polyphenol capsules by using raw juice or fresh fruits of bayberries through sectional leaching, centrifugation, concentration, freeze-drying, grinding, capsule filling, packaging and storage. The method has the advantages that: firstly, by the radio frequency treatment with good penetrability, the internal leaching is made more effective; secondly, by the re-treatment of the low frequency microwave, a crude extract internally leached is accelerated to seep; and finally, by the treatment of the high frequency microwave, the crude extract leached to the surface is accelerated to seep, and thus the whole quick combined leaching is completed. By the combination of three extraction methods, the advantages of the three extraction methods are mutually complemented; polyphenol substances in the juice or the fresh fruits of the bayberries are combinedly extracted, which further improves the extraction ratio; and the extraction ratio of the sectional dielectric heating combined auxiliary leaching is as high as 23.17 percent.

The invention relates to the technical field of in-situ restoration and dewatering for pollution of river-lake bottom mud and particularly relates to an in-situ restoration system and method for the river-lake bottom mud polluted by heavy metals. The system comprises a steel-plate mold frame with a square-shaped structure, wherein the lower part of the steel-plate mold frame is inserted and driveninto the river-lake bottom mud; a volatile organic pollutant gas collecting bag is arranged at the upper part of the steel-plate mold frame and is connected to a volatile organic pollutant gas disposal system by a gas suctioning pipeline; the four corners of the steel-plate mold frame are respectively provided with a non-volatile organic pollutant disposal device I, a heavy-metal and volatile organic pollutant disposal device, a non-volatile organic pollutant disposal device II and a non-volatile organic pollutant disposal device III; the steel-plate mold frame is also provided with an electric restoration system and a sewage discharging system. The in-situ restoration system and method have the beneficial effects that electric restoration and dewatering technologies are applied in disposal of the river-lake bottom mud simultaneously, the economic-practical effects and the environment-friendly effect are achieved, the effect is better, the method is simple in operation, and no secondary pollution is generated.

The invention discloses an extraction method of cinnamon oil. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, mixing and tempering powdered cinnamon and a water solution of a sodium salt to obtain tempered powdered cinnamon; secondly, freezing the tempered powdered cinnamon obtained in the previous step, and quickly unfreezing the powdered cinnamon to obtain the unfrozen powdered cinnamon; and finally, mixing the unfrozen powdered cinnamon with a gaseous solvent, carrying out pressurized liquid extraction and separating to obtain the cinnamon oil. According to the method for extracting the cinnamon oil from cinnamon at a low temperature, the water solution of the sodium salt is added to temper the powdered cinnamon; slow freezing and quick unfreezing processes are adopted; the gaseous solvent which is easy to liquefy through pressurization is adopted; the gaseous solvent can be liquefied to be separated from an extract without heating; the gaseous solvent does not contact air in the extraction process; the extract is not easy to oxidize; and a heat-sensitive component is not damaged. The extraction method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of low extraction temperature, short time, high yield, simplicity in technology and mild reaction conditions, and is free of a solvent residue basically; and industrialization is easy to achieve.

The invention belongs to the field of medicinal materials and provides a pH-sensitive phospholipid medicinal material. A structural formula of the material is as show in the specification, wherein R1 is -CnH(2n+1) or -CnH2n, n ranges from 11 to 17; R2 is shown in the specification, wherein a is equal to 0, 1, 2, b is equal to 0, 1, 2. A preparation method for the pH-sensitive phospholipid medicinal material comprises the following steps: (1), carrying out amidation reaction on phosphatidyl ethanolamine and lysine with a protective group; (2), modifying phospholipid by virtue of the lysine with the protective group to remove the protective group for reaction; and (3), carrying out amidation reaction on lysine-modified phospholipid and acid anhydride. The medicinal material has good pH sensitivity and charge reversal capacity; and a medicine-carrying lipidosome prepared by use of the medicinal material can be gathered in a targeted manner in a tumor tissue, so that toxic and side effect of medicines on a normal tissue can be reduced.

The invention relates to a cross-linked mitochondrial targeting doxorubicin liposome. The cross-linked mitochondrial targeting doxorubicin liposome is composed of doxorubicin hydrochloride, phospholipid, cholesterol and a cross-linkable mitochondrial targeting pegylated phospholipid medicinal material, a mass ratio of doxorubicin hydrochloride to the phospholipid is 1:(5-20), a molar ratio of the phospholipid to cholesterol to the cross-linkable mitochondrial targeting pegylated phospholipid medicinal material is (50-90):(2-47):(3-8), the structural formula of the cross-linkable mitochondrial targeting pegylated phospholipid medicinal material is shown in the specification, and n in the structural formula is 10, 12, 14 or 16. The invention also provides a preparation method of the liposome. The cross-linked mitochondrial targeting doxorubicin liposome has the advantages of mitochondrial targeting, large absorbed quantity of tumor cells, and high safety.

The invention relates to a lawn matrix cake stamping lathe which is used for machining ecological lawn matrix cakes. The lawn matrix cake stamping lathe comprises a base, an upper swage die, a lower swage die, a driving mechanism and a control device, wherein the upper swage die and the lower swage die are arranged on the base in a matched mode, the driving mechanism is arranged on one side of the base, and the control device is electrically connected with the driving mechanism. The lower swage die is matched with the upper swage die and driven by the driving mechanism, the lower swage die is fixedly arranged at the top of the base in a matched mode and comprises a base part, a die plate and a pulling plate, the base part is arranged at the top of the base, and a matrix cake discharging opening and at least one inserting hole are formed in one end face of the base part. Sliding ways are formed in a set of opposite inner lateral walls of the base part, and the positions of the sliding ways are matched with the position of the inserting hole. The die plate is embedded in the base part in a matched mode, and die holes matched with the matrix cakes in shape are formed in the middle of the die plate. The pulling plate is inserted in the inserting hole in a matched and penetrated mode along the sliding way, and seepage holes are evenly formed in the pulling plate. The lawn matrix cake stamping lathe is simple and reasonable in structural design, easy and convenient to operate, high in matrix cake making efficiency, good in matrix cake making effect, capable of effectively guaranteeing firmness of the structures of the matrix cakes and suitable for popularization and application.

The invention provides a preparation method for a shine skin papaya juice beverage. The unpleasant tastes, such as, sour, astringent and bitter, of the shine skin papaya juice can be overcome through the key physicochemical processes of color-protecting, de-astringent, enzymolysis, and the like. In the whole process, any flavor raw materials, such as, juice and tea, are not added; the unique flavor of the papaya juice is extremely reflected; and the prepared shine skin papaya juice beverage is unique in formula and flavor.

The invention discloses a fence device for building construction. The fence device for building construction comprises a frame body and a water storage tank. Baffle plates are welded on the inner side of the frame body, flowerpots are arranged on the side walls of the baffle plates, a spraying pipe is arranged above the baffle plates, and evenly-distributed atomizing spraying heads are arranged at the bottom of the spraying pipe. A rain gathering cover is arranged above the water storage tank and communicates with the water storage tank through a flow guide pipe, and a water pump is mounted at the bottom of one side of the water storage tank and communicates with the spraying pipe through a water hose. According to the fence device for building construction, by arranging the flowerpots, which can be used for planting certain plants flowers, on the side walls of the baffle plates, not only can air around construction be purified and the air quality be improved, but also the environment around the construction can be greened; by arranging the spraying pipe above the baffle plates, water mist sprayed by the spraying pipe can remove dust in the construction site effectively, and the plant flowers in the flowerpots can be spray-irrigated.

The invention discloses a method for quickly pickling salted duck eggs with a spicy lentinus edodes compound flavor. The method provided by invention comprises the following steps: firstly treating duck eggs with acetic acid solution to remove an outer film on the surface of duck egg shell to reduce the immersion resistance to the salt so that the duck eggs are easier to pickle; adopting partial potassium chloride to replace sodium chloride to prepare pickling solution, so as to reduce the penetration of sodium ions and keep the taste of the salted duck eggs intact; and drying wasted lentinus edodes pedicels, grinding the wasted lentinus edodes pedicels into powder, preparing the lentinus edodes powder and spices like chilies and star anise to into spicy lentinus edodes compound pickling materials, mixing the spicy lentinus edodes compound pickling materials with diatomaceous earth and white spirit to prepare a pickling substrate, and wrapping the first-time pickled duck eggs in the pickling substrate and pickling the duck eggs in an airtight space. Due to the addition of the white spirit, alcohol can destroy biological membrane structures, open membrane pore passages and increase the permeability of the duck egg shell to improve the penetration rate of salt, the chilies and the lentinus edodes so that the duck eggs can have diversified tastes and aromas; and the precipitation and accumulation of the protein of egg yolks occur so that dispersed extremely tiny oil drops gather together to promote the generation of egg yolk oil.

The invention relates to a method for processing tea. The method is characterized in that: the baking and fragrance improvement are performed by using smokeless charcoal. During baking, the charcoal is burnt red and is in a smokeless state, the temperature of a tea baking place is kept 60 to 70 DEG C, and the baking time is 15 to 20 minutes. The method has the advantages that: the smokeless charcoal after being burnt red can keep the room temperature stable and does not produce smoke, makes the tea free from smoke smell, can ensure that an aroma substance of the tea is quickly seeped from tea surfaces and is solidified on the surfaces so as to reduce the volatilization of the aroma substance, and simultaneously ensures that the tea has the fragrance of the charcoal at the same time.

The invention relates to a novel probiotic dendrobium enzyme and production technology thereof and belongs to the technical field of biological medicine. The technology comprises the following nine major steps, namely collecting dendrobium leaves and removing impurities, grinding the dendrobium leaves, carrying out first fermentation, selecting jerusalem artichoke powder, making matrix for second fermentation, acclimatizing and preparing strains for second fermentation, grafting probiotic mother strains of fermentation and performing a second fermentation process, performing a blend process and adding probiotics, carrying out filling and performing packaging. Pharmacological functions of the waste dendrobium leaves, repair functions of the compound probiotics to the micro-ecological environment of the digestive tract and promotion functions of the probiotics to the probiotic floras in the digestive tract are fully utilized in the production technology, so that physiological functions of human body are systematically adjusted by synergetic effects of the three aspects. The probiotic dendrobium enzyme of the invention is capable of promoting micro-ecological environment balance of the digestive tract, obviously improving digestive functions, adjusting organism metabolism and adjusting immunologic function; moreover, the probiotic dendrobium enzyme also has the health-care functions of improving exercise tolerance, accelerating tiredness allaying and protecting the liver.

A thermoplastic polyester resin composition which is improved in processing stability and resistance to hydrolysis and bleed by the addition of an epoxy compound having a lactone chain and which is improved in stability in melt molding and processing and is suppressed in generation of gas or odor and bleeding of stabilizers or the epoxy compound from a molded article allowed to stand at high temperature by virtue of its low volatile content.

The invention belongs to the technical field of manufacturing and repairing of benchwork machinery, and provides a device for detecting the coaxiality of a main shaft hole and a large oil seal hole of a diesel engine block. The provided device for detecting the coaxiality of the main shaft hole and the large oil seal hole of the diesel engine block comprises a mandrel (4) and a lever type measuring mechanism, wherein the mandrel (4) is a step shaft with two steps; mandrel outer rings (1) are sleeved on the two steps on the mandrel; the lever type measuring mechanism arranged at the other end of the mandrel (4) comprises a bracket (10), a cross beam (7), a centre (13) and a dial indicator (8); the cross beam (7) is arranged in parallel to the mandrel (4) and is hinged with the bracket (10); the centre (13) is fixed at one end of the cross beam (7); and the dial indicator (8) is fixed at one end of a bracket cross arm, and an indicator rod of the dial indicator is connected to the other end of the cross beam (7). The device achieves the purpose of the requirement on the coaxiality of the main shaft hole and the large oil seal hole of an engine when a diesel engine of a locomotive is assembled.

The invention discloses a water seepage pipe, a revegetation area water-saving irrigation system and a construction method thereof and solves the problem that existing water seepage pipes waste water resources and are poor in irrigation effect. The water seepage pipe comprises a pipe body provided with multiple water seepage holes in the pipe wall and a water seepage filler arranged inside the pipe body. Through the water seepage filler arranged inside the pipe body, irrigation water entering the water seepage pipe slowly seeps out, water resources are saved, and absorption by vegetation is facilitated; the irrigation water entering the water seepage pipe is given convenience to diffuse around and enabled to seep out from the water seepage holes in the pipe body, so that irrigation effect is good.

The invention discloses a method for extracting phytoncide and essential oil from cypress. The method particularly includes steps of (1) raw material selection procedure; (2) drying procedure: dryingthe raw material in step (1) until the water content is less than 10%: (3) smashing procedure: making the raw material become 10-30 meshes of granular powder, and filling in the middle part of the distilling tank; (4) low-pressure steam procedure: generating steam at 75-85 DEG C in the steam generator, starting an oil pump after 30-50 seconds to vacuumize and generate 40-60kpa negative pressure; (5) distilling procedure: finally, changing the negative pressure to normal air pressure; (6) filtering procedure; (7) decoloring and decocking procedures; (8) oil water separating procedure. The method is the improvement of a traditional wet distillation and depressurized distillation method, and is particularly suitable for the essential oil extraction taking perennial cypress stems as the raw materials; the method can avoid massive pyrolysis, hydrolysis and cocking phenomenon in the production process.

The heat clearing tropic ageratum capsule is prepared with tropic ageratum, forsythia, railway beggarticks and longpeduncle kadsura root. The preparation process of the heat clearing tropic ageratum capsule includes the steps of cleaning the medicine material and crushing tropic ageratum into powder; decocting and extracting volatile oil with the rest of the tropic ageratum, and forsythia, railway beggarticks and longpeduncle kadsura root; filtering the decoction and concentrating into extractum; mixing the extractum with tropic ageratum powder, pelletizing, drying, spraying the volatile oil and capsulizing. The heat clearing tropic ageratum capsule has the functions of clearing away heat and toxic material, regulating vital energy, stopping pain, removing blood stasis and dissipating mass, and may be used in treating chronic pelvic inflammation, tonsillitis, pharyngitis and other diseases.

The invention discloses a method for enzymolysis treatment of oil crop seeds. The method comprises the following steps that 1, oil crop seeds are contained in a closed container and subjected to the humidification and pressurization conditions for 10-15 min, then, pressure is decreased to 1500-2000 Pa, the pressure is maintained for 10-20 min, then, the pressure is increased to 1.6-2.5*10<5>pa, and the pressure is maintained for 20-30 min; 2, the oil crop seeds are smashed, and water is added into the smashed oil crop seeds; 3, firstly, oil crop seed granules are baked, and then subjected to microwave processing; 4, the temperature of the oil crop seed granules is decreased to be 20 DEG C to below, then, cellulase and compound protease are added into the oil crop seed granules, enzymolysis is performed under the temperature of 40-45 DEG C for 5-8 h, and finally the enzymolyzed oil crop seed granules are subjected to low-temperature vacuum drying to obtain oil crop seeds for cold pressing method extraction.

The present invention provides a friction transmission belt having a friction transmission surface having a rubber composition containing a plasticizer, the plasticizer forming a film on the friction transmission surface, a change in friction coefficient (mu) with respect to a change in slipping velocity (V) indicated by a difference between a pulley speed and a belt speed (dmu / dv) being 0 or a positive value in a dry state and a wet state.