1621 results about "Penetration rate" patented technology

Polycrystalline diamond cutter (PDC) designs which substantially improve the penetration rate of fixed cutter drill bits while simultaneously reducing the wear on the bit during drilling operations are disclosed. The designs are based upon the observation that: 1) the wear pattern of a PDC is roughly a conic section and is parallel to bit rotation, and 2) the cutting surface is perpendicular to the rotation of the bit. The inventive PDC designs provide cutting action both perpendicular and parallel to the direction of bit rotation.

A method for drilling, running casing in, and / or cementing a borehole in a subterranean formation without significant loss of drilling fluid is disclosed, as well as compositions for use in such method. The method employs a drilling fluid comprising a fragile gel or having fragile gel behavior and providing superior oil mud rheology and overall performance. The fluid is especially advantageous for use in deep water wells because the fluid exhibits minimal difference between downhole equivalent circulating density and surface density notwithstanding differences in drilling or penetration rates. When an ester and isomerized olefin blend is used for the base of the fluid, the fluid makes an environmentally acceptable and regulatory compliant invert emulsion drilling fluid. The fluid preferably contains no organophilic clays.

The invention relates to an experimental device and method for pulse hydrofracture transforming of a shale gas storing layer. The experimental device comprises a high pressure water pump, a fracturing fluid pond, a filtering device, a waterpower pulse generating device, a triaxial stress loading device, a pressure sensor, a sound emission device, a throttle valve, an overflow valve, a data collection recording system and a core test specimen. The device provided by the invention can simulate the operating environment of a shale sample under main operating parameter such as different pulse pressures and impulse frequencies on a certain confining pressure condition; moreover, the device can monitor a space-time developing rule of cracks and can test permeability change before and after fracture in real time; therefore, an experimental platform is provided for researching pulse hydrofracture of a shale gas storing layer. The experimental device provided by the invention has strong practicality, is easy to assemble, convenient to operate, is compact in structure, and can better imitate fracture damage and permeability change mechanism of a shale sample of the shale gas storing layer under the actions of static pressure and pulse hydrofracture.

An interpretation method and system for NMR echo-train data in thinly laminated sequences. The invention uses geological information obtained at higher vertical resolution, such as using Electric Micro Imaging, to enhance the vertical resolution of echo-train data, and thus avoids log interpretations in which the hydrocarbon potential of the formation can be misread because low resolution logs tend to provide an average description of the formation. Such averaging is especially problematic in thinly laminated sequences that consist of highly permeable and porous sand layers and less permeable silt or essentially impermeable shale layers. In a preferred embodiment, using the additional high-resolution formation information one can estimate the typical T2-spectra of lithological laminae, and significantly enhance the permeability estimate in the laminated sequences. The method and system are applicable to any temporal data from other logging tools, such as the thermal neutron decay log and others. The system and method enable proper evaluation of the high potential of thinly laminated formations, which may otherwise be overlooked as low permeable formations.

Formation testing, resistivity and NMR measurements are used concurrently to determine a relative permeability representative of a formation surrounding the borehole. A method and apparatus is provided for accurate determination of the relative permeability for a formation by measuring saturation levels in a region of interest determined from resistivity or NMR readings versus time during formation draw down pressure testing. The method and apparatus determines and effective permeability over time for various saturation levels to determine the relative permeability for the formation at each saturation level and also enables determination of the efficacy of utilizing completion fluids in the formation to increase formation productivity. The method and apparatus enables more accurate determination of effective permeability and the irreducible saturation level. The method and apparatus also provides for determination of whether a pad is sealed properly against a borehole wall and determines if a probe is clogged.

An apparatus for measuring permeability accurately in expansive clay and non-expansive soils is provided. The apparatus includes hollow porous stone cylinders which prevent the sample from bulging and at the same time allow application of confining pressure on the soil sample enclosed in a flexible membrane, which simulates the field condition and allows for application of back pressure to aid in saturation. The apparatus also allows for accurate comparison of hydraulic characteristics of swelling clays with fluids of various dielectric and other properties. The apparatus can also be used to consolidate the sample either three dimensionally or in one direction and perform permeability tests as well as find out the consolidation characteristics of the sample.

A method for drilling, running casing in, and / or cementing a borehole in a subterranean formation without significant loss of drilling fluid is disclosed, as well as compositions for use in such method. The method employs a drilling fluid comprising a fragile gel or having fragile gel behavior and providing superior oil mud rheology and overall performance. The fluid is especially advantageous for use in deep water wells because the fluid exhibits minimal difference between downhole equivalent circulating density and surface density notwithstanding differences in drilling or penetration rates. When an ester and isomerized olefin blend is used for the base of the fluid, the fluid makes an environmentally acceptable and regulatory compliant invert emulsion drilling fluid. The fluid preferably contains no organophilic clays.

The invention discloses a device for testing the durability of a water pressure resistant grouted rock, which comprises a pressure chamber, a control cabinet, heating equipment, pressurizing equipment, measuring equipment and accessory equipment, wherein the heating equipment can supply a stable heat source for the pressure chamber; the pressurizing equipment can provide confining pressure and osmotic pressure for the pressure chamber; the pressure chamber can apply an axial pressure by means of a universal test, is corrosion resistant and can realize annular and vertical penetration tests of three kinds of standard samples of different dimensions at different temperatures and pressures; the measuring equipment can realize accurate measurement of temperature, pressure and flow rate; and the control cabinet can realize the accurate control of pressure and temperature. The device can be used for indoor researches on the durability of tunnel water pressure resistant grouted rock or dam impervious curtain in an environment of high-water-pressure and corrosive environment, and at the same time, realizes the researches on the change rule of the permeability of a rock sample under the coupled actions of a temperature field, a seepage field, a stress field and a chemical field.

The invention belongs to the field of oil exploration and particularly relates to an effectiveness evaluation method for a compact sandstone reservoir map cracking system. The effectiveness evaluation method for the compact sandstone reservoir map cracking system includes the following steps that a crack discrete network geologic model is established, crack formation periods are statistically analyzed, crack filling sources are statistically analyzed, crack superior filling directions and systems are statistically analyzed, crack filling master control geologic factors are analyzed, the relation between the crack permeability and current primary stress is established, and the space effectiveness of the map cracking system is evaluated. The purposes of accurately acquiring effective evaluation of compact sandstone reservoir well point crack filling periods, filling superior directions, filling degrees and the space effectiveness of the map cracking system are achieved, the filling degrees and the filling superior directions of compact sandstone reservoir cracks under the multi-period formation fluid precipitation and crystallization effect are effectively predicted, guarantees are provided for fracturing modification design and development scheme optimization of a fractured reservoir, and the risk and cost of exploration and development are reduced.

The invention relates to a pore network model (PNM)-based bionic bone scaffold constructing method. The method comprises the following steps of: acquiring a cross section image of microscopic three-dimensional micropore structural information and three-dimensional space position density information of a human bone by a micro computed tomography (Micro-CT) technology; performing threshold value processing to acquire binarized image data; extracting a spongy bone part, and measuring by using Mimics software to acquire porosity, penetration rate, aperture and the like; programming PNM bone scaffold parameters according to a PNM principle by using the acquired bone overall dimension data and internal size data; acquiring a generating program of the bone scaffold by using a programming tool C++ and OPENGRIP language programming; generating a three-dimensional model of the PNM bionic bone scaffold by using a Unigraphics (UG) secondary development platform; and finally leading the PNM bionic bone scaffold into the Mimics software to verify the parameters, such as the aperture, the penetration rate and the like of the PNM bionic bone scaffold. The bone scaffold well imitates a natural bone, and has high performance similar to that of the natural bone; and a good porous structure and the high penetration rate are favorable for differentiation and flowing of bone derived cells.

The present invention discloses an isolating material air permeability measuring device which comprises a double vacuum sealing structure permeating gas sampling device and an isolation material air permeability measuring device of the current limiting air extraction pipeline, the device comprises a permeation gas sampling device with double vacuum sealing structure, an ultrahigh vacuum system, a mass spectrograph and a calibrating device, wherein the permeation gas sampling device is connected to the mass spectrograph 3, the current limiting air extraction pipeline 6 and the calibrating device 19-24 through the flange 2 and the vacuum valve 4. The device can overcome the defects of low signal-to-noise ratio when the mass spectrum signal of the permeation air is measured and difficulty for measuring the isolation material with low air permeability existing in the existing technique, and has the characters of quick measuring speed, being able to measure the permeability rate of all gases to the isolation material.

An integrated device for in-situ generation and decomposition of hydrate sediments and permeability measurement thereof belongs to the field of measuring the basic physical properties of natural gas hydrates. The device mainly comprises a reaction kettle, a cold store, a scavenging leakage detection system, a temperature control system, a gas supply system, a water supply system, a permeability measurement system and a computer data acquisition system. A compression type design is adopted for the reaction kettle so that different stress states can be simulated. The device has the following advantages that: the cold store and a constant temperature bath are capable of realizing quick and accurate control of temperatures; the gas supply system is quick and convenient to increase and preserve pressures; the data acquisition system has the functions of data storage and real-time analysis; the temperatures, pressures, historical sedimentary conditions and stress states of different hydratesediment reservoirs can be simulated; and a hydrate sediment sample can be integrally taken out in a relatively convenient manner, and can be directly put in a low-temperature high-pressure three-axis tester for the mechanical characteristic testing research. Besides, the device plays an important role in guiding the drilling and safe mining of natural gas hydrates.

The invention is concerned with apparatus and methods for measuring package permeability and / or permeant sorption. The apparatus includes a housing defining an inner sealed chamber that is substantially impervious to a permeant of interest. The chamber has an inlet for introducing an inert medium substantially free of the permeant and an outlet for removing the inert medium. A sensor is positioned within the chamber and to provide signals indicative of permeant concentrations. A sealable opening is provided in the housing for introducing, within the chamber, packages to be measured for permeability and / or permeant sorption. In the method, testing of permeant concentrations is cycled to determine the slope of a time line between a low and a high concentration of the permeant. Humidity and temperature are preferably maintained constant within the chamber during testing.

The invention provides a device and a method for measuring the gasometry permeability of rock under high pressure and belongs to the field of exploration and development of oil fields. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, sampling gas reservoir rock and testing the rock sample by using test gas to acquire the permeating quantity of the rock sample to the test gas under the high pressure and pressure of the test gas at the moment; secondly, measuring the viscosity of the test gas under different pressure at experimental temperature to acquire a relational expression between the viscosity and the pressure of the test gas; and finally, processing the data to acquire the gasometry permeability of the rock under the high pressure. A process and the method for measuring the gasometry permeability of the rock under high pressure are established; furthermore, by analysis of the property of the gas under the high pressure, a method for processing the data of the gasometry permeability of the rock under the appropriate high pressure can be implemented; under the condition like that of high-pressure gas reservoir stratum, the gasometry permeability of the rock under the high pressure can be obtained more accurately; and data support is supplied to the development of high-pressure gas reservoir.

The invention provides a method and a device for confirming the rock permeability. The method comprises the following steps: measuring a series of selected rock core samples to obtain rock permeability values; measuring transverse relaxation time T2 distribution and rock core capillary pressure curves of water-saturated rock core samples with different permeability values; confirming the relationship of the transverse relaxation time T2 distribution of the rock core samples and pore throat radius distribution of the rock core samples according to a function relationship of the transverse relaxation time T2 distribution and the rock core capillary pressure curves; uniformly dividing the transverse relaxation time T2 distribution and the pore throat radius distribution of the rock core samples into n groups; and calculating porosity components and average pore throat radiuses of the different groups of rock core samples. The rock permeability is confirmed by dividing the plurality groups of porosity components and average pore throat radius components through the nuclear magnetic resonance T2 distribution. The seepage characteristics of reservoir rocks are reflected in a relatively real manner through the permeability calculated by using the method and the device provided by the invention, the consistency with the rock core analysis permeability result is good, and the calculation result is accurate.

The invention relates to a mulch film, in particular to a polyester full-biodegradable mulch film. The polyester full-biodegradable mulch film is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 40%-80% of flexible degradable polyester, 10%-55% of rigid degradable polyester, 0.5%-1.5% of a reactive compatibilizing agent, 1%-2% of a heat preservation agent, 1%-2% of a moisturizing agent, 0.5%-1.5% of an ageing-resistant agent, 0.5%-1% of a smooth agent and 0.5%-3% of an anti-block agent. The polyester full-biodegradable mulch film does not contain any non-biodegradable general plastic and starch; the film blowing operation can be performed on a general LDPE (low-density polyethylene) film blowing machine; equipment does not need to be modified; the polyester full-biodegradable mulch film is good in transparency, flexibility and heat preservation property, high in strength, low in water vapor penetration rate and favorable for preserving moisture.

This invention presents various embodiments, including a system and a method, in which pressure-while-drilling data is gathered at a drilling rig and compared to modeled ECD pressure data related to the bore hole. The actual and modeled data are statistically analyzed to generate standard deviation data, which is used to infer information about how rapid a rate of penetration may safely be employed to optimize drilling results.

The invention provides a device for testing the axial loading / unloading gas permeability of coal, comprising a gas pressurizer, a permeability test unit, an axial pressuring and unloading device and a gas collecting device, wherein the permeability test unit consists of a pressure chamber, a bleeder vent plate, a base, the base is provided with a gas inlet channel, a gas outlet channel is arranged at the top part of the pressure chamber and a piston pressure gauge is fixed on the top part; the permeability test device is arranged in the axial pressuring and unloading device which is composed of a lifting table, a triaxial shear instrument, a proving ring arranged at the upper part of the triaxial shear instrument, and the proving ring is provided with a strain dial gauge and a force-measurement dial gauge; the air tube of the gas pressuring device is connected with an air inlet of the base of the axial pressuring and unloading device; and the air header of the gas collecting device is connected with an air outlet at the upper part of the pressure chamber of the axial pressuring and unloading device. The device in the invention is suitable for permeability test for various coal body structures in particular to coal sample construction under the loading and unloading conditions, and has simple structure, convenient operation and good test repeatability.

A method for drilling, running casing in, and / or cementing a borehole in a subterranean formation without significant loss of drilling fluid is disclosed, as well as compositions for use in such method. The method employs a drilling fluid comprising a fragile gel or having fragile gel behavior and providing superior oil mud rheology and overall performance. The fluid is especially advantageous for use in deep water wells because the fluid exhibits minimal difference between downhole equivalent circulating density and surface density notwithstanding differences in drilling or penetration rates. When an ester and isomerized olefin blend is used for the base of the fluid, the fluid makes an environmentally acceptable and regulatory compliant invert emulsion drilling fluid. The fluid preferably contains no organophilic clays.

The invention discloses a foam flooding evaluation device and an evaluation method thereof. The foam flooding evaluation device comprises a foam generation device, a liquid supplying device, a rock core simulation device and a data acquisition system. The evaluation method using the foam flooding evaluation device comprises the following steps: carrying out saturated simulated stratum water pre-treatment on selected rock core models with different penetration rates, sequentially carrying out raw oil saturation, stratum water injection, foam injection and foam flooding; and controlling injection parameters in an injection process to obtain the rock core models aiming at the different penetration rates to obtain an optimal foam injection foam corresponding to the maximum raw oil recovery efficiency. The foam flooding evaluation device and the evaluation method thereof, disclosed by the invention, have a reliable working performance and a good simulation effect; the corresponding evaluation method can be used for researching recovery efficiency improving mechanisms including transferring and flooding control and the like of foam in a foam flooding process.

The invention belongs to a micro-electronic encapsulation technology and specifically relates to a vacuum eutectic welding method. The method comprises the following steps: reducing gas formic acid vapor or hydrogen is introduced during a vacuum eutectic welding process, so as to reduce an oxidized welding material on a surface layer of a preformed welding material sheet and reduce the oxidized dreg of a welded surface; during a heating process, nitrogen is introduced and the heating rate is increased, so as to shorten the eutectic time and avoid the efficacy loss caused by chip over-welding or high-temperature accelerated ageing; and vacuumizing is carried out during an eutectic process, so as to reduce and even avoid voidage of the welded surface, increase the penetration rate of the chip and reduce the contact resistance and thermal resistance. According to the invention, the problem of the oxidized dreg on the welded surface caused by the oxidation of the surface layer of the welding material sheet in the prior art is overcome; the demand on storage conditions of the welding material sheet is reduced; the eutectic time is shortened; the efficacy loss caused by chip over-welding or high-temperature accelerated ageing is avoided; the void ratio is reduced; and the vacuum eutectic welding method has the characteristics of high reliability, high yield and low cost.

The invention discloses a method and a device for analyzing the dispersion and attenuation of unsaturated double-porosity medium earthquake waves. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, acquiring geological data including penetration rate, porosity, shale content and mineral components and generating a reservoir rock dry framework model according to the geological data; 2, acquiring measured data including drilling data, logging data, logging information and fluid experiment measured data and generating a reservoir fluid model according to the measured data and a Van derWaals equation; 3, solving plane waves according to the reservoir rock dry framework model, the reservoir fluid model and a Biot-Rayleigh equation for describing the spread of the unsaturated double-porosity medium earthquake waves, and generating phase speed and inverse quality factors of longitudinal waves and horizontal waves; and 4, generating relationships between frequency and each of speed, attenuation,wave impedance, AVO (Amplitude Versus Offset) response characteristic and the like according to the phase speed and inverse quality factors of the longitudinal waves and the horizontal waves.

The invention discloses a device for simultaneously measuring expansion and permeability rate of gas injected into a coal rock under a tri-axial stress condition. The device comprises a gas injection system (1), a confining pressure system (2), an axial pressure loading machine (25), a permeability measuring system (3) and a data acquisition system (4), wherein the gas outlet port of the gas injection system (1) is connected with the gas inlet port of the confining pressure system (2) through a high pressure gas inlet pipe (43); the axial pressure loading machine (25) is arranged at the external part of the confining pressure system (2); the permeability measuring system (3) is connected with the gas outlet port of the confining pressure system (2) through a high pressure gas pipe; and the data acquisition system (4) is connected with the confining pressure system (2) through a data line with a sensor. According to the device provided by the invention, the problem of measuring coal-body deformations and permeability variations of different adsorption gases at different temperatures and different pressures is effectively solved; in addition, the permeability and coal-body change laws caused by a gas injection displacement in the process of developing coal bed gases are effectively simulated so that the production practice is beneficial to be further guided.

Formation testing, resistivity and NMR measurements are used concurrently to determine a relative permeability representative of a formation surrounding the borehole. A method and apparatus is provided for accurate determination of the relative permeability for a formation by measuring saturation levels in a region of interest determined from resistivity or NMR readings versus time during formation draw down pressure testing. The method and apparatus determines and effective permeability over time for various saturation levels to determine the relative permeability for the formation at each saturation level and also enables determination of the efficacy of utilizing completion fluids in the formation to increase formation productivity. The method and apparatus enables more accurate determination of effective permeability and the irreducible saturation level. The method and apparatus also provides for determination of whether a pad is sealed properly against a borehole wall and determines if a probe is clogged.

A method for predicting the secondary porosity system (SPS) porosity, and thereby permeability, of a coal bed involves determining an initial condition in the coal bed, including an initial SPS pressure and an initial sorbed gas composition, determining a pressure strain effect due to increasing the SPS pressure to a value greater than the initial SPS pressure, and determining a sorption strain effect due to changes in the sorbed gas composition resulting from decreasing the methane content and increasing the content of a stronger adsorbing fluid (SAG) relative to the initial sorbed gas composition. Preferably, the method uses data from test injections of water and / or a weaker adsorbing fluid (WAG) and a SAG. The data is used in the inventors' model to compute a SPS porosity and an absolute permeability at a reference SPS pressure and a reference sorbed gas composition. Preferably, the reference pressure is atmospheric pressure. The inventors' model accounts for both dynamic pressure strain and dynamic multicomponent sorption strain effects. As a result, a calibrated model can be produced for the coal bed for predicting the coal bed's SPS porosity, and thereby permeability, as a function of a pre-selected injection or production fluid's composition and / or SPS pressure conditions.

The stimulated rock volume (SRV) of a subterranean formation may be increased by pumping viscous fracturing fluid into the formation in a first stage to create or enlarge a primary fracture, decreasing the pumping in order for the fluid to increase in viscosity within the primary fracture, and then continuing to pump viscous fluid into the formation in a second stage. The fluid pumped into the second stage is diverted away from the primary fracture and a secondary fracture is created. The directional orientation of the secondary fracture is distinct from the directional orientation of the primary fracture. The fluid of the first stage may contain a viscosifying polymer or viscoelastic surfactant or may be slickwater.

The invention belongs to the technical field of mineral resources, and particularly relates to a method for computing unsteady state output of a shale gas reservoir complex fracture network. The method comprises the following steps that S1, basic parameters of shale gas reservoir strata and shale gas are collected, and a shale substrate porous media capillary tube permeability model is established; S2, shale gas reservoir microseism fracture imaging data is collected, a box method is applied to acquire fractal dimensions, a two-dimensional discrete fracture network model is established, and animproved cubic law is adopted to calculate the complex fracture network permeability; S3, it is considered that a shale gas reservoir fracturing horizontal well outer region is a substrate area infiltration area and a shale gas reservoir fracturing horizontal well inner region is a complex fracture network area flow area, and a shale gas reservoir fracturing horizontal well steady-state productivity model is established; according to a shale gas pressure propagation radius equation and a shale gas reservoir material balance equation, a continuous quasi-steady method is applied to establish ashale gas reservoir fracturing horizontal well unsteady state model. The method for the computing unsteady state output of the shale gas reservoir complex fracture network has the advantages that theconsideration factors are close to the actual conditions of strata, and computed results are more accurate.

A method and control system for directional drilling are described. A drill string motor is commanded to rotate at a constant speed in a forward direction and the constant speed in a reverse direction for a first duration and a second duration, respectively, for at least one oscillation cycle. The difference between an averaged absolute angle of the drill string and a target rotation angle for the drill string is maintained near zero by adjusting the length of the durations as necessary. The target rotation angle can be changed based on measurement while drilling data obtained during drilling operations. Advantageously, friction between the drill string and bore hole is reduced, leading to an increase in the drilling penetration rate.

The invention belongs to the technical field of irregular oil gas development and production increase, and particularly relates to an evaluating method of oil and gas reservoir seepage by supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing fluid and a method thereof; a carbon dioxide pressurizing and filling system provides carbon dioxide air source and pressure, and is connected with a supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing fluid phase balance reaction system; the supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing fluid phase balance reaction system is linked with a temperature control system in parallel; a core displacement and permeability measuring system is respectively connected with the supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing fluid phase balance reaction system and a return pressure system, so that the fracturing fluid is effected on the core; the return pressure system provides necessary return pressure for experiment, so as to simulate the real formation condition. The device can adjust the experiment temperature and pressure according to different experiments, and exactly determine the damage rate of the supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing fluid core, and study influences of supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing fluid on the core damage rate under different experimental conditions.