The invention relates to the field of optics, and provides a coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering spectrum detection and microimaging system which comprises a femtosecond pulse laser device, a beam divider, a pohotonic crystal fiber, a narrow bandpass filter, a delay unit, a beam combiner and a detector, wherein the beam divider is used for dividing femtosecond pulse laser into a first light beam and a second light beam; the pohotonic crystal fiber is used for pumping the first light beam to output super-continuum spectrum laser of which the pulse width is picosecond grade as Stokes light; the narrow bandpass filter is used for filtering the second light beam to increase the pulse width to be approximate to that of the super-continuum spectrum laser as pumping light and detection light; the delay unit is used for synchronizing the stokes light, the pumping light and the detection light; the beam combiner is used for combining the Stokes light, the pumping light and the detection light into a third light beam; the detector is used for detecting a correlated anti-Stokes Raman scattered spectrum. By adopting the coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering spectrum detection and microimaging system, simultaneous imaging of multiple chemical bands can be rapidly achieved, a super-continuum spectrum light source is lowly required, a complete CARS (Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering) spectrum can be obtained, the light beam utilization efficiency can be maximized, and the spectral resolution of CARS imaging can be improved.