86results about How to "Increased resistance to infection" patented technology

The invention discloses a method for preparing a medical high molecular material by a magnetron sputtering technology. The method comprises the following steps of: fixing or moving a medical high molecular material to or through a treatment bench in a vacuum chamber of magnetron sputtering equipment, pumping vacuum, introducing gas, switching on power supplies of the treatment bench and a target bench, and treating to obtain the medical high molecular material with high surface infection resistance and biological compatibility. The method is simple in operation and does not affect the physical-chemical structures of the material, the treated high molecular material has a stable surface structure and long-acting broad-spectrum infection resistance, and the cell compatibility of the treated high molecular material is not lower than the inherent biological compatibility of the material.

The invention discloses a nano-silver porous silicone rubber / polyurethane-containing double-layer artificial skin and a preparation method thereof. The nano-silver porous silicone rubber / polyurethane-containing double-layer artificial skin is characterized in that the artificial skin contains a dermis and epidermis double-layer structure; a dermis layer is prepared from loose porous polyurethane; an epidermis layer is prepared from antibacterial agent-containing silicone rubber. A preparation method of the dermis layer comprises the following steps: dissolving the polyurethane, adding a pore-foaming agent, defoaming, carrying out curtain coating so as to form a film, volatilizing a solvent, soaking so as to leach out the pore-foaming agent, and drying so as to obtain a porous polyurethane film. A preparation method of the epidermis layer comprises the following steps: dissolving a silicone rubber precursor, carrying out ultrasonic dispersion on a nano-silver solution, adding the pore-foaming agent, defoaming, carrying out blade coating or curtain coating so as to form a film, volatilizing a solvent, curing so as to obtain an embryonic film, soaking so as to leach out the pore-foaming agent, and drying so as to obtain a silicone rubber microporous film. The preparation method of the double-layer artificial skin comprises the following steps: coating the polyurethane film with polyvinyl alcohol, acid liquor and a crosslinking agent, then covering the polyurethane film by using the silicone rubber film, volatilizing a solvent, and carrying out heat treatment so as to obtain the double-layer artificial skin. The nano-silver porous silicone rubber / polyurethane-containing double-layer artificial skin has the effects of water resistance, air permeability, bacterial inhibition, virus killing and effective absorption of hydrops.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a medical polymer material by an ion implantation technique; the method obtains the medical polymer material with surface infection resistance and biocompatibility by the following steps of fixing the medical polymer material on or moving the medical polymer material through a treatment table of ion implantation equipment, vacuum-pumping, introducing gas, turning on the power supply of the ion implantation equipment, and performing treatment. The method is simple in operation, and does not influence the physical-chemical structure of the material body; the treated polymer material is stable in surface structure, has long-acting and wide-spectrum infection resistance, and has cytocompatibility not lower than the inherent biocompatibility of the material itself.

The invention relates to an artificial dermis bracket. The artificial dermis bracket comprises a three-dimensional porous structure with a deep layer and a shallow layer, wherein sustained release microspheres loaded with functional factors are introduced into the artificial dermis bracket, and comprise microspheres loaded with antibiotics and microspheres loaded with skin growth factors, and a gradient structure is formed by the three-dimensional porous structure of the artificial dermis bracket due to different porosities of the deep layer and the shallow layer. The preparation method of the artificial dermis bracket mainly comprises the steps of: preparing the sustained release microspheres loaded with the functional factors; preparing collagen solutions with two concentrations as matrix solutions; and mixing the sustained release microspheres loaded with the functional factors into the corresponding matrix solutions and molding the three-dimensional porous structure comprising the deep layer and the shallow layer so as to form the artificial dermis bracket with introduction of the sustained release microspheres loaded with the functional factors. The artificial dermis bracket provided by the invention has antibacterial activity and the property of promoting wound healing.

A Bifidobacterial fruit-vegetable beverage is prepared from fresh fruit juice, fresh vegetable juice, cultured Bifidobacterium, lactobacillus and thermophilic streptococcus, stabilizer and flavouring through ultrahigh-temp. instantaneous sterilizing, and fermenting. Its advantages are high nutritive and health-care value, and long quality guarantee period.

The invention relates to a weight reducing and fat reducing special type clinic nutrition recipe, which comprises 20 to 38 parts of protein, 8 to 12 parts of fat, 40 to 50 parts of carbohydrate, 5 to 8 parts of dietary fiber, 0.3 to 1.5 parts of macro elements, 0.01 to 0.04 part of trace elements, 0.005 to 0.015 part of lipid-soluble vitamin, 0.01 to 0.3 part of water-soluble vitamin, 0.05 to 1 part of dietary essence, 0.1 to 2 parts of medical and edible ingredients, 0.1 to 3 parts of natural plant compounds and 0.005 to 2 parts of new resource food, wherein the medical and edible ingredients are selected from at least one of poria cocos, fructus lycii, lotus leaves, semen cassiae, radix platycodi, rhizoma dioscoreae, fructus crataegi and coix seeds; each ingredient is prepared into powder in advance; the fat and the vitamin are prepared into powder by using a micro-capsule embedding technology. Through the screening and the proportioning of the ingredients, the nutrition recipe provides reasonable and overall nutrition support for patients with adiposity; meanwhile, the medical and edible ingredients, the natural plant compounds and the new resource food with the effects of replenishing qi to invigorate the spleen, eliminating phlegm, removing dampness and reducing weight and fat are added, so that the effects of preventing and treating the adiposity are achieved.

The invention discloses multi-medicament loaded calcium phosphate cement powder. The multi-medicament loaded calcium phosphate cement powder is prepared by directly mixing more than one prophase release medicament, polymer microspheres loaded with a long-term release medicament and calcium phosphate cement powder, or performing precipitation blending on more than one prophase release medicament and an ingredient in the calcium phosphate cement powder and uniformly mixing the obtained product with other ingredients of the calcium phosphate cement powder and the polymer microspheres loaded with the long-term release medicament. The powder is suitable for filling and repairing bone defects with different volumes and different shapes; moreover, the loaded prophase release medicaments and the loaded long-term release medicament can be released for co-administration in different time sequences at local positions of the bone defects; and the powder, through the synergism, enhances therapeutic effect, promotes bone healing, improves the success rate of clinical filling and repair of the bone defects, and can reduce the side effect of the medicaments on organisms and meet the clinical demand on bone filling and repair materials at the same time.

The invention relates to the technical field of landscaping, in particular to a tree wound treating agent. The tree wound treating agent is prepared from the following components: activated aloe dry powder, activated clay, algin, rapin, vitamin C, a preservative, chitosan quaternary ammonium salt, glycerinum, plant hormones, a bactericide and a permeable regulator, wherein potassium sorbate is used as the preservative; the plant hormones are prepared from gibberellins, heteroauxin and cytokinin; the bactericide is prepared from streptomycin, thiophanate methyl and difenoconazole of which the content ratio is 4:3:3; glucose or sodium chloride is used as the permeable regulator. The tree wound treating agent disclosed by the invention adopts biogel prepared from aloe as a drug carrier, is capable of providing a good moisturizing and air-permeable environment for a wound, and is convenient to stably and sustainably release a drug; healing of a tree wound is promoted, and the healing timeis shortened.

The invention relates to a Chinese traditional medicine, in particular to a hemostatic medicine for bleeding wound and the preparing method thereof, which is characterized in that the medicine is prepared by the following materials according to weight proportions: 6 to 8 percent of myrrh, 3 to 6 percent of ground beetle, 6 to 9 percent of arisaema cum bile, 2 to 3 percent of dragon's blood, 3 to 5 percent of nux vomica(fried with wine), 2.8 to 4.5 percent of keel, 3 to 4.5 percent of angelica, 4 to 6 percent of divaricate saposhnikovia root, 4 to 7 percent of safflower, 3 to 5 percent of sichuan notopterygium, 3 to 6 percent of crab bone, 6 to 9 percent of frankincense and 7 to 9 percent of East Asian tree fern rhizome. The invention can not only stop bleeding and relieve pain quickly (stopping bleeding within 1 to 2 minutes and relieving pain within 3 to 5 minutes, and taking effect within 10 seconds), but also has the effects of generating muscle, diminishing inflammation, detoxication and high anti-infection. Generally, the wound can be healed once, while for fairly serious or large wound, the wound can be healed by using the medicine for only twice to 3 times.

The invention discloses a method for producing rose-tea vinegar drink. The rose-tea vinegar drink comprises roses, tea, siraitia grosvenorii, white sugar and mountain spring water; the method includes the special steps that the siraitia grosvenorii is smashed, all raw materials are weighed, the roses, the tea, the siraitia grosvenorii and the white sugar are put into a pot, then the mountain spring water is added, the mixture is boiled, boiling and keeping are carried out for a period of time, the product is cooled and filtered, extracting liquid is collected, acetic bacteria are led, fermentation is carried out, fermented material liquid is obtained, the acidity of the fermented material liquid and the content of a soluble solid are adjusted, and sterilization and filling are carried out. The product produced with the method is rich in mellow, full-bodied in tea, delicious in sour and sweet, rich in nutrient and unique in flavor.

The invention discloses an application of GAFP2 protein in cultivating sheath blight-resisting transgenic paddy rice and a special vector. The invention provides an application of GAFP2 protein or an encoding gene thereof or a recombinant vector in regulating and controlling plant disease resistance. The amino acid sequence of a GAFP2 protein is a sequence 2 inside a sequence table or the (29-171)th site amino acid residue of the sequence 2 inside the sequence table and from an N'tail end. Experiments improve that the GAFP2 is inducted into paddy rice so that transgenic paddy rice is obtained, therefore the resistance of paddy rice sheath blight can be effectively enhanced.

The invention discloses a peanut cysteine protease encoding gene AhRD21A, the construction of an overexpression vector of the peanut cysteine protease encoding gene AhRD21A and the application of the peanut cysteine protease encoding gene AhRD21A in tobacco bacterial wilt resistance genetic engineering. The gene contains a nucleotide sequence as shown in SEQ ID No. 1. The CaMV 35S promoter-driven overexpression vector agrobacterium-mediated transformation bacterial wilt susceptible variety Honghua Dajinyuan is constructed through a Gateway system, molecular detection and ralstonia solanacearum inoculation recognition are carried out on transgenic plants, and overexpression of the CaMV 35S promoter-driven overexpression vector agrobacterium-mediated transformation bacterial wilt susceptible variety Honghua Dajinyua in tobaccos can significantly improve bacterial wilt resistance of transgenic tobaccos. The result shows that the AhRD21A may participate in the resistance reaction of the plant to the bacterial wilt, which has an important gene resource for the bacterial wilt resistance genetic engineering breeding application of the plant.

The invention relates to the field of baby incubators, and discloses a biological safe baby incubator. The baby incubator comprises a supporting frame and a baby cabin, and further comprises an air inlet pipe, an air return pipe and an external box, wherein the air inlet pipe and the air return pipe are arranged on the two sides of the baby cabin and are communicated with the baby cabin, and the external box is connected with the air inlet pipe and the air return pipe; the outer box comprises an outer box body, a fan and a filter; an inner cavity of the outer box body is divided into a first area, a second area, a third area and a fourth area; the first area is communicated with the air return pipe and provided with an air inlet communicated with the outside, and the fourth area is communicated with the air inlet pipe; the filter is located in the first area and can filter circularly flowing air; the fan is arranged between the second area and the third area, and the fan works to generate negative pressure to circulate the air in the baby cabin; a heater is arranged in the third area; a gap is formed on the periphery of a third partition plate between the third area and the fourtharea. In this way, vibration and noise generated by working of components such as the circulating fan can be prevented from being transmitted into the baby cabin, and the infection risk can be effectively reduced.

The invention discloses an anti-infection material for an intrauterine contraceptive device. The material is prepared by uniformly mixing a chitosan composite material and a high polymer material, the weight ratio of the chitosan composite material to the high polymer material is 0.01%-60%. The intrauterine contraceptive device prepared from the anti-infection material is good in tissue compatibility and capable of inhibiting the colonization and growth of bacterial on a surface of the intrauterine contraceptive device so as to reduce the inflammation.

The invention relates to a traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating aplastic anemia. The traditional Chinese medicine composition comprises the following raw materials of herbs by weight proportion: 20-25 g of Rehmannia Glutinosa, 15-20 g of Barbary Wolfberry Fruit, 15-20 g of Malaytea Scurfpea Fruit, 15-20 g of Epimedium, 10-15 g of Colla Cornus Cervi, 3-9 g of Adix aconiti lateralis preparata, 3-9 g of Cassia Twig, 10-15 g of Radix Ginseng Rubra, 10-15 g of Dried Tangerine Peel, 10-15 g of Common Vladimiria Root, 20-25 g of Fructus Crataegi, 10-15 g of Medicated Leaven, 10-15 gof Fried Malt. The pharmaceutical ingredients in the composition are characterized in dialectic synergy. The Traditional Chinese medicine can increase the number of White blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin and platelet, resist infection and stop bleeding via nourishing liver and kiney, replenishing qi and blood and strengthening the spleen and stomach, and has the advantages of easy preparation process, convenience in taking, low cost, few side effects, the short period of treatment, remarkable curative effect.

The invention relates to novel application of traditional Chinese medicinal preparations, and particularly relates to a drug for external use capable of effectively treating wound infection in preparing a medicament for treating a diabetic foot. The drug for external use capable of effectively treating wound infection is mainly applied to treatment of residual wound after burning and scalding. Practice and experiments prove that the drug for external use capable of effectively treating wound infection can be dipped with sterile gauze and directly applied to the affected part or bathed affect part of the diabetic foot. Results of clinical contrast experiments on patients with diabetic foot prove that the drug for external use capable of effectively treating wound infection can be used for relieving nervous lesion on the periphery of the wound, improving microcirculation of local tissues and gradually restoring disordered mechanism; effective components in the drug for external use capable of treating wound infection can infiltrate into blood circulation through the wound, the blood glucose concentration can be reduced during administration, and the wound is promoted to heal quickly. According to the novel application of the drug for external use capable of effectively treating wound infection, indications of the drug for external use capable of effectively treating wound infection can be increased, and the curative effect in the aspect of treating diabetic foot is remarkable.

The invention specifically relates to a method of mitigating harm of Hirschmanniella to paddy rice by using an extract product of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt, which belongs to the field of biological control technology for nematodiasis of paddy rice. The extract product of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt is prepared by crushing and sieving perilla leaves, seeds and stalks and carrying out extraction and condensation with water or an organic solvent used as an entrainer. The extract product is diluted and then combined with a pesticide and a fertilizer, and then an obtained mixture is directly sprayed onto paddy rice, or roots of seedlings are dipped in the mixture during transplanting. The extract product of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt can mitigate the harm that Hirschmanniella does to paddy rice, enables the purposes of yield increasing and income increasing to be achieved, is safe to beneficial organisms and poses no pollution to environment.

The invention discloses low-alcohol houttuynia cordata healthcare wine and a biological fermentation preparation method thereof. The healthcare wine comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 900-1100 parts of houttuynia cordata stems and leaves, 350-450 parts of honey and 400-500 parts of yellow wine. The preparation method comprises the following steps: cleaning the houttuynia cordata stems and leaves with water, airing, juicing, performing three-stage biological fermentation on houttuynia cordata juice and honey, and uniformly mixing fermented liquid with the yellow wine. Compared with the prior art, the preparation method has the beneficial effects that a conventional medicated wine preparation method comprising distilling, soaking and blending steps is changed, the odor of impurities is removed, and nutritional ingredients and pharmacological effects of the raw materials are retained and are multiplied through fermentation; the healthcare wine is prepared from all natural ingredients, is free of saccharin, essence, pigment and preservative, does not have toxic or side effects, is capable of improving the body immunity function, and has the effects of resisting cancers, maintaining beauty, preventing ageing, resisting infection, preventing neurasthenia and resisting radiation.

The invention discloses a co-doped nano-calcium phosphate antibacterial material containing cations and anions and a preparation method of the co-doped nano-calcium phosphate antibacterial material. Acalcium phosphate crystal structure is doped with anionic fluorine, gamma-PGA and cationic copper, zinc, magnesium or silver ions, so as to obtain the co-doped nano-calcium phosphate antibacterial material containing the cations and the anions. The pH value is circularly adjusted, a small amount of Cr<3+> is added into a gamma-PGA solution so as to prepare a gamma-PGA modifying agent, and gamma-PGA binds with Ca<2+> on calcium phosphate crystals so as to prepare anionic and cationic co-doped nano-calcium phosphate containing fluorine ions, gamma-polyglutamic acid and metal ions, the nano-calcium phosphate has a good antibacterial property and has multiple biological characteristics of being capable of regulating and controlling degradation rates of the metal ions and the fluorine ions, improving infection resistance and promoting blood vessel regeneration and bone formation.

The invention belongs to the technical field of healthcare products and particularly relates to a uric acid reducing tea substitute and a preparation method thereof. The uric acid reducing tea substitute is prepared from, by weight, 50-100 parts of barley seedlings, 45-80 parts of poria cocos, 30-50 parts of chrysanthemum flowers, 25-43 parts of lalang grass rhizome, 30-50 parts of fruits of hovenia dulcis, 12-28 parts of angelica sinensis and 10-20 parts of platycodon grandiflorum. The uric acid reducing tea substitute has strict formula and can treat both exterior and interior, can achieve the treatment rule of fortifying spleen, respelling phlegm, being diuresis and activating blood; due to combination of the raw materials, the tea substitute can avoid gathering of moisture, generationof stagnant heat and hiding of evils. The tea substitute can effectively treat hyperuricemia in the type of phlegm-damp stagnation due to synergistic effect of the raw materials.

The invention disclosesone living thing bacteriostat,The stated bacteriostat contains the gluconic acid chlorine YIDING and the polyose peptide, usually states bacteriostat joins in the water to compound the cleaning solution,the stated gluconic acid chlorine YIDING density in the cleaning solution is 0.1-1%g / ml, the stated polyose peptide density in cleaning solution is 0.05-1%g / ml.The bacteriostat uses to suppress the backwoods coli, the golden yellow glucose coccus, the white reads the coccus.The gluconic acid chlorine YIDING and the polyose peptide union urges each other to make a remarkable biological activity,makes an extremely good treatment result, has decided when the gluconic acid chlorine displays the bacteriostasis active,it also can promote circumference the blood corpuscle, strengthens the net bast system to swallow function,synthesis repairing skin needed each kind of protein,activate macrophage and the lymphocyte.

The invention discloses an anti-infection covering bag and a preparation method of the anti-infection covering bag. The anti-infection covering bag is prepared by multi-component nanoscale cellosilks through a coaxial electrospinning technology, wherein each multi-component nanoscale cellosilk comprises a core layer and a surface layer, the surface layer covers the core layer, the core layer is made of a biodegradable material or a non-biodegradable material, the surface layer is a mixed layer formed by the biodegradable material and a medicine, and the medicine is uniformly distributed in the biodegradable material of the surface layer. According to the anti-infection covering bag provided by the invention, the medicine is uniformly distributed in the biodegradable material of the surface layer, thus the uniform distribution of the medicine is guaranteed, the problem that the nonuniform distribution of the medicine influences the release process of the medicine is solved, and the anti-infection performances are greatly improved; in addition, the anti-infection covering bag is simple in structure, and easy for popularization and application.

The invention discloses a cultivation method for improving northern protected tomato resistibility to root-knot nematode, the method comprising: A. Preparation of seedling substrate: the seedling substrate comprises, by volume, 2-4 parts of rice husk, 1-3 parts of fermented chicken manure, 1-2 parts of river sand, and 1 part of perlite. The seedling substrate is prepared by well mixing and disinfecting those raw materials. B. Mycorrhizal fungi is inoculated on the seedling substrate to form tomato mycorrhizal inoculant, then, tomato seeds are sowed and cultured on the tomato mycorrhizal inoculant, and tomato seedlings are sprouted. C. Before tomato seedling transplanting, phosphorus solubilizing bacteria is inoculated at root sites of tomato seedlings; tomato mycorrhizal inoculant is transplanted together with the tomato seedlings when transplanting. Soil is covered. Cultivation management is performed to tomato seedlings. The cultivation method has advantages of simple technology and easy operation so that industrialization production of tomato seedlings is facilitated.

The invention relates to vitamin compound premix for laying hens. The premix is prepared from 8-12g of vitamin A, 0.6-1g of vitamin D, 20-30g of vitamin E, 50-80g of vitamin C, 5-8g of choline, 3-5g of vitamin B12, 3-5g of bacilli, 3-5g of chlorogenic acid, 10-20g of furnace soil and 800-820g of corn bran. All the ingredients are evenly mixed according to weight, and then the vitamin compound premix can be obtained. The premix has the effects of boosting immunity, promoting growth and development of the laying hens, enhancing calcium absorption, improving the quality of eggshells, helping digestion and absorption and improving the efficiency of feed utilization.

The invention belongs to the field of pharmacy, and discloses a pharmaceutical composition for treating stubborn acne and application thereof. The pharmaceutical composition is mainly prepared from compound amino acid, vitamins and calcium gluconate, and in necessity, a therapeutically effective amount of antibiotics can be added. According to the main pathogenesis of the stubborn acne, targeted collaborative treatment is conducted, the metabolic activity of the human life can be quickly activated, and endocrine dyscrasia and hormone metabolism disorders are quickly corrected. The pharmaceutical composition has the effects of diminishing inflammation, reducing exudation, resisting angioneurotic edema, resisting allergy and the like, the functions of body's enzyme metabolism, diuresis, detoxification and brain and nervous system protection are promoted, the nutriture and the immunity function of a body are improved, disease alleviation and recovery of a patient suffering from the stubborn acne are facilitated, and the pharmaceutical composition is suitable for clinical popularization.

The invention relates to a microbe separating and purifying technology in functional food in the fields of biological medicines and foods, and provides a novel preparation method of lactic acid bacteria powder with high oxidation resistance. The preparation method specifically comprises the following steps that through preliminary screening adopting hydrogen peroxide, lactic acid bacteria with tolerance to hydrogen peroxide is screened out, then through detection and screening for the antioxidant activity index of the lactic acid bacteria, a lactic acid bacteria strain with high antioxidant activity is obtained, the lactic acid bacteria strain is prepared into powder through the freeze-drying technology, and the powder is applied to the production of the fermented products.

The invention relates to an artificial dermis bracket. The artificial dermis bracket comprises a three-dimensional porous structure with a deep layer and a shallow layer, wherein sustained release microspheres loaded with functional factors are introduced into the artificial dermis bracket, and comprise microspheres loaded with antibiotics and microspheres loaded with skin growth factors, and a gradient structure is formed by the three-dimensional porous structure of the artificial dermis bracket due to different porosities of the deep layer and the shallow layer. The preparation method of the artificial dermis bracket mainly comprises the steps of: preparing the sustained release microspheres loaded with the functional factors; preparing collagen solutions with two concentrations as matrix solutions; and mixing the sustained release microspheres loaded with the functional factors into the corresponding matrix solutions and molding the three-dimensional porous structure comprising the deep layer and the shallow layer so as to form the artificial dermis bracket with introduction of the sustained release microspheres loaded with the functional factors. The artificial dermis bracket provided by the invention has antibacterial activity and the property of promoting wound healing.

The invention discloses a toothpaste for preventing and treating oral ulcer, belonging to the technical field of oral cleaning articles, in particular comprising a rubbing agent, a blowing agent, an adhesive, a humectant, a sweetener and a preservative, wherein the active ingredient is human oligopeptide. 1, wall acyl dipeptide and calcined gypsum, wherein that adde proportion of the wall acyl dipeptide and calcined gypsum is 0.01 to 2 percent, 0.01 to 1 percent and 1 to 5 percent of the weight of the toothpaste respectively; The toothpaste of the invention is mainly composed of antiseptic andmuscle-promoting drugs, and is supplemented with heat-clearing and detoxifying drugs, anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs, so as to jointly achieve the effects of clearing heat, promoting blood circulation, relieving pain, convergence and promoting muscle growth, and effectively prevent and treat oral ulcer.

The invention relates to a sports energy beverage. The beverage comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 16-20% of mate tea, 8-20% of Assai extract, 8-10% of a sweetening agent, 0.02-0.04% of citric acid, 0.02-0.04% of malic acid, and compound vitamin. The compound vitamin contains 0.0002-0.0004% of vitamin B1, 0.00008-0.00016% of vitamin B6 and 0.000008-0.00002% of vitamin B12. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the sports energy beverage. The beverage is composed of components which are pure natural, unique in flavor and obvious in effects on human health,and has extremely strong anti-oxidation capability and the functions of resisting fatigue, supplementing nutrients, refreshing mind, soothing nerves, providing energy and building up the body.