The invention relates to a poplar sheet material surface layer reinforcement method and belongs to the technical field of sheet material reinforcement. The poplar sheet material surface layer reinforcement method comprises the following steps of 1, sheet material preparation, 2, surface polishing, 3, surface layer softening, 4, surface layer compression and 5, stabilization treatment. Raw poplar is divided into sheet materials having a certain thickness by sawing, the sheet materials are subjected to surface polishing, the sheet materials subjected to surface polishing are subjected to softening treatment, the softened sheet materials are fast put into a compressor, the sheet materials are subjected to surface layer compression, and the compression-molded sheet materials are subjected to stabilization treatment. The poplar sheet material surface layer reinforcement method has the advantages that 1, only a surface layer having the thickness of 2-3mm is compressed, a sheet material yield is high, and resources are saved, 2, optimal properties are obtained in shortest time by a lowest cost, and 3, the poplar sheet material surface layer reinforcement method opens a novel approach for poplar value-added application and high-efficiency utilization.