The invention discloses a contrast medium for fluorescent-magnetic resonance dual-mode targeting biological imaging and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps that 1, a chelating agent and a compound containing Gd3+ react in water to obtain a Gd3+ chelate solution; 2, citric acid and polyethyleneimine are dissolved into water, and then the Gd3+ chelate solution is added to be mixed; 3, the mixture obtained in the step 2 is dissolved and evaporated to dryness repeatedly, centrifuging is performed on the dissolved and dried products, a supernate is taken for dialysis in water to obtain a dialysis solution, and a dialysis solution is subjected to freeze-drying, and Gd doped carbon dots are obtained. Meanwhile, the invention further discloses a contrast medium for fluorescent-magnetic resonance dual-mode targeting biological imaging. The contrast medium is synthetized in an environment-friendly mode, is low in gadolinium content, promotes surface functionalization, and has the quite high longitudinal relaxation rate and the fluorescence quantum yield, and the good biological compatibility and blood compatibility.