209results about How to "Good energy resolution" patented technology

A detector (64) for detection of ionizing radiation, and an apparatus for use in planar beam radiography, including the detector (64). The detector (64) includes a chamber filled with an ionizable gas; first and second electrode arrangements (2, 1, 18, 19) provided in the chamber with a space between them, the space including a conversion volume (13); an electron avalanche amplification unit (17) arranged in the chamber; and, at least one arrangement of read-out elements (15) for detecting of electron avalanches. A radiation entrance is provided so that radiation enters the conversion volume between the first and second electrode arrangements. In order to achieve detectors which are simple to stack with each other, the first and second electrode arrangements exhibit a first and a second main plane, said planes being non-parallel. This permits stacked detectors to be manufactured simply and cost effectively.

A semiconductor radiation detector is provided for improved performance of pixels at the outer region of the crystal tile. The detector includes a semiconductor single crystal substrate with two major planar opposing surfaces separated by a substrate thickness. A cathode electrode covers one of the major surfaces extending around the sides of the substrate a fraction of the substrate thickness and insulated on the side portions by an insulating encapsulant. An exemplary example is given using Cadmium Zinc Telluride semiconductor, gold electrodes, and Humiseal encapsulant, with the side portions of the cathode extending approximately 40-60 percent of the substrate thickness. The example with CZT allows use of monolithic CZT detectors in X-ray and Gamma-ray applications at high bias voltage. The shielding electrode design is demonstrated to significantly improve gamma radiation detection of outer pixels of the array, including energy resolution and photopeak counting efficiency. The detector has performance of detector leakage current density less than 6 nA / mm2 at a bias potential of substantially 1400V, and responsive to gamma radiation such that the energy resolution full width half maximum of more than 90% of the pixels is less than 6%.

An intraoperative probe system for preferentially detecting beta radiation over gamma radiation emitted from a radiopharmaceutical is described. In one embodiment, the probe system of the present invention is a probe having an ion-implanted silicon charged-particle detector for generating an electrical signal in response to received beta particles. In such an embodiment, a preamplifier may be located in close proximity to the detector filters and amplifies the electrical signal. Furthermore, a wire may be used to couple the probe to a processing unit for amplifying and filtering the electrical signal, and a counter may be utilized to analyze the resulting electrical signal to determine the number of beta particles being received by the detector. Alternatively, the wire can be replaced with an infrared or radio transmitter and receiver for wireless operation of the probe.

The present invention relates to quaternary compound scintillators and related devices and methods. The scintillators may include, for example, a quaternary compound, the quaternary compound having a first position, a second position, a third position, a fourth position; wherein the first position is Cs; the second position is Li; the third position is La or Lu; and the fourth position is Cl, Br, or I. In certain embodiments, the scintillator composition can further include a single dopant or mixture of dopants.

Li-containing scintillator compositions, as well as related structures and methods are described. Radiation detection systems and methods are described which include a Cs2LiLn Halide scintillator composition.

An X-ray detector (401, 501, 601) has a detecting element that comprises a semiconductor heterostructure where an undoped Germanium layer (402, 502) is enclosed between two oppositely doped Gallium Arsenide layers (403, 404, 503, 505).

Lutetium gadolinium halide scintillators, devices and methods, including a composition having the formula LuxGd(1-x)Halide and a dopant.

The present invention relates to scintillator compositions and related devices and methods. The scintillator compositions may include, for example, a scintillation compound and a dopant, the scintillation compound having the formula x1-x2-x3-x4 and x1 is Cs; x2 is Na; x3 is La, Gd, or Lu; and x4 is Br or I. In certain embodiments, the scintillator composition can include a single dopant or mixture of dopants.

The present invention concerns scintillator compositions comprising gadolinium halide and a dopant. The gadolinium halide and dopant material (e.g., GdI3:Ce) has surprisingly good characteristics including high light output, high gamma-ray stopping efficiency, fast response, low cost, good proportionality, and minimal afterglow, thereby making the material useful for various applications including, for example, gamma-ray spectroscopy, medical imaging, nuclear and high energy physics research, diffraction, non-destructive testing, nuclear treaty verification and safeguards, and geological exploration. The timing resolution of the scintillators of the present invention also provides compositions suitable for use in imaging applications, such as positron emission tomography (e.g., time-of-flight PET) and CT imaging.

A method is disclosed for operating a counting digital X-ray image detector. Each pixel element and / or each pixel cluster is embodied as switchable between a first counting mode and a second counting mode that is different from the first. An at least first count of the number and / or energy of the events in an at least first time interval is performed for each pixel element or each pixel cluster in the first counting mode. An evaluation of the at least first count of the number and / or energy of the events is performed in an evaluation unit of the X-ray image detector. A switchover to the second counting mode is performed as a function of the number and / or energy of the events, and a second count of the number and / or energy of events counted within an at least second time interval is performed in the chosen second counting mode.

The present invention relates to a set of multi-doped cerium-activated scintillation materials of the solid solutions on the basis of the rare earth silicate, comprising lutetium and having compositions represented by the chemical formulas: (Lu2−w−x+2yAwCexSi1−y)1−zMexJjOq and (Lu2−w−x−2yAwCexSi1+y)1−zMezJjOq. The invention is useful for detection of elementary particles and nuclei in high-energy physics, nuclear industry; medicine, Positron Emission Tomography (TOF PET and DOI PET scanners) and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), Positron Emission Tomography with Magnetic Resonance imaging (PET / MR); X-ray computer fluorography; non-destructive testing of solid state structure, including airport security systems, the Gamma-ray systems for the inspection of trucks and cargo containers.

A detector for detection of ionizing radiation, an apparatus for use in planar beam radiography, comprising such a detector, and a method for detecting ionizing radiation. The detector includes a chamber filled with an ionizable medium, at least one first electrode arrangement provided in said chamber where said at least one first electrode arrangement includes an electron avalanche amplification unit, said electron avalanche amplification unit including at least one avalanche cathode and at least one avalanche anode between which a voltage is to be applied for creation of an electric field for avalanche amplification, and at least one arrangement of read-out elements for detection of electron avalanches, wherein said at least one avalanche cathode has at least one hole or opening, wherein an area of said at least one hole or opening in the avalanche cathode is bigger than an area of at least one associated anode as seen from above and where said at least one anode is centered with respect to said at least one hole or opening in the avalanche cathode. A radiation entrance is provided so that radiation enters the conversion volume between the first and second electrode arrangements. In order to achieve well-defined avalanches, the electron avalanche amplification unit includes avalanche regions. The detector, apparatus and method is advantageous since it prevents the formation of harmful sparks.

A new inorganic scintillating material is provided represented by the formula Ln(1-m-n)HfnCemA(3+n), where A is Br or Cl, or I, or a mixture of at least two halogens of the group, Ln is an element from the group: La, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Lu, Y. A new crystal scintillator is also provided represented by the formula Ln(1-m)CemA3:n.Hf4+, where Ln(1-m)CemA3 represents the chemical composition of the matrix material, A is Br, or Cl, or I, or a mixture of at least two halogens from the group, Ln is an element from the group: La, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Lu, Y; Hf4+ is a dopant. A radiation detector comprising a scintillating element based on the novel inorganic scintillating material is also provided.

Apparatus and methods for measuring radiation in a borehole environment using a YAlO3:Ce (YAP) scintillation crystal. Borehole instruments are disclosed which employ a gamma ray detector comprising a YAP scintillator coupled to a light sensing means such as a photomultiplier tube. One instrument embodiment combines a YAP scintillation detector and a source of pulsed neutrons. Borehole environs are irradiated with neutrons, and induced gamma radiation is measured using a YAP scintillation detector. Response of the detector is used to determine characteristics of the borehole environs. Mechanical and physical properties of YAP are utilized to obtain improved measurements. The relatively short light decay constant of YAP minimized pulse pile-up in the detector when measurements require that the detector be operated during a neutron pulse.

The invention discloses an industrialized thick GEM (Gaseous Electron Multiplier) manufacturing method, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing positioning and connecting holes in a thick GEM original plate; (2) covering the thick GEM original plate treated by the step (1) with a corrosion resistant layer; (3) transferring the design image to the thick GEM original plate treated by the step (2); (4) preparing thick GEM holes in the thick GEM original plate treated by the step (3); (5) preparing insulating rings for all thick GEM holes; and (6) removing the corrosion resistant layer on the thick GEM original plate. The performance can be further improved by plating a gold layer on the thick GEM original plate treated by the step (6). According to the industrialized thick GEM manufacturing method, low-cost, short-period, large-area and high-yield industrialized whole assembly line batch production of the domestic thick GEM original plate is realized; the produced thick GEM has high gain and good gain stability and energy resolution, is ignition-resistant and can work in various argon-based and neon-based mixed gases.

The present invention relates to quaternary compound scintillators and related devices and methods. The scintillators may include, for example, a quaternary compound, the quaternary compound having a first position, a second position, a third position, a fourth position; wherein the first position is Cs; the second position is Li; the third position is La or Lu; and the fourth position is Cl, Br, or I. In certain embodiments, the scintillator composition can further include a single dopant or mixture of dopants.

The invention relates to a method and a pulse processing circuit (100) for the processing of current pulses (CP) generated by incident photons (X) in a piece of converter material, for instance in a pixel (11) of a radiation detector. Deviations of the pulse shape from a reference are detected and used to identify pulse corruption due to pile-up effects at high count rates and / or charge sharing between neighboring pixels. The deviation detection may for instance be achieved by generating, with a pulse shaper (110), bipolar shaped pulses from the current pulse (CP) and / or two shaped pulses of different shapes which can be compared to each other.

A small anode germanium well (SAGe well) radiation detector system / method providing for low capacitance, short signal leads, small area bottom-oriented signal contacts, enhanced performance independent of well diameter, and ability to determine radiation directionality is disclosed. The system incorporates a P-type bulk germanium volume (PGEV) having an internal well cavity void (IWCV). The external PGEV and IWCV surfaces incorporate an N+ electrode except for the PGEV external base region (EBR) in which a P+ contact electrode is fabricated within an isolation region. The PGEV structure is further encapsulated to permit operation at cryogenic temperatures. Electrical connection to the SAGe well is accomplished by bonding or mechanical contacting to the P+ contact electrode and the N+ electrode. The EBR of the PGEV may incorporate an integrated preamplifier inside the vacuum housing to minimize the noise and gain change due to ambient temperature variation.

A process for fabricating a crystalline scintillator material with an elpasolite structure that has a theoretical composition of A2BC(1-y)MyX(6-y) can include conducting crystallization by cooling from a melt bath including r moles of A and s moles of B. A is chosen from Cs, Rb, K, and Na. B is chosen from Li, K, and Na. C is chosen from athe rare earth elements, Al, and Ga. M is chosen from the alkaline earth elements. X is chosen from F, Cl, Br, and I, and y represents the atomic fraction of substitution of C by M and is in the range extending from 0 to 0.05. The melt bath can be in contact with the material containing A and B in such a way that 2s / r is above 1. The process shows an improved fabrication yield. The crystals formed therefrom can have improved scintillation properties.

The present invention deals with a Multigrid High Pressure Gas Proportional Scintillation Counter for the detection of ionizing radiation such as X-rays, gamma-rays, electrons or other charged leptons, alpha-particles or other charged particles as well as neutrons, which gives information about the energy dissipated in the gas and the time of occurrence of the detection, through an electronic pulse with an amplitude approximately proportional to that energy. It is essentially characterized by:having external metallic walls (1) at ground potential,being filled at a pressure in the 1-100 atmosphere range with a pure noble gas and / or continuously purified, or in mixtures,having: a reflective CsI photocathode (7); four metallic grids: G1 (2), G2 (3), G3 (4) and G4 (5) made of thin wire and with high optical transmission, superior to 70%, defining five regions delimited by these grids (2, 3, 4, 5), by the entrance radiation window (6) and by the photocathode (7),having the high voltages of the several grids applied through feedthroughs (9), producing appropriate electric fields in the several regions of the detector, that do not vary with the time.

A particle beam device and a method for operation of a particle beam device are disclosed. The particle beam device has a sample chamber, a sample arranged in the sample chamber, a first particle beam column, a second particle beam column and at least one detector arranged in a first cavity in a first hollow body. The first cavity has a first inlet opening. The first particle beam column and the second particle beam column are arranged on one plane, while the detector is not arranged on that plane. At least one control electrode is arranged on the first particle beam column. The second particle beam column has a terminating electrode. A first hollow body voltage, a control electrode voltage and / or a terminating electrode voltage are / is chosen such that first interaction particles and / or second interaction particles enter the first cavity in the first hollow body through the first inlet opening.

A cerium-activated brominated rare earth scintillant and method for preparing same belongs to the scintillating materials field. The scintillant in the invention uses brominated rare earth compound or mixture thereof as the substrate and halogen cerium compound or mixture thereof except for bromine as the activating agent. The chemical formula of the scintillant is (1-a)ReBr3.aCeX3, wherein Re is one of or mixture of two to four of lanthanum, gadolinium, lutecium and yttrium, X is one or mixture of two to three of F, Cl and I and a is the moore percentage of CeX3, 0 C09K 11 / 85 4 20 3 2007 / 6 / 1 101054522 2007 / 10 / 17 000000000 Beijing Glass Research Institute Beijing 100062 Zhang Mingrong Zhang Chunsheng Ge Yuncheng Guo Jianjun Fan Yuhong Lu Hong Ding Xiaodong Zhang Hongmei hewen ban 11138 San-gao Patent Agency Room 111, the East Building 1, No.17, the West Road of Beisanhuan, Beijing 100088

The invention relates to a method and a pulse processing circuit (100) for the processing of current pulses (CP) generated by incident photons (X) in a piece of converter material, for instance in a pixel (11) of a radiation detector. Deviations of the pulse shape from a reference are detected and used to identify pulse corruption due to pile-up effects at high count rates and / or charge sharing between neighboring pixels. The deviation detection may for instance be achieved by generating, with a pulse shaper (110), bipolar shaped pulses from the current pulse (CP) and / or two shaped pulses of different shapes which can be compared to each other.

The present invention relates to a radiation detection device for detecting gamma or x-ray radiation quanta with improved timing accuracy and improved energy resolution. The radiation detection device finds application in the detection of gamma and x-ray radiation and may be used in the field of PET imaging, and in spectral CT. The radiation detection device includes a semiconductor scintillator element and a photodetector. The photodetector is in optical communication with the scintillator element. The scintillator element has two mutually opposing faces; a cathode is in electrical communication with one of the two faces and an anode is in electrical communication with the other of the two faces.

The present invention belongs to the field of scintillation material, in particular, it relates to a cerium halide scintillation crystal and its preparation method. Said crystal composition is CeX3, in which X is mixture of elements of halogen family, especially it is mixture of bromine, chlorine and iodine. It is made up by utilizing sealed quartz crucible atmosphere lowering method growth technique.

Gray-tone lithography technology is used in combination with a reactive plasma etching operation in the fabrication method and system of a thick semiconductor drift detector. The thick semiconductor drift detector is based on a trench array, where the trenches in the trench array penetrate the bulk with different depths. These trenches form an electrode. By applying different electric potentials to the trenches in the trench array, the silicon between neighboring trenches fully depletes. Furthermore, the applied potentials cause a drifting field for generated charge carriers, which are directed towards a collecting electrode.

The invention relates to a method for producing a radiation detector used to detect ionizing radiation including a first inorganic-organic halide Perovskite material (24) as a direct converter material and / or as a scintillator material in a detector layer and to a radiation detector comprising a detector layer (24) produced by means of the steps of the method. In order to provide an approach for producing a thick layer (e.g. above 10 μιη) of Perovskite material suitable for a radiation detector, it is proposed to grow the material selectively on a seeding layer (23), yielding in a thick polycrystalline layer. One suitable seeding layer (23) to grow lead Perovskite material is made of a bromide Perovskite material.

Li-containing scintillator compositions, as well as related structures and methods are described. Radiation detection systems and methods are described which include a Cs2LiLn Halide scintillator composition.

The invention provides a rare earth halide scintillating material and application thereof. The general chemical formula of the rare earth halide scintillating material is REaCebX3, wherein RE is a rare earth element La, Gd, Lu or Y, X is one or two of halogens Cl, Br and I, a is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1.0, b is more than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 1.1, and the sum of a and b is more than or equal to 1.0001 and less than or equal to 1.2. A rare earth halide having a +2 valence and with the same component is used as a doping agent to replace a heterogeneous alkaline earth metal halide in the prior art for doping, and therefore, the rare earth halide scintillating material is relatively short of halogen ions, the apparent valence of the rare earth ions is between +2 and +3, the rare earth halide scintillating material belongs to a non-stoichiometric compound, but the crystal structure of the original stoichiometric compound is still maintained, and the rare earth halide scintillating material has more excellent energy resolution and energy response linearity than the stoichiometric compound.

The invention belongs to the radiation monitoring technology field and discloses a dose rate survey meter based on dual hemisphere tellurium zinc cadmium detector and dual preamplifier. The dose rate survey meter includes a detector system, a signal processing system and a control circuit system. The detector system comprises two hemispherical CZT crystals, a preamplifier and a circuit board. The control circuit system comprises a high voltage power supply module, a low voltage power supply module, a portable module power supply and a battery management chip. The signal processing system comprises a plurality of digital channels with two channels, a signal processing software, a liquid crystal touch screen and a computer. The dose rate survey meter can achieve high resolution and high detection efficiency.