797 results about "Particle detector" patented technology

The invention provides use of one or more emitted beams of radiation (16), for example, laser beam(s), in combination with an image capturing means (14), for example, one or more video cameras and / or optical elements to detect particles (30), for example smoke particles, located in an open space (12).

A device and system for monitoring the condition of an electrical outlet such as a 110 volt or 220 volt outlet to alert a user to a dangerous situation and to interrupt power to the circuit in the event of the dangerous condition. The device monitors the circuit for degradation to the electrical outlet. The system can include a temperature sensor voltage meter or particle detector (smoke detector) connected with a power outlet. When a parameter of a circuit exceed a predetermined level (indicating the outlet has degraded to an unsafe level) a warning can be reported and if necessary power to the device can be adjusted or interrupted.

A sensing probe may be formed of a diamond material comprising one or more spin defects that are configured to emit fluorescent light and are located no more than 50 nm from a sensing surface of the sensing probe. The sensing probe may include an optical outcoupling structure formed by the diamond material and configured to optically guide the fluorescent light toward an output end of the optical outcoupling structure. An optical detector may detect the fluorescent light that is emitted from the spin defects and that exits through the output end of the optical outcoupling structure after being optically guided therethrough. A mounting system may hold the sensing probe and control a distance between the sensing surface of the sensing probe and a surface of a sample while permitting relative motion between the sensing surface and the sample surface.

A domestic water recycling system using a combination of an optical detector to detect certain smaller sized (non-filtered) contaminants and a filter to remove larger sized (filtered) contaminants provides an efficient wastewater recycling system. Optical detection of contaminants determines whether water is discharged or filtered and recycled. The optical detection system can use several discrete optical wavelengths that are passed through the fluid, and can determine a relative presence of the contaminants based on the resulting wavelength response. A recycling shower using optical detection, an electronically actuated directional device and pump and a controller allows for automatic recycling or discharging of water without requiring user input. The system may include a turbulence reduction baffle in a collection chamber, and a disinfection unit for the recycled water.

The present subject matter relates to methods of high-speed analysis of product samples during production of the product. Light is directed to a portion of a product under analysis and reflected from or transmitted through the product toward optical detectors. Signals from the optical detectors are compared to determine characteristics of the product under analysis. Temperature within the monitoring system may be monitored in order to provide compensation for the signals produced by the optical detectors. The products under analysis may be stationary, moved by an inspection point by conveyor or other means, or may be contained within a container, the container including a window portion through which the product illuminating light may pass.

The invention relates to a vehicle collision warning system based on optical communication, which comprises optical indicators and optical detectors and is used for the safety monitoring and the information interaction among running vehicles. The optical indicators are distributed around or on the top of a vehicle and can transmit modulated optical signals in different directions, wherein the optical signals carry the angle indication information, mounting position information and other information of the vehicle which are corresponding to the optical signals, thereby forming optical antennae. The optical detectors mounted on another vehicle can detect optical pulse signals transmitted by a certain light emitting diode (LED) of the optical indicators and then extract the carried indication angle information, mounting position information and the like; and a processing unit of the optical detector analyzes and processes the information, estimates whether an abnormal running state exists based on the change rate of light indication angle, the change rate of light intensity and the like, and outputs the result to other systems of the vehicle by a controller.

A solid-state detector for detection of neutron and alpha particles detector and methods for manufacturing and use thereof are described. The detector has an active region formed of a polycrystalline semiconductor compound comprising a particulate semiconductor material sensitive to neutron and alpha particles radiation imbedded in a binder. The particulate semiconductor material contains at least one element sensitive to neutron and alpha particles radiation, selected from a group including 10Boron, 6Lithium, 113Cadmium, 157Gadolinium and 199Mercury. The semiconductor compound is sandwiched between an electrode assembly configured to detect the neutron and alpha particles interacting with the bulk of the active region. The binder can be either an organic polymer binder or inorganic binder. The organic polymer binder comprises at least one polymer that can be selected from the group comprising polystyrene, polypropylene, Humiseal™ and Nylon-6. The inorganic binder can be selected from B2O3, PbO / B2O3 / , Bi2O3 / PbO, Borax glass, Bismuth Borate glass and Boron Oxide based glass.

An electronic imaging device (27) includes an optical objective (28) for collecting optical radiation from an object, the objective having an optical axis, and an image sensor (24), including a matrix of optical detectors arranged in a plane that is substantially non-perpendicular to the optical axis, the image sensor having a lateral dimension in the plane. A turning mirror (38) has an optical surface that is positioned so as to reflect the radiation collected by the objective in order to form a focused image in the plane of the image sensor, while a maximum distance from the optical surface to the plane of the image sensor is substantially less than the lateral dimension of the image sensor.

Apparatus, systems, and methods for monitoring the processing of a workpiece that includes directing an incident laser beam onto the workpiece and using an optical detector for measuring a signal emitted from the workpiece as a result of the incident laser beam. The detector generates at least two signals based upon the optical signal. The method also involves use of a light source monitor in determining workpiece processing quality based upon the quotient of the two outputs as well as a magnitude of one of the two quotients.

The system includes an excitation source for providing a beam of electromagnetic radiation having a source wavelength. A first wavelength selective device is positioned to be impinged by the beam of electromagnetic radiation. The first wavelength selective device is constructed to transmit at least a portion of any radiation having the source wavelength and to reflect radiation of other wavelengths. A medium containing particles is positioned to be impinged by the beam of electromagnetic radiation. At least a portion of the beam of electromagnetic radiation becomes scattered within the medium, the scattered electromagnetic radiation including forward scattered electromagnetic radiation and backward scattered electromagnetic radiation. An optical detector is positioned to receive backward and / or forward scattered electromagnetic radiation.

An improved optical sensor and methods for measuring the presence of various materials or constituents in a fluid sample uses reactive material(s) in a fluid environment. The reactive materials have optical properties that change in the presence of a target material that may be present in the environment. An optical emitter generates light that is directed to the reactive materials, and one or more optical detectors receive reflected light from one or more interfaces in the optical path between the emitter and the detector(s), one or more of the interfaces having a reactive material. The reactive material(s), emitter(s), and detector(s) are selected based on the desired target material to be sensed.

The invention discloses an optical detector based on two-dimensional stratiform atomic crystal materials. The optical detector comprises a silicon substrate coated with silica, a first graphene conducting layer, a two-dimensional stratiform atomic crystal semiconductor material layer and a second graphene conducting layer are sequentially coated on the silicon substrate coated with the silica in a superposition mode, and the first graphene conducting layer and the second graphene conducting layer respectively form heterogeneous structures with the two-dimensional stratiform atomic crystal semiconductor material layer. One end of the first graphene conducting layer and one end of the second graphene conducting layer are provided with a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer respectively, and the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer have no any overlapping, and the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are arranged outside an overlapping area of the first graphene conducting layer, the second graphene conducting layer and the two-dimensional stratiform atomic crystal semiconductor material layer at the same time. A passivation layer is respectively arranged above each layer. The optical detector based on the two-dimensional stratiform atomic crystal materials utilizes the two-dimensional stratiform atomic crystal materials, has the operating characteristics that detection spectrum range is wide, response speed is fast and cut-off frequency is high, and has the characteristics that spectral responsivity of a device is high and extraction of a photon-generated carrier is simple.

In one form the present invention provides an apparatus in an airflow path before a particle detector, wherein the apparatus removes a substantially constant proportion of all sizes of airborne particles from the airflow over time. In an example the apparatus includes a flow splitting arrangement configured to divide a fluid flow into a plurality of sub-flows, the splitting arrangement 10 including means for defining a plurality of substantially identically dimensioned flow apertures configured to direct a portion of the fluid into a respective sub-flow.

We describe the preparation and characterization of two zinc hybrid luminescent structures based on the flexible and emissive linker molecule, trans-(4-R,4′-R′) stilbene, where R and R′ are mono- or poly-coordinating groups, which retain their luminescence within these solid materials. For example, reaction of trans-4,4′-stilbenedicarboxylic acid and zinc nitrate in the solvent dimethylformamide (DMF) yielded a dense 2-D network featuring zinc in both octahedral and tetrahedral coordination environments connected by trans-stilbene links. Similar reaction in diethylformamide (DEF) at higher temperatures resulted in a porous, 3-D framework structure consisting of two interpenetrating cubic lattices, each featuring basic to zinc carboxylate vertices joined by trans-stilbene, analogous to the isoreticular MOF (IRMOF) series. We demonstrate that the optical properties of both embodiments correlate directly with the local ligand environments observed in the crystal structures. We further demonstrate that these materials produce high luminescent response to proton radiation and high radiation tolerance relative to prior scintillators. These features can be used to create sophisticated scintillating detection sensors.

The invention discloses a space particle detector and a data collecting and processing method thereof. The space particle detector comprises a semi-closed structure with an incidence window. A part energy detection unit SD1, an energy detection unit SD2 and an anticoincidence detection unit SD3 are sequentially arranged in the semi-closed structure along the incidence window inwards. The part energy detection unit SD1, the energy detection unit SD2 and the anticoincidence detection unit SD3 are arranged in parallel, and the center of the part energy detection unit SD1, the center of the energy detection unit SD2 and the center of the anticoincidence detection unit SD3 are located on the same axis. The signal output end of the part energy detection unit SD1, the signal output end of the energy detection unit SD2 and the signal output end of the anticoincidence detection unit SD3 are connected with a data processing unit. The data processing unit is used for judging particle varieties and energy ranges according to input signals. The detector is suitable for space particle detection and low in energy consumption; charged particles and uncharged particles can be detected, the different particles are distinguished, the incident energy ranges of the particles are judged, and the data of the detector are processed in real time and downloaded in real time.

The invention provides methods and apparatus for enhanced PCI and dual-use radiation imaging systems. In one implementation high resolution storage phosphor plate radiation detector (an area detector) is employed for conventional attenuation radiation imaging and / or PCI (including conventional PCI and coded aperture PCI). Slit and slot scan implementations for dual-use systems are introduced. Dedicated single and dual-use slit and slot scan system for conventional attenuation imaging and PCI are described that employ face-on or edge-on detectors. Slit and slot scan systems that employ area detectors are described. Edge-on, structured cell detector designs are described. Applications of edge-on structured cell detectors for CT, Nuclear Medicine, PET, and probe detectors are described.

A dual beam system includes an ion beam system and a scanning electron microscope with a magnetic objective lens. The ion beam system is adapted to operate optimally in the presence of the magnetic field from the SEM objective lens, so that the objective lens is not turned off during operation of the ion beam. An optional secondary particle detector and an optional charge neutralization flood gun are adapted to operate in the presence of the magnetic field. The magnetic objective lens is designed to have a constant heat signature, regardless of the strength of magnetic field being produced, so that the system does not need time to stabilize when the magnetic field is changed.

An optical touch apparatus includes a light source, light guide unit, and optical detector. The light source next to the display area emits a beam. The light guide unit next to the display area and in the transmission path of the beam includes a light guide body and a Lambertian scattering structure. The light guide body has first, second, third, fourth, and light incident surfaces. The beam enters the light guide body through the light incident surface and is transmitted from the first surface to a sensing space in front of the display area. The Lambertian scattering structure is disposed on at least one of the second, third, and fourth surfaces for scattering the beam to the first surface. The optical detector next to the display area senses a change in light intensity of the beam in the sensing space. An optical touch display apparatus is also provided.

An intraoperative probe system for preferentially detecting beta radiation over gamma radiation emitted from a radiopharmaceutical is described. In one embodiment, the probe system of the present invention is a probe having an ion-implanted silicon charged-particle detector for generating an electrical signal in response to received beta particles. In such an embodiment, a preamplifier may be located in close proximity to the detector filters and amplifies the electrical signal. Furthermore, a wire may be used to couple the probe to a processing unit for amplifying and filtering the electrical signal, and a counter may be utilized to analyze the resulting electrical signal to determine the number of beta particles being received by the detector. Alternatively, the wire can be replaced with an infrared or radio transmitter and receiver for wireless operation of the probe.

A beam detector (10) including a light source (32), a receiver (34), and a target (36), acting in co-operation to detect particles in a monitored area (38). The target (36), reflects incident light (40), resulting in reflected light (32) being returned to receiver (34). The receiver (34) is a receiver is capable of recording and reporting light intensity at a plurality of points across its field of view. In the preferred form the detector (10) emits a first light beam (3614) in a first wavelength band; a second light beam (3618) in a second wavelength band; and a third light beam (3616) in a third wavelength band, wherein the first and second wavelengths bands are substantially equal and are different to the third wavelength band.

A two-dimensional ionising particle detector including a matrix of detecting fibers, each detecting fiber forming a pixel of the detector. Each detecting fiber is composed of a glass capillary filled with a liquid scintillator for which the chemical composition is chosen such that an average free path of primary scintillation photons is negligible compared with a diameter of the capillary. The detector is applicable, for example, to high resolution particle imagery.

A method and apparatus for generating random numbers. Events characteristic of a random process are registered, and a particular time segment, from among a set of time segments, is identified based upon registration of an event within that time segment, and a value is associated based on the identified time segment. The events may be detections of a particle by a particle detector such as a photon detector. A random number is outputted based at least upon the associated value. Outputting of the random numbers may be followed by a whitening process. The source of particles may be driven to provided various specified probability distributions of values.

The invention provides use of one or more emitted beams of radiation (16), for example, laser beam(s), in combination with an image capturing means (14), for example, one or more video cameras and / or optical elements to detect particles (30), for example smoke particles, located in an open space (12).

The invention relates to a multidirectional high energy particle detector. The detector includes a direction sensor which includes semiconductor detectors, the semiconductor detectors are staggeredly arranged in four rows on a side cylinder of a cylindrical pedestal which has a semi-circular cross section, and the semiconductor detectors are positioned with an interval angle of 11.25 degrees; a high energy electron spectrum sensor which includes three different conductor detectors; a high energy particle spectrum sensor which includes three different semiconductor detectors; main amplifiers; peak value retainers; ADC collection circuits; an FPGA processing chip; wherein the output terminals of preposing amplifiers are connected with the corresponding output terminals of the main amplifiers respectively via forming circuits, the output terminals of main discharge circuits are connected with the corresponding output terminals of the peak value retainers respectively, the output terminals of the peak value retainers are connected with the corresponding output terminals of the ADC collection circuits respectively, and the output terminals of the ADC collection circuits are connected with the output terminal of the FPGA processing chip after the analog-digital conversion. The detector detects the flux of the high energy particle along a 180 degrees sector direction, and also detects the power spectrum of the high energy particle along a vertical sector direction.

An embedded flight sensor system having a laser and one or more flight sensors in optical communication with the laser plus a data processing device in optical communication with the flight sensors. The flight sensors may be laser based optical components such as a fiber Bragg grating in combination with an optical detector, a spectroscopy grating and detector or an optical detector associated with catch optics. The parameters sensed by the flight sensors may be used to determine any flight parameter. Representative flight parameters include but are not limited to an airframe or external surface temperature, airstream velocity, combustion zone temperature, engine inlet temperature, a gas concentration or a shock front position.

A particle counter (10) passes a sample stream of a carrier gas or fluid containing particles (72) through an elongated, flattened nozzle (16) and into a view volume (18) formed by an intersection of the sample stream and a laser beam (13). Particles entrained in the sample stream scatter light rays while passing through the view volume. The scattered light is collected by an optical system (26) and focused on to a detector (40). The magnitude of signal coming from the detector is indicative of the particle size. To correct for variances in particle velocity and light beam intensity across the view volume, flow aperturing is used. Flow aperture modeling (Eqs. 1-7) provides a format for designing the nozzle such that the lateral velocity profile matches the laser beam lateral intensity profile, thereby providing uniform detection sensitivity to laser light scattered from monodisperse particles distributed laterally across the view volume. Uniform detection sensitivity of monodisperse particles provides accurate particle sizing resolution.

An optical system for performing a spectral analysis of test samples is provided. The optical system comprises a photonic energy source, an optical emission processing system, a received light optical processing system, an optical detector and a digital signal processing system. The optical emission processing system transmits one or more illumination wavelengths to a test sample. The received light optical processing system collects and isolates one or more wavelengths received from the test sample and transmits them to an optical detector. The optical detector converts the isolated one or more wavelengths of received electromagnetic radiation into an electrical signal which is transmitted to the digital signal processing system. The digital signal processing system performs matched filtering of the electrical signal received from the optical detector and additionally controls the functionality of the photonic energy source, the optical emission processing system and the received light optical processing system.

A lithographic apparatus and method in which an illumination system supplies a projection beam, a patterning system imparts to the beam a pattern in its cross section, and a projection system projects the patterned beam onto a target portion of a substrate. The projection system comprises an array of lenses spaced from the substrate such that each lens in the array focuses part of the patterned beam onto the substrate. A displacement system causes displacement between the lens array and the substrate. A particle detector detects particles on the substrate which are approaching the lens array. A free working distance control system increases the spacing between the lens array and the substrate in response to detection of a particle. The lens array is moved away from the substrate as the detected particle passes the lens array. Thus damage to the lens array can be avoided.