The invention discloses a physical unclonability-based RFID lightweight class authentication method, uses a PUF, a linear feedback shift register (LFSR), and XOR operation to perform processing, a label has small hardware requirements, cost is relatively low, the operation amount is small, and the method is resistant to various attacks including replay attack, impersonation attack, message stop attack, synchronization attack, wiretapping attack, physical attack, and label cloning, thereby effectively realizing forward security, and protecting privacy of a user. At the same time, through bidirectional authentication between a label and a reader, balance between efficiency and security is realized, hardware cost is well given consideration to, and thus the method is suitable for use of lowcost labels, and has relatively large practicability.