The invention relates to the field of centrifugal pump hydraulic optimization. The invention aims to provide a prediction and optimization method for an efficient working condition area range of a centrifugal pump impeller. According to the method, on the premise that the maximum efficiency point of the centrifugal pump is not changed, factors of energy loss and pressure pulsation of the centrifugal pump impeller are fully considered, an efficient working condition area of the centrifugal pump impeller is accurately predicted, and design parameters of the centrifugal pump impeller are optimized according to the efficient working condition area, so that the application range of the centrifugal pump is expanded, the operation stability of the centrifugal pump is improved, resources are saved, and the centrifugal pump is more economical. According to the technical scheme, the method for predicting and optimizing the efficient working condition area range of the centrifugal pump impeller comprises the following steps of (1) modeling and meshing, (2) CFX simulation verification, (3) vortex structure extraction, (4) energy loss analysis, (5) pressure pulsation analysis, (6) efficient working condition area prediction and (7) centrifugal pump impeller design parameter optimization.