A powdered rock phosphate oxygen-enriched binder is characterized in that on a weight basis, a drug is prepared by rare earth elements, sodium chloride, calcium chloride, zinc chloride, sodium carbonate, and potassium carbonate; according to a ratio of the drug:montmorillonite=1:2.80-3.60, a finished product is obtained by mixing, curing, drying, ball milling into powder; wherein the drug is obtained by adding sufficient water in 3%-5% of rare earth elements, 5%-10% of sodium chloride, 5%-10% of calcium chloride, 5%-10% of zinc chloride, 5%-10% of sodium carbonate, and 2-11% of potassium carbonate, and dissolving to obtain liquid with a concentration of 20-45%. The invention is applicable to the bonding of single-element or multi-element ore powder such as powdered rock phosphate, serpentine powder, iron ore powder, manganese ore powder and the like, facilitates pelletization, granulation, and air permeability improvement of material layers, and can increase the heat transfer rate andthe sintering speed; the calcining process of pellets prepared by adding the binder saves fuel by more than 30% per ton product when compared with a crude sintering method; and the P2O5 content is increased by 0.5%-1% when compared with the content of original ore powder.