The invention discloses a production method of ultra-fine, high-strength and high-modulus viscose fibers. The cellulose xanthate polymer spinning viscose which is still in a viscous flow state is provided with viscose ejection holes and coagulation baths respectively. The composite spinneret of the spray hole is sprayed out, and is solidified and formed by a low-acid, high-zinc, low-salt and low-temperature coagulation bath, and then combined with bath stretching and air stretching, and drawn by nozzles with different ratios , inter-disk drafting and plasticizing drafting, and then post-treatment to obtain a fineness of 0.44~0.78dtex, dry strength ≥ 3.1cN / dtex, wet strength ≥ 2.1cN / dtex, wet modulus ≥ 0.5cN / dtex, whiteness ≥82.0% ultra-fine high-strength high-modulus viscose fiber. The invention realizes the effective coordination of the ultrafine denier fiber spinning forming process and drafting, and the normal implementation of the spinning process, and the produced ultrafine high-strength high-modulus viscose fiber has a uniform structure, and the fiber strength and modulus are 50% higher than conventional varieties. %above.