The invention discloses a method for preparing molybdenum ditelluride nanotubes. The method comprises the following steps: 1) laying molybdenum hexacarbonyl to the bottom of a ceramic crucible, layinga porous anodic aluminum oxide mold plate with an opening facing downwards on the molybdenum hexacarbonyl, sealing the ceramic crucible, putting into a tubular furnace, performing low-temperature sublimation deposition in the presence of a gas, and continuously performing heating pyrolysis; 2) cooling the vacuum tubular furnace to the room temperature, putting the mold plate with the opening facing downwards into a ceramic crucible with tellurium powder, sealing the ceramic crucible, heating in the presence of the gas, and enabling a single substance, namely tellurium, to react with a metal,namely molybdenum, directly; 3) removing the excessive aluminum oxide mold plate and excessive tellurium by using a diluted acid solution, performing suction filtration treatment, and drying, therebyobtaining a finished product. The method disclosed by the invention is simple in step, free of environment pollution and free of complex equipment, a molybdenum ditelluride nanotube powder material prepared by using the method is good in size controllability, good in crystallinity and uniform in nanotube wall and morphology, and thus the comprehensive properties of a finished product of the molybdenum ditelluride nanotube powder material are greatly improved. The method is wide in applicability and beneficial to large-scale industrial production.