172results about How to "Uniform loss" patented technology

A method of depositing a thin film having a desired etching characteristic while improving a loss amount and loss uniformity of a lower film includes, on the semiconductor substrate and the pattern structure: a first operation of depositing a portion of the thin film by repeating a first cycle comprising (a1) a source gas supply operation, (b1) a reactant gas supply operation, and (c1) a plasma supply operation for a certain number of times; a second operation of depositing a remaining portion of the thin film by repeating a second cycle comprising (a2) a source gas supply operation, (b2) a reactant gas supply operation, and (c2) a plasma supply operation for a certain number of times after the first operation, wherein a supply time of the source gas supply operation (a1) is longer than a supply time of the source gas supply operation (a2).

The invention discloses an NAND Flash-based data recording method and an NAND Flash-based data recording controller. The method comprises the following methods: a hardware bad block management method comprising the following steps of: when a sudden bad block appears, jumping to a next matched valid block without time delay to continuously record, and finally writing the data lag of a page before the bad block appears back to the jumped valid block; a hardware balance method comprising the following step of: starting the erasing-writing operation in succession to the last erasing-writing address so that the erasing-writing times of each block of the NAND Flash is approximately equal; and an input output (IO) expansion method comprising the following steps of: converting data bit width and switching control signals so that a single NAND Flash driver can control multiple chips and multiple groups of NAND Flashes. The controller comprises a ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM) controller, a top state controller, a loss equalizer, an interface switching module, a pre-matching module, an address generating module, a register set, a data verification module, a standard first in first out (FIFO) interface, a standard static random access memory (SRAM) interface, a command control interface and the NAND Flash driver. The whole controller can be mounted on a processor local bus (PLB) of an embedded processor, and data conversion between a control signal and a state signal can be performed through the command control interface and an external module.

The invention discloses a lithium ion battery management system and a control method thereof, and comprises battery charge and discharge management scheduling, battery information communication and battery life assessment. Adding a battery cell in series or withdrawing the battery cell in a controlled manner is realized by utilizing a switch circuit. Data transmission between series battery cells is realized by utilizing hardware and software forwarding circuits. In a rated charge and discharge condition, through carrying out charge and discharge tests on a lithium ion battery repeatedly, recording charge and discharge times, and voltage curve and battery internal resistance of each charge and discharge operation, constructing a four-dimensional data table, and determining equivalent cycle times and present full charge capacity of the battery by utilizing an interpolation method, an equivalent cycle life of a battery pack is determined. According to the invention, energy transduction devices like an inductance capacitor are not needed, characteristics of batteries in a same battery pack tend to be consistent, a service life of the battery pack is prolonged, overpressure resistant requirements of each component are mitigated, a basic basis of estimating battery full charge capacity and accurate estimation of a battery life is established, and possibility of large scale interchangeability application is provided.

The invention discloses a multi-channel dynamic read-write dispatching method used in solid state drive (SSD). According to the method, a target-passage of write-request is selected according to a rotating dispatching strategy. A read-request sequence of the target-passage is recorded. The write-request delivered by a main machine end is buffered on a write-buffer of the SSD. The read-request sequence of the target-passage is analyzed when the accumulation of data quantity of the write-buffer reaches the designated threshold value. Hot-point data are found. The hot-point data are pre-taken to the write-buffer, thus the hit rate of the read-request is improved. The write-request accumulated by the write-buffer is dispatched to the target-passage and the write-request is carried out. Read-request of line-up wait responds when the write-request is carried out at the same time. At last, the accumulated write-request is completed by carrying out. The multi-channel dynamic read-write dispatching method used in the SSD has the advantages of being balanced in writing of each passage, long in service life of the SSD, small in influence of the write-request to the read-request, small in influence of rubbish recycling to the read-request, and low in read-delay.

The invention discloses a loss balancing method which is based on static data in an NAND flash memory file system. The method divides erase blocks of the whole NAND flash memory into four types: a free block, a clean block, a dirty block and a bad block, and forms four linked lists; the free block linked list links the erasing blocks in accordance with the erasing times from small to large, a threshold TH is set and a block from the free block linked list is selected and datum of A erasing block having the largest erasing times is copied to the free block; then the erasing operation of the A erase block is executed, then datum of B erasing block having the smallest erasing times is copied to the A erasing block; then the B erasing block is put into the dirty block linked list, frequently updated data are stored in the B erasing block after the B erasing block is erased. The invention can balance the erasing times of static data and dynamic data, and the loss balance of the whole flash memory device is obtained.

The invention discloses a method for realizing wear-leveling in storage equipment as well as the storage equipment. The method comprises the following steps: determining that a storage unit has a bad block, recording the corresponding logic address when the bad block occurs in the storage unit which has the bad block, or after the number of recorded erasing times is cleared each time, starting torecord the number of erasing times of the storage unit identified by a physical address corresponding to the logic address currently, wherein the current corresponding relationship between the physical addresses of the storage unit and the logic addresses is stored in the storage equipment; selecting a storage unit from the storage units which do not have bad blocks when the number of recorded erasing times reaches a set threshold, updating the physical address corresponding to the logic address currently into the physical address of the storage unit selected from the storage units which do not have bad blocks; and clearing the number of recorded erasing times. The storage unit with excessive erasing times is effectively prevented from being broken by recording the number of erasing timesof the logic storage unit which has the bad block, so that the service life of the storage equipment is improved.

The invention discloses an equalization circuit based on a Buck-Boost convertor and a bidirectional LC (inductance capacitance) resonant convertor as well as an implementation method. The equalization circuit comprises a microcontroller, the Buck-Boost convertor, the bidirectional LC resonant convertor, an option switch module, an equalization busbar, a battery pack and filter capacitors. According to the equalization circuit, by means of control of output voltage of the Buck-Boost convertor as well as the bidirectional LC resonant convertor, soft switching equalization of Pack to Cell or Cell to Pack can be realized, the equalization circuit has the advantages of high efficiency, simplicity in control, small size, switching loss avoidance, easiness in modularization and the like, and the defect that the traditional Pack to Cell equalization circuit cannot deal with the condition that certain cell in a pack has higher voltage while other cells are in equalization is overcome.

The invention discloses a balanced loss achievement method for NAND FLASH. The balanced loss achievement method for the NAND FLASH comprises a partial balance achievement method and a global balance achievement method. The balanced loss achievement method for the NAND FLASH comprises distributing LOG blocks according to the total number of NAND FLASH blocks and requirements of system performance, aiming at the number of times of erase of each LOG block, preferentially distributing a LOG block which is the smallest in the number of times of erase as a storage block of new data to achieve the partial balance achievement method in the LOG block; and achieving global balance of steps, such as judgment and comparison by recording the LOG blocks which are relatively small in the number of times of erase into a COLD-DATA-POOL. The balanced loss achievement method for the NAND FLASH is capable of effectively avoiding imbalance of the number of times of erase of the NAND FLASH because of the COLD-DATA, and can effectively improve service life of the NAND FLASH.

The invention discloses a wiping and writing management method and system for a non-volatile flash memory and relates to Flash wiping and writing technologies. The method includes the steps that the flash memory is divided into multiple storage regions which are the same in size according to a flash memory address; according to the frequency of writing operation of each storage region, the heat weight value of each storage region is counted; when a writing request for one storage region is received, it is determined that the storage region is within a preset heat data region range in the sequence of the heat weight values of all the storage regions, data of the writing request are written into any one storage region beyond the heat data region range, and otherwise the data of the writing request are directly written into the storage region. The invention further discloses the wiping and writing management system for the non-volatile flash memory. According to the technical scheme, a layering mechanism is used for managing Flash wiping and writing, the balance of non-volatile Flash medium loss is guaranteed, the efficiency of waste recovery is improved, and the service life of media is prolonged.

The invention provides a synchronous spraying device for a large machine. The synchronous spraying device comprises a plurality of movable bases (1), wherein a six-axis joint robot is installed on each movable base (1), and a spray gun is installed at the tail end of each six-axis joint robot; a steel plate (2) is arranged at the front end of each movable base (1), a piston cylinder (3) is further horizontally arranged at the front end of each movable base (1), the outer end of a piston rod of each piston cylinder (3) is level with the outer side of the corresponding steel plate (2) while retracting, and an electrically-controlled magnetic attraction device (4) is arranged at the rear end of each movable base (1); and the movable bases (1) attract the electrically-controlled magnetic attraction devices (4) through the steel plates (2) and are sequentially connected in series to form an integrated movable platform. According to the synchronous spraying device provided by the invention, the integrated movable platform formed by sequentially connecting the plurality of movable bases (1) in series is provided, and synchronous spraying of all the six-axis joint robots can be realized; and moreover, the problem of interference is avoided, and the consistency of the spraying quality of parts of the large machine can be ensured.

The invention discloses a processing method of tea flowers, relating to the technical field of processing. The processing method comprises the following steps: harvesting tea flower buds from the middle ten days of October to the first ten days of December; wiping out receptacles, spreading on a water sieve; freezing the buds in a gauze bag at a temperature of being less than 20 DEG C, freezing for 12-14h; freeze-drying the buds in a vacuum dryer, vacuumizing when the temperature is lower than -20 DEG C, starting an oil heating system when the pressure is vacuumized to -0.1 Mpa, continuously drying for 24-26h by heating until the content of water in the buds is not greater than 4 percent; and baking the buds in a baking machine at a temperature of 90-100 DEG C for 15-20min. According to the processing method, the problem that the quality is not favorably improved because the plumpness is poor, the appearance is unattractive, the color is not fresh and alive, the fragrance is not pure, the color is slightly yellow and not bright, and the like is solved.

The invention discloses perennial sowthistle health-care tea, which is prepared by using the Sonchus L. plant perennial sowthistle as the raw material and carrying out steps of rinsing, high temperature desiccation, airing, slice processing, tea-leaf curing and rolling processing, second tea-leaf curing, rolling, drying and packing. The perennial sowthistle health-care tea can be directly drunk and also can be drunk with other teas such as black tea, scented tea, green tea and oolong tea. The product provided by the invention is convenient to drink, has a good taste and strong incense, is an ideal tea substitute, has a natural Perennial sowthistle medical value, and has an active effect of effectively reducing the harm of hazardous substances in tobaccos to smokers and passive smokers.

The invention provides a flash loss balancing algorithm applied to an electronic hard disk, which is realized in two aspects: firstly, address mapping is adopted to realize the conversion from logic addresses to physical addresses, and each logic address can correspond to different physical addresses so that data written to the same logic address every time can be stored in storage space pointed by different physical addresses; secondly, data which is stored in a flash and is not modified for a long time is moved so that a physical space occupied by the data newly joins in a queue to be written, and erasing numbers of storage blocks of the whole physical storage space are balanced.

The invention provides an arc profile cutting discharge processing method based on combined arc breaking and efficient chip removal, comprising the steps of: fixedly connecting an arc profile cutting device with the spindle of a machine tool, installing an electrode for discharge processing on the arc profile cutting device, connecting the electrode with one pole (cathode or anode) of a discharge power supply, connecting a workpiece to be processed with the other pole (anode or cathode) of the discharge power supply, applying direct current or pulse current by the discharge power supply, forming arc discharging between the electrode and the workpiece to remove the workpiece material by etching, flushing an area to be processed at a high speed while processing, allowing the electrode to rotate at a high speed and vibrate, and thereby achieving the arc breaking mechanism and efficient chip removal, and obtaining stable and reliable arc profile cut processing. According to the arc profile cutting discharge processing method, the arc discharge processing is ensured by using lateral discharging of the rotating rodlike electrode and using the combined arc breaking mechanism, the high speed discharge processing of the electrode can be simply, conveniently and economically achieved, particularly for curved surface and cavity processing.

The invention discloses an etched diffraction grating (EDG) device with uniform channel loss and flat passband response. Based on a traditional EDG design, each tooth surface of a grating reflection tooth surface is connected by a plurality of discrete spots to from a curved surface; the spectral response passband of a device is correspondingly divided into a plurality of discrete spots; each discrete spot on each grating reflection tooth surface meets an interference strengthening condition for a corresponding wavelength in the pectral response passband, so as to realize flat passband response; meanwhile the reflection direction of a grating reflection surface deviates from a routine blazed grating reflection direction, allowing light energy to scatter nearby an output waveguide array after transmission of a plate zone so as to realize uniform channel loss. Under the condition of not changing EDG components and not introducing extra devices, the EDG device increases the bandwidth of each channel, and meanwhile improves EDG loss uniformity; the EDG device is suitable for waveguide structures of various materials based on indium phosphide, silicon dioxide, silicon, etc., and has the advantages of simple manufacture, low cost, etc.

The invention discloses a storage management method of the NOR Flash of a small-internal-memory single-chip microcomputer and relates to the field of data processing. The method is characterized in that a NOR Flash chip which comprises a storage module and an executing program module is integrated onto the small-internal-memory single-chip microcomputer, and executing program module achieves datawriting and data reading on a storage module and spatial-loss-balancing storage management by building a sector mapping table. The method has the advantages that data storage safety is increased, andthe difficulty for cracking NOR Flash data content is increased; original data can be recovered, and data access reliability is guaranteed; the service life of the NOR Flash is prolonged by the loss balancing function; an upper program can directly read and write the NOR Flash and does not need to consider the erase operation of the NOR Flash; writing speed is higher than direct NOR Flash operation.

The invention relates to a wear-leveling method for a phase change memory. The wear-leveling method comprises the following steps: judging a hot area for frequent writing and a cold area for infrequent writing in the phase change memory; moving the hot area to the cold area and circularly moving until the hot area extends over the whole memory area; and obtaining a physical address of the phase change memory required to be visited through a logic-physical conversion formula. The wear-leveling method has the following advantages: a large amount of writing operations are prevented from gathering in the hot area, and wear-leveling of the phase change memory is achieved, so that the service life of the phase change memory can be prolonged.

The invention discloses a hook-face polisher. The hook-face polisher comprises a lower power system which is arranged on a bed body, a pivotal bearing support component connected with the lower power system, a public turnplate supported by the pivotal bearing support component, multiple self-rotational workpiece disk components which are connected with the lower power system and are arranged on the public turnplate, an upper disk component which is arranged above the workpiece disk components and is installed on a stand column assembly, and an upper power system which is arranged on the upper disk component and is used for driving upper disks in the upper disk component to rotate, a servo feed system which is arranged on the stand column assembly and is used for driving the upper disk component to move up and down along the stand column, and a numerical control system which is arranged on the bed body. According to hook-face polisher, the spin motion and the revolution motion of the lower workpiece disk can be achieved, the loss of processed consumable items (hairbrushes) can be more uniform, and the yield of a workpiece is increased; the purpose that an upper polishing disk can conduct real-time compensation orientation along with the loss of the processed consumable items can be achieved through a servo driving system, thus the consistency of hook face polishing in the whole processing procedure is guaranteed, and the usage rate and the processing efficiency of the processed consumable items are increased.

The invention belongs to the technical field of the aerospace special processing and particularly relates to an electro-discharge milling method for a micro-three-dimensional structure. According to the method, for a hexagonal-narrow-channel part of the micro-three-dimensional structure in a aerospace generator, according to the layered milling strategy for the micro-three-dimensional structure, the N-layer movement trajectory of electrodes is defined as one cycle, and material removal is conducted on the electrodes from top to bottom layer by layer; the forward-reverse milling forward-reverse alternate milling manner is adopted in a single layer; and a compensation manner based on a contact sensing method is adopted for compensation of an electrode loss. The precision of the size of a sample machined through the method meets the design index requirement, the capability of industrial production is achieved, and preparation of narrow-channel products of the micro-three-dimensional structure is achieved for the enterprises. The method makes the manufacturing level of electro-discharge milling reach a new level, and a technical foundation is laid for future developmentof more complex micro-three-dimensional structure parts made of difficult-to-machine materials.

Provided are an optical receptacle capable of manufacturing an optical module thereby, while suppressing a manufacturing cost, preventing a quality degradation, and suppressing a quantity of returning light by reflection. In the optical receptacle, a recess for receiving a lens and a lens support and a through-hole penetrating from a bottom of the recess toward an exterior are formed, and the recess is formed so that an inner peripheral surface of the recess is fixed to a desired position with respect to an outer peripheral surface of the lens support, in a case where the lens and the lens support are received in the recess such that an optical axis of the lens and an optical axis of the optical fiber to be inserted into the through hole are deviated from each other.

The invention discloses a waste gas treatment device for activated carbon production and a treatment method thereof, and relates to the technical field of waste gas treatment. The device comprises a purification tank, a treatment cavity and a water storage cavity which are sequentially communicated are formed in the bottom of the purification tank from top to bottom; a waste gas inlet pipe is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the purification tank; a treatment mechanism is mounted at the axis of the purification tank; one end of the waste gas inlet pipe rotationally communicates with the treatment mechanism; the peripheral side surface of the purification tank is fixedly connected with a servo driving motor; one end of an output shaft of the servo driving motor is in transmission connection with the treatment mechanism; the treatment mechanism comprises a filter cartridge. Through the design of the processing, the device can efficiently realize the purification processing process of waste gas in an automatic mode, and through the built-in design of the filter cartridge, impurities can be effectively intercepted in a filter mechanism, so that the impurity-free effect of clean water or treated water is ensured, and the recycling of the clean water or the treated water is facilitated.

The invention discloses a management method, a system and equipment of a memory chip and a storage medium. The method includes the steps that the time interval is acquired between the current time andthe last time a host command is received; when it is detected that the time interval exceeds the preset time interval threshold, if the memory chip is judged to meet the preset management conditions,and the target management operation corresponding to the management conditions is executed; wherein the target management operation comprises a garbage recovery operation, a loss balancing operationand / or an erasure operation. According to the technical scheme, the technical scheme is solved that the speed of reading and writing is decreased due to alternately executing garbage collection andother operations in the process of reading and writing, the existing management method of the memory chip is optimized, and the efficient read-write of the storage chip is achieved.

Provided are an optical receptacle capable of manufacturing an optical module thereby, while suppressing a manufacturing cost, preventing a quality degradation, and suppressing a quantity of returning light by reflection. In the optical receptacle, a recess for receiving a lens and a lens support and a through-hole penetrating from a bottom of the recess toward an exterior are formed, and the recess is formed so that an inner peripheral surface of the recess is fixed to a desired position with respect to an outer peripheral surface of the lens support, in a case where the lens and the lens support are received in the recess such that an optical axis of the lens and an optical axis of the optical fiber to be inserted into the through hole are deviated from each other.

The invention discloses an electric spark milling and mechanical grinding combined machining device. The combined machining device comprises a servo system (1), a milling machine chuck (2) connected with the servo system (1), a combined machining cutter (3) connected with the milling machine chuck (2), a rotary table (4) installed under the combined machining cutter (3) and a pulsed power supply (5) connected with the combined machining cutter (3). According to the combined machining device, discharge electrodes and material grinding rods are mounted on an electrode plate, mechanical grinding is carried out while electric discharge machining is conducted, no short out phenomena or arc discharge phenomena exist, electrode losses are even, quality of machining surfaces is good, compensation is easily achieved, machining efficiency is quite high, precision is high, the mirror surface effect can be achieved through machining, swarf removal is facilitated, and the combined machining device can be widely applied to machining insulators, semiconductors and other workpieces.

A waste water treating device and method based on an electrochemical principle comprises a reaction tank, an electrode A, an electrode B, an electrode fixing strip, an electrode supporting column, a stirring paddle and rotating shafts, wherein the reaction tank is cylindrical; flanges and flange covers are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the reaction tank; each rotating shaft is mounted in the center of the corresponding flange cover through a bearing; the electrode supporting column is fixed on the flange cover of the lower part of the reaction tank; the electrode A and the electrode B are alternately stacked at the upper end of the electrode supporting column; the stirring paddle is placed between the electrode A and the electrode B; the diameters of center holes of the electrode A and the electrode B are greater than the diameter of each rotating shaft; the center hole of the stirring paddle is matched with the outer diameter of the rotating shaft; one side of the electrode fixing strip is fixed on the inner wall of the reaction tank; and the other side of the electrode fixing strip is clamped in grooves in the periphery of the electrode A and the periphery of the electrode B. The distance between pole plates is adjusted adaptively and is not changed, a bidirectional pulse power supply is used, passivation of the electrodes is prevented, the stirring paddle accelerates migration of ions and air bubbles on the pole plates, and matters attached to the pole plates are removed.

The invention discloses a method for equalizing the swap partition loss of a memory and belongs to the technical field of the storage of the mobile devices. The method comprises step 1, arranging a counter for recording the age of a page slot for each page slot on an NVRAMSwap partition and adding 1 to each counter upon every writing on the corresponding page slot, step 2, establishing a min heap for saving the page slot information in the NVRAMSwap partition and putting the youngest page slot to the top of the min heap according to the page slot ages on the counters, and also establishing a doubly linked list for saving all idle page slots, and step 3, comparing the age difference between the page slot at the header of the doubly linked list and the page slot at the top of the min heap and determining the page slot to be used. The method for equalizing the swap partition loss of the memory has the technical effects that the idle and less-written page slot is found out from the NVRAMSwap partition to carry a DRAM page and the writing loss equalization of the NVRAMSwap partition is realized.

A spark plug configured without providing a noble metal tip on a ground electrode, wherein the spark plug has improved ignitability and an extended life and wherein the ground electrode has high strength. A spark plug (1) is provided with a center electrode (5), an insulator (2), a main fitting (3), and a ground electrode (27). A spark is discharged substantially along the axis (CL1) direction ina spark discharge gap (33) formed between the center electrode (5) and the ground electrode (27). The ground electrode has a narrow section (42) having a width which is substantially constant and is less than the outer diameter of a tip surface (5F) of the center electrode (5), and the ground electrode also has a wide section (41) having a width larger than the width of the narrow section (42). When viewed from the tip side in the axis (CL1) direction, the base end of the narrow section (42) is located on the root side of the ground electrode (27) from the tip surface (5F) of the center electrode (5) and the base end of the narrow section (42) is located on the tip side in the axis (CL1) direction from the center of the spark discharge gap (33).

The invention discloses a cooperative broadcasting method based on a neighbor broadcasting coefficient in a mobile self-organizing network. The cooperative broadcasting method based on a neighbor broadcasting coefficient in a mobile self-organizing network includes the steps: by means of a mode based on a neighbor broadcasting coefficient, starting sending broadcast grouping from a source node; after any one node as a non-source node in the network receives broadcast grouping, according to a forwarding node address list of the broadcast grouping head, deciding whether or not to forward, if requiring forwarding, according to a broadcasting coefficient, selecting the next hop of forwarding nodes, if not enough, making supplement, and then sending broadcast grouping; calculating the broadcasting coefficient according to the successful broadcasting rate and the residual energy of the neighbor nodes; and updating a neighbor information table in real time during the mutual communication process of any two nodes, and broadcasting until all the nodes do not need forwarding broadcast grouping, or exhausting the energy of nodes. The cooperative broadcasting method based on a neighbor broadcasting coefficient in a mobile self-organizing network has the advantages of greatly reducing the number of forwarding nodes, effectively restraining the broadcasting storm, being able to equalize the network energy, prolonging the service life of network, being adapted to the dynamically changed network topology, and providing certain broadcasting reliability at the same time.

The invention relates to a scrubber, comprising a rack. The rack is provided with a horizontal sliding rail and a longitudinal sliding rail which are respectively connected with a horizontal sliding seat and a longitudinal sliding seat in a sliding matching mode; the horizontal sliding seat is provided with a first motor and a sand wheel in transmission connection with the first motor; the longitudinal sliding seat is provided with an installing shaft for fixing a metal brush; and the rack is also provided with a transmission mechanism for driving the longitudinal sliding seat to move in a reciprocating manner along the horizontal sliding rail. According to the invention, due to reciprocating motion of the sand wheel, the outer peripheral surface of the metal brush is ground, and the grinding of all parts on the outer surface of the metal brush surface is more uniform, the loss of the sand wheel is more uniform, and the correction is easy; and the ground metal brush can be repeatedly utilized, the resource utilization ratio is improved, and the production cost is also reduced.

Provide is a battery management and lossless equalization system which is used to manage and control the consistency of the monomer cells in an electric automobile battery. A charger is connected with a load through a power battery. A cell management module is in a cascade connection with a display unit, a central communication unit and a panel operation unit through a central processor. The central processor is connected to an electric automobile energy management system. It is possible to carry out a real-time on-site measurement on power battery total voltage, total current and various parameters of the monomer cells and carry out estimation on the inconsistency of the monomer cells. A dynamic on-site lossless equalization is carried out to charging, discharging and standing of the monomer cells. Meanwhile, necessary control is implemented to ensure the safety of the battery and prolong the service life of the battery. According to the invention, the inconsistency of the monomer cells can be equalized, there is no energy loss, the equalization efficiency is high, the equalization effect is good, the inconsistency difference of the voltages of the monomer cells is less than 20mv and the precisions of voltage measurement and temperature measurement are high.