The invention relates to a neutron detector based on a polyethylene combined gas scintillator. The neutron detector comprises a cylinder body, an incidence window, an emergence window, a first conversion target, a second conversion target, a quartz window, a photoelectric detector, a sleeve, a gas-filling device and a scintillation gas, wherein the incidence window is hermetically arranged on the front end face of the cylinder body; the emergence window is hermetically arranged on the rear end face of the cylinder body; the first conversion target and the second conversion target are arranged on the inner side of the incidence window sequentially; the quartz window is arranged on the side of the cylinder body; the photoelectric detector is arranged outside the quartz window; the sleeve is used for connecting the photoelectric detector with the cylinder body; the gas-filling device is communicated with the cylinder body; and the scintillation gas is filled in the cylinder body. The invention aims to provide the neutron detector based on the polyethylene combined gas scintillator, which can measure the neutron injection quantity in a low-intensity neutron / gamma mixed radiation field. The detector has flat response on the energy of neutron of 1 to 15 MeV and has high resolving property on fast neutron / gamma.