3169 results about "Passband" patented technology

A method for detecting transverse mode vibrations in an ultrasonic hand piece / blade for determining the existence of unwanted vibration in the hand piece / blade. A tracking filter centered at the drive frequency of the generator, is used to monitor the drive frequency of the ultrasonic generator and attenuate the drive signal when it exceeds a predetermined level. The tracking filter has a wide pass band. Alternatively, a tracking filter having a pass band which is divided into several regions is used to avoid other longitudinal resonances, such as a resonance at a second harmonic, or other spectral features that would otherwise detract from the tracking accuracy of the filter.

High frequency interconnect structures, electronic assemblies that utilize high frequency interconnect structures, and methods of operating the same. The high frequency interconnect structures include a plurality of dielectric waveguides and are configured to communicatively connect a plurality of transmitters with a plurality of receivers and to convey a plurality of signals therebetween. The plurality of signals may include a plurality of electromagnetic waves and may have a frequency of at least 200 GHz. The high frequency interconnect structures further may be configured to decrease a potential for crosstalk between a first signal that is conveyed by a first dielectric waveguide of the plurality of dielectric waveguides and a second signal that is conveyed by a second dielectric waveguide of the plurality of dielectric waveguides, such as through control of a passband of the first dielectric waveguide relative to the second dielectric waveguide and / or the use of a crosstalk mitigation structure.

For use with an imaging system, in one aspect, the present invention implements a filter system that provides a precise narrow band pass for IR-NIR wavelengths, while also providing individual dye-type filters that can be disposed above individual RGB pixels to create dedicated red, green, and blue pixel responses. An interference dichotic filter provides a non-critical first pass band that adequately encompassed RGB wavelengths, and provides a more critical IR-NIR pass band for Z-pixels. The individual dye-type filters have individual R, G, B pass band shapes that fall within the interference filter. Preferably a dye-type NIR-IR filter is also in a common optical path with the other filters to contribute to the overall filtering. In a second aspect, the invention provides an RGB-Z system with dynamically updated image renderings to better enable a viewer of the image to acquire a sense of depth.

A switch arrangement comprises a plurality of MEMS switches arranged on a substrate about, and close to, a central point, each MEMS switch being disposed on a common imaginary circle centered on the central point. Additionally, and each MEMS switch is preferably spaced equidistantly along the circumference of the imaginary circle and within one quarter wavelength of the central point for frequencies in the passband of the switch arrangement. Connections are provided for connecting a RF port of each one of the MEMS switches with the central point.

A multi-band antenna switch circuit including a diplexer connected to an antenna terminal for demultiplexing signals of different passing bands, a first and a second switch circuit for switching a high frequency signal and a low frequency signal demultiplexed by the diplexer to a plurality of transmission / reception terminals, a first and a second low pass filter connected to a transmission path between the diplexer and the transmission terminal or between the first and the second switch circuit and the transmission terminal, and a notch filter provided between the diplexer and the first switch circuit or between the diplexer and the second switch circuit. The multi-band antenna switch circuit includes a high pass filter having an input terminal and an output terminal and provided at least between die diplexer and the antenna terminal and including a first inductor connected between the input terminal and the ground, a first capacitor connected between the input terminal and the output terminal, a second inductor connected to the output terminal, and a second capacitor connected between the second inductor and the ground.

On-chip multispectral imaging and data management is provided in the form of an Adaptive Focal Plane Array (AFPA) that is capable of spectral tunability at the pixel level. Layers of photonic crystals are registered with pixels of a broadband focal plane array. Spectral tuning is accomplished by switching the photonic crystal layers on / off and / or by changing their material structure to tune their photonic band gaps and provide a passband for incident photons. The photonic crystal layers are preferably segmented to independently address different regions or “cells” of pixels down to a pixel-by-pixel resolution. The AFPA may simultaneously sense different regions of a scene at different spectral wavelengths, spatial resolutions and sensitivities.

A multi-band antenna switch circuit including a diplexer connected to an antenna terminal for demultiplexing signals of different passing bands, a first and a second switch circuit for switching a high frequency signal and a low frequency signal demultiplexed by the diplexer to a plurality of transmission / reception terminals, a first and a second low pass filter connected to a transmission path between the diplexer and the transmission terminal or between the first and the second switch circuit and the transmission terminal, and a notch filter provided between the diplexer and the first switch circuit or between the diplexer and the second switch circuit. The multi-band antenna switch circuit includes a high pass filter having an input terminal and an output terminal and provided at least between die diplexer and the antenna terminal and including a first inductor connected between the input terminal and the ground, a first capacitor connected between the input terminal and the output terminal, a second inductor connected to the output terminal, and a second capacitor connected between the second inductor and the ground.

An electrophysiology apparatus is used to measure electrical activity occurring in a heart of a patient and to visualize the electrical activity and / or information related to the electrical activity. A three-dimensional map of the electrical activity and / or the information related to the electrical activity is created. Exemplary maps include a time difference between action potentials at a roving electrode and a reference electrode, the peak-to-peak timing of action potentials at the roving electrode, the peak negative voltage of action potentials at the roving electrode, complex fractionated electrogram information, a dominant frequency of an electrogram signal, a maximum peak amplitude at the dominant frequency, a ratio of energy in one band of the frequency-domain to the energy in a second band of the frequency-domain, a low-frequency or high-frequency passband of interest, a frequency with the maximum energy in a passband, a number of peaks within a passband, an energy, power, and / or area in each peak, a ratio of energy and / or area in each peak to that in another passband, and a width of each peak in a spectrum. Colors, shades of colors, and / or grayscales are assigned to values of the parameters and colors corresponding to the parameters for the electrograms sampled by the electrodes are updated on the three-dimensional model.

The present invention provides a continuously tunable external cavity laser (ECL) with a compact form factor and precise tuning to a selected center wavelength of a selected wavelength grid. The ECL may thus be utilized in telecom applications to generate the center wavelengths for any channel on the ITU or other optical grid. The ECL does not require a closed loop feedback. A novel tuning mechanism is disclosed which provides for electrical or mechanical tuning to a known position or electrical parameter, e.g., voltage, current or capacitance, with the required precision in the selected center wavelength arising as a result of a novel arrangement of a grid generator and a channel selector. The grid generator exhibits first pass bands which correspond to the spacing between individual channels of the selected wavelength grid and a finesse which suppresses side band modes of the laser. The channel selector exhibits second pass bands that are wider than the first pass bands. In an embodiment of the invention the second pass bands have a periodicity substantially corresponding with the separation between the shortest wavelength channel and the longest wavelength channel of the selected wavelength grid and a finesse which suppresses channels adjacent to the selected channel. The broad second pass bands of the channel selector reduce the sensitivity of the ECL to tuning variations about the selected channel, thus avoiding the requirement of a closed loop feedback system to control the channel selector.

A method of visually detecting a leak of a chemical emanating from a component. The method includes: aiming a passive infrared camera system towards the component; filtering an infrared image with an optical bandpass filter, the infrared image being that of the leak; after the infrared image passes through the lens and optical bandpass filter, receiving the filtered infrared image with an infrared sensor device; electronically processing the filtered infrared image received by the infrared sensor device to provide a visible image representing the filtered infrared image; and visually identifying the leak based on the visible image. The passive infrared camera system includes: a lens; a refrigerated portion including therein the infrared sensor device and the optical bandpass filter (located along an optical path between the lens and the infrared sensor device). At least part of a pass band for the optical bandpass filter is within an absorption band for the chemical.

An optical instrument including: a thermo-optically tunable, thin film, free-space interference filter having a tunable passband which functions as a wavelength selector, the filter including a sequence of alternating layers of amorphous silicon and a dielectric material deposited one on top of the other and forming a Fabry-Perot cavity structure having: a first multi-layer thin film interference structure forming a first mirror; a thin-film spacer layer deposited on top of the first multi-layer interference structure, the thin-film spacer layer made of amorphous silicon; and a second multi-layer thin film interference structure deposited on top of the thin-film spacer layer and forming a second mirror; a lens for coupling an optical beam into the filter; an optical detector for receiving the optical beam after the optical beam has interacted with the interference filter; and circuitry for heating the thermo-optically tunable interference filter to control a location of the passband.

Disclosed is a multiplexing method and apparatus that allows holograms to be spatially multiplexed with partial spatial overlap between neighboring stacks of holograms. Each individual stack can additionally take full advantage of an alternate multiplexing scheme such as angle, wavelength, phase code, peristrophic, or fractal multiplexing, for example. An amount equal to the beam waist of the signal beam writing a hologram separates individual stacks of holograms. Upon reconstruction, a hologram and its neighbors will all be readout simultaneously. An filter is placed at the beam waist of the reconstructed data such that the neighbors that are read out are not transmitted to the camera plane. Alternatively, these unwanted reconstructions can be filtered out with an angular filter at an intermediate plane in the optical system that has a limited angular passband.

Shaped glasses have curved surface lenses with spectrally complementary filters disposed thereon. The filters curved surface lenses are configured to compensate for wavelength shifts occurring due to viewing angles and other sources. Complementary images are projected for viewing through projection filters having passbands that pre-shift to compensate for subsequent wavelength shifts. At least one filter may have more than 3 primary passbands. For example, two filters include a first filter having passbands of low blue, high blue, low green, high green, and red, and a second filter having passbands of blue, green, and red. The additional passbands may be utilized to more closely match a color space and white point of a projector in which the filters are used. The shaped glasses and projection filters together may be utilized as a system for projecting and viewing 3D images.

A transmitter channel interference mitigation processing method for cancellation of intermodulation products are described. In one embodiment, a method comprising generating continuous and real time IMP cancellation signals (ICS) in the baseband digital signal set of the transmitter based on a transmitter signal set, combining digital IMP cancellation signals with a digital baseband transmitter signal set such that the digital cancellation signals, when converted to analog signals and transmitted as part of an analog transmitter signal set, are cancelled by and so cancel the IMPs generated by the non-linear components in the analog transmitter hardware, including digitally generating the IMP cancellation signals using a process based on a power series description of a non-linear process generating the IMPs, generating 3rd order IMP cancellation signals by digitally multiplying two or three signals of the transmitter signal set to create 3rd order IMP cancellation signals, generating 5th order IMP cancellation signals by digitally multiplying two or three or five signals of the transmitter signal set to create 5th order IMP cancellation signals, generating 7th order IMP cancellation signals by digitally multiplying two or three or five or seven signals of the transmitter signal set to create 7th order IMP cancellation signal, generating odd order IMP cancellation signals (ICS) by digitally multiplying an odd number of digital signals and combining multiplied digital signals with the transmitter baseband digital signals, creating IMP cancellation signals in the receiver, and cancelling one or both of active and passive IMPs generated in a transmitter path that fall within a receiver passband.

By using low-frequency signals, an optical transmitting unit modulates one of a wavelength, a transmission timing, and an intensity of light as a carrier wave. A polarization multiplexer synthesizes the output light signals, modulated by the optical transmitting unit, in polarization states orthogonal to each other and generates polarization-multiplexing signals. A polarization splitter splits by extracting two orthogonal polarization components from the polarization-multiplexing signals. The polarization states of the polarization-multiplexing signals are controlled by a polarization controller in an optical receiving unit. A band-pass filter extracts components transmitting through passbands from output signals of the optical receiving unit and outputs an intensity of the components. Based on the intensity output from the filter, a controlling circuit generates feedback control signals for maximizing a ratio of the components of the low-frequency signals and by using the feedback control signals, the polarization controller controls the polarization states of the optical multiplexing signals.

A wavelength discretely tunable semiconductor laser that addresses wide wavelength tuning range, is mode hopping free, has high output power, has fast wavelength switching time, is wavelength locking free and is relatively simple. Four exemplary embodiments disclosed herein utilize a wavelength discretely tunable semiconductor laser that comprises a discretely tunable filter and laser amplifier. In the first embodiment, the tuning element comprises a pair of cascade Fabry-Perot filters, each having a plurality of characteristic narrow transmission passbands that pass only the cavity mode under the passband. The spacing between the narrow transmission passbands are slightly different in one filter from the other filter so that only one passband from each filter can be overlapped in any given condition over the entire active element gain spectral range, thereby permitting lasing only at a single cavity mode passed by the cascade double filters. One of the two etalon filters can be made with a plurality of transmission passbands predetermined by industry, application and international standards, making this element an intra-cavity wavelength reference and eliminating further wavelength locking needs for the tunable laser. In a second embodiment, one of the two etalons is replaced by a wedge filter. The filter optical path change and thus the transmission passband shift are achieved by translating the wedge filter in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis. In a third embodiment, one of the two etalon filters is replaced by a polarization interference filter. The polarization interference filter consists of an electro-optically-tunable birefringent waveplate, a fixed birefringent waveplate, the laser cavity and T.E. polarization light emitted from the laser diode. In a fourth embodiment, the laser and wavelength tuning structure are integrated on a semiconductor substrate by epitaxy processes.

The present invention is a hybrid RF-digital signal processor-based filter for multiband radio architectures systems capable of spectrum re-farming and software defined radios. It performs low-loss frequency agile multiple notch filtering at RF where a large dynamic range exists at a filter input between signals in a stopband and passband. It is a frequency dependent signal attenuation apparatus having two paths connected together by directional couplers. The first path comprising a component such as a delay component or duplexer. The second path comprising a bandstop filter connected to a down converter, a digital filter, and an up converter. At the output of a power amplifier, the invention can be used to attenuate spurs, or noise within bands with strict emission constraints. At the input of a low noise amplifier, the invention can be used to attenuate blockers and transmitter noise outside of the receiver passband.

The decoupled stacked bulk acoustic resonator (DSBAR) device has a lower film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR), an upper FBAR stacked on the lower FBAR, and an acoustic decoupler between the FBARs. Each of the FBARs has opposed planar electrodes and a layer of piezoelectric material between the electrodes. The acoustic decoupler has acoustic decoupling layers of acoustic decoupling materials having different acoustic impedances. The acoustic impedances and thicknesses of the acoustic decoupling layers determine the acoustic impedance of the acoustic decoupler, and, hence, the pass bandwidth of the DSBAR device. Process-compatible acoustic decoupling materials can then be used to make acoustic decouplers with acoustic impedances (and pass bandwidths) that are not otherwise obtainable due to the lack of process-compatible acoustic decoupling materials with such acoustic impedances.

A power amplifier system and method for locating carrier frequencies across a frequency band, identifying the modulation format of each carrier, and locating and suppressing undesired intermodulation distortion (IMD) products generated by the power amplifier. The system includes an amplifier for amplifying RF carrier signals in a main signal path, a variable phase shifter and variable attenuator on a feed forward path, and a tunable receiver that digitizes a portion of the frequency band to baseband. The tunable receiver includes a tunable voltage controlled oscillator which provides an oscillating frequency to a mixer and is phase-locked to a highly stable reference oscillator. The mixer downconverts a desired RF based on the oscillating frequency to IF. A filter passes only a selected portion of the IF signals, and the filter has a passband sufficient to discern both narrowband and wideband carriers and their associated IMD products. Based on the locations of the carrier frequencies, a processing unit determines the IMD locations of the carrier frequencies, determines the IMD locations, and adjusts the variable phase shifter and variable attenuator on the feed forward path until the IMD products in the main signal path are suppressed below a desired threshold.

Audio processing methods and apparatus are provided for at least partially compensating for the Fletcher-Munson effect. An audio processor includes a variable filter receiving an input signal and providing a filtered output signal, the variable filter having a fixed cutoff frequency and a quality factor that is controllable in response to a control signal, and a control circuit configured to detect a signal level representative of input signal level in a selected band and to generate the control signal in response to the detected signal level. The control circuit may include a low-pass band select filter and a detector for detecting a signal level in the band selected by the low-pass filter and for generating the control signal.

The present disclosure relates to a first active tunable low-noise RF bandpass filter that includes at least a first transistor element and a tunable frequency selective degeneration circuit coupled to a first non-inverting output of the first transistor element. The first active tunable low-noise RF bandpass filter combines low noise amplifier (LNA) and tunable bandpass filter functionalities into a single active RF bandpass filter. The tunable frequency selective degeneration circuit uses degeneration at frequencies outside of a passband of the active RF bandpass filter to increase feedback, thereby decreasing gain of the active RF bandpass filter. By decreasing the gain, linearity of the active RF bandpass filter may be improved in the presence of strong interfering RF signals, thereby enabling elimination of passive bandpass filter elements, such as surface acoustic wave (SAW) and bulk acoustic wave (BAW) filters, without degrading reception of in-band RF signals.

An integrated front end filter for a tuner provides an array of from several to a multitude of passbands, each for passing at least one but less than all channels designated in a band of frequencies. Each passband is exclusively selectable. The integrated front end filter can include at least one active filter unit with an active reactance element in either of fixed and variable filter configurations and a decoder coupled to said at least one active filter unit and being responsive to a control signal for selecting a one of the passbands. In one example, a multitude of active filter units of fixed filter configuration provide the multitude of passbands. In another example, a plurality of data corresponds to a like plurality of selectable passbands in combination with a filter element of the variable filter configuration. Each data is stored at a predetermined location and reproduced in response to a corresponding control data signal from a tuner controller. Each data characterizes one of the plurality of passbands. The filter element is switchable from one passband to another in response to the control data signal. Lower power dissipation and lesser requirements of an on-following integrated circuitry tuner permit a reduction of “off chip” connections and cost.

A display comprises a light source and an image display panel disposed in an optical path from the light source. The light source comprises a primary light source for illuminating a re-emission material which comprises at least a first nanophosphor material for, when illuminated by light from the primary light source, re-emitting light in a first wavelength range different from the emission wavelength range of the primary light source. The image display panel comprises a first filter having a first narrow passband or a first narrow absorption band, the first narrow passband or first narrow absorption band being aligned or substantially aligned with the first wavelength range. The combination of a narrow wavelength range emitted by the first nanophosphor material and the narrow passband or narrow absorption band of the filter allows a display with high efficiency and a high NTSC ratio to be obtained.

Spectral separation filters for channels of a 3D image projection incorporate passbands of primary colors. In at least one of the filters, passbands are present in more than 3 primary colors. A set of two filters include a first filter having passbands of low blue, high blue, low green, high green, and red, and a second filter having passbands of blue, green, and red. The additional primary passbands of the first filter allow for an increased color space in projections through the filters compared to filters only having red, green, and blue primaries. The added flexibility of the increased color space is utilized to more closely match a color space and white point of a projector in which the filters are used.

An optical filter having a passband at least partially overlapping with a wavelength range of 800 nm to 1100 nm is provided. The optical filter includes a filter stack formed of hydrogenated silicon layers and lower-refractive index layers stacked in alternation. The hydrogenated silicon layers each have a refractive index of greater than 3 over the wavelength range of 800 nm to 1100 nm and an extinction coefficient of less than 0.0005 over the wavelength range of 800 nm to 1100 nm.

A method of dynamic spectral bandwidth allocation in home phone-line networking (HPN). An HPN terminal is configured to sense transmission activity in a frequency sub-band corresponding to a broad-band high-speed service, such as ADSL. If no activity is detected, the HPN terminal uses the sub-band for communication with other HPN terminals. As a result, major impediments to HPN networking, such as crosstalk from neighboring home networks and signal attenuation due to the unpredictable topology of the in-home wiring, are minimized or possibly mitigated. In addition, the capacity accessible to HPN terminals may be increased. Consequently, the robustness of HPN networking is improved and higher data throughput rates may be supported.

Broadband energy incident on a transducer having partially or fully reflective surfaces separated by a gap which is greater than the coherence length of the broadband energy but smaller than one-half a coherence length of a band of energy within said broadband energy causes a portion of the spectral content of the broadband energy corresponding to a coherence length greater than twice the gap length to exhibit interference effects while the average power of the broadband energy remains unaffected. Splitting energy reflected from the transducer into two beams which are filtered at preferably similar center frequencies but with different pass bands yields beams which are radically different in sensitivity to changes in gap length. Analyzing the beams to derive a ratio of powers (since source intensity and fiber attenuation in a common fiber are thus self-cancelling) allows high accuracy and high resolution absolute measurement of temperature, pressure or strain. Effects of any of these physical parameters which are not of interest in a measurement can be fully compensated or made arbitrarily insignificant in a simple transducer structure of extremely small size. Use of broadband energy permits measurement over greater lengths of optical fiber.

A filter system comprising three or more filters, each having different passbands, and an impedance adjusting network coupled between a filter system ports and each of the ports of at least two of the filters to adjust the port impedances of the filters coupled to the network. The adjusted port impedance of each filter at a frequency representative of at least one of the other filters coupled to the network is at a non-loading level. In one embodiment, the filter system is configured for use in a wireless communication receiver and / or handset.

Multi-mode-multi-band direct conversion receiver with complex I and Q channel interference mitigation processing for cancellation of intermodulation products are described. In one embodiment, a method comprising over sampling of the entire receiver passband to acquire the IMP source signals that can generate IMPs within the SOI, using these signals to generate a coherent complex I-Q channel estimates of the interference and (after phase and amplitude adjustment) using these estimates to cancel the SOI inband IMPs in the I and Q channels independently and simultaneously in near real time, generating estimates of 2nd and 3rd order IMP products, adjusting the phase and amplitude of the estimates and using the estimates to cancel the SOI inband IMPs on the I ad Q channels independently and simultaneously in real time or very near real time, sampling of the transmitter feed thru signal and blocking signals and computing the cross modulation products estimate and adjusting the phase and amplitude and using the estimate to cancel the SOI inband cross modulation products energy in real time or near real time in the I and Q channels of the receiver, using the cross modulation cancellation to cancel of the effects of the on chip transmitter feed thru to support building a single transceiver chip with full duplex operation with cancellation being done independently and simultaneously on the I and Q channels of the receiver, and creation of an estimate of the DC offset in the receiver and adjusting the amplitude of the DC offset in a near real time closed loop fashion to cancel the DC offset in the I and Q channels independently and simultaneously and adjusting the rate of update to match system parameters.