The invention discloses a skid-mounted type building mud treatment device and process. The treatment device comprises a mud homogenizing tank, a screw overlapped type sludge dehydrator, a sludge storage tank, a sludge conveying pump, an agent preparation system, an agent adding pump and an electrical control cabinet which are installed on an overall base or in a container. The mud homogenizing tank comprises mud homogenizing stirring tanks and a mud and agent mixing stirring tank. The mud homogenizing tank is longer in retention time after being improved, and mud is mixed more uniformly and is not prone to settle. The screw pitch is in special reducing design after a screw shaft of the screw overlapped type sludge dehydrator is improved, the spiral angle is gentler, and an abrasion-resistant layer is thicker. Through special structural design, the building mud is rapidly dehydrated on the overall base or in the container, a whole system is high in integration degree, the occupied place is small, the mass is low, the size is small, mobility, environmental protection performance and dehydration speed are high, the effect is good, outward transport disposal cost is reduced, and treated soil can be directly modified and resourcefully utilized.