The invention discloses a construction method for processing an aeolian sand roadbed base through impacting and grinding, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: (1) preparing construction, i.e. carrying out measurement lofting, list clearing and levelling on an impacting and grinding segment; (2) checking moisture content; (3) impacting and grinding the roadbed base, i.e. controlling the longitudinal and horizontal movement of an impact-type road roller by an impact-type compactor which travels at constant speed; (4) checking the bearing capacity and the compactness of the roadbed base, i.e. detecting the compactness of a soil body by adopting two indexes, i.e. a compacting factor and a foundation factor, and using a sand replacement method; (5) checking the settlement amount of the roadbed base; (6) levelling the grinding surface of the roadbed base; and (7) carrying out vibrating compacting on the roadbed base. The invention applies the processing method impacting and grinding a roadbed to the construction of the aeolian sand roadbed base with large post-construction settlement amount caused by difficult compaction of the traditional construction process; and in addition, compared with the traditional processing method, i.e. a replacement method, a heavy-tamping method, and the like, the impacting and grinding method has the advantages of simpleness, convenience, fastness, labor and time saving, engineering cost reduction, and the like.