The invention discloses a lithium ion cylindrical battery. The lithium ion cylindrical battery comprises a shell and a roll core arranged in the shell; current collecting discs are fixedly connected to the two ends of the shell correspondingly; the roll core comprises a positive pole plate, an inner diaphragm, a negative pole plate and an outer diaphragm which are sequentially overlapped and woundinto a cylinder; a positive tab is arranged at one end of the positive pole plate; a negative tab is arranged at one end, far away from the positive tab, of the negative pole plate; the height of theroll core is smaller than that of the shell; the two ends of the roll core are of circular truncated cone structures; and annular grooves matched with the circular truncated cones on the roll core are formed in the current collecting discs. According to the lithium ion cylindrical battery of the invention, a part of the tabs are cut at the positive pole and the negative pole, so that the tabs arranged at intervals and connected with the pole plates can be obtained, and therefore, the length of the tabs is reduced, the length of the tabs is smaller than that of the pole plates, the weight of the battery is reduced; only one-time welding is needed, and therefore, welding frequency is reduced, welding quality is improved, and a reject ratio caused by welding breakdown is reduced.