130results about How to "Reduce particle count" patented technology

A method of forming a PE-silane oxide layer with a greatly reduced particle count is described. A semiconductor substrate is provided over which a silicon oxide film is to be formed. The silicon oxide film is formed by the steps of: 1) pre-flowing a non-silane gas into a deposition chamber for at least two seconds whereby the pre-flowing step prevents formation of particles on the silicon oxide film, and 2) thereafter depositing a silicon oxide film by chemical vapor deposition by flowing a silane gas into the deposition chamber to complete formation of a silicon oxide film using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition in the fabrication of an integrated circuit.

The invention provides a method for constructing an indoor two-dimensional semantic grid map with an object navigation point. The method comprises the following steps of S1, constructing an environment grid map, and acquiring a real-time position of a robot; S2, completing recognition of an object in an environment; S3, obtaining a main body part of the target object, and obtaining coordinates ofthe target object in a camera coordinate system; S4, performing coordinate conversion to obtain the coordinates of the recognized object in a grid map coordinate system, and establishing an object grid map; S5, combining the object grid map and the environment grid map to obtain a semantic grid map reflecting environment semantic information; and S6, extracting a navigation point of the target object in the semantic grid map to obtain an indoor two-dimensional semantic grid map with the navigation point. According to the method, an original grid map contains semantic information and also contains the object navigation point, the semantic grid map provides richer features for robot positioning and navigation, and higher-level complex tasks can be completed.

The invention discloses a target tracking method and system of a football robot. The target tracking method of the football robot comprises the following steps of (1) building a motion model of the football robot, (2) carrying out discretization on the motion model of the football robot to obtain a state equation of the football robot, (3) building a measurement model of the football robot, (4) building a filtering probability distribution model of a state variable xk-1 of the football robot at the time of k-1, (5) updating measurement, (6) updating prediction, (7) estimating the optimized estimated value of a state variable xk+1 of the football robot at the time of k+1, and (8) tracking a target. The target tracking system of the football robot comprises a data processor, a data storage card, a serial port communication module, a wireless communication module, an omni-directional visual module, an intelligent power module, a motion control card, a motor driving circuit module, a motor, a motor encoder and a football robot training machine. The target tracking method and system of the football robot are reasonable in design, simple and convenient to use and operate, convenient to realize, capable of rapidly and accurately tracking the target of the football robot, high in practicability, good in use effect, and high in popularization and application value.

The invention relates to a bionic wear-resisting deep-digging shovel blade, which comprises two bionic wear-resisting structural forms, i.e. a rib form and a lug form. The bionic wear-resisting deep-digging shovel blade is based on the characteristic of a geometry structure on the shell surface of aquatic mollusk which can resist the abrasion of grinding materials. The bionic wear-resisting ribbed structural shape is that: y=asin(bx+c), wherein a indicates amplitude, b indicates frequency, c indicates an initial phase position, a is more than 0 and is less than or equal to 10mm, bx minus c is more than or equal to 0 and is less than or equal to pi, and x is more than or equal to 0 and is less than or equal to 20mm, and the distance between two adjacent ribs is that: L is more than 0 and is less than or equal to 50mm; and the lug bionic wear-resisting structure is characterized in that a contour of the lug bionic wear-resisting structure is a spherical-crown shape: x<2>+y<2>+z<2>=r<2>, wherein x is more than or equal to 0 and is less than or equal to 10mm, y is more than or equal to 0 and is less than or equal to 10mm, z is more than or equal to 0 and is less than or equal to 10mm, r is more than or equal to 0 and is less than or equal to 12mm, and a distance L between every two lugs is that: L is more than 0 and is less than or equal to 50mm. The ribbed structure and the lug structure are suitable for different deep-digging shovel blades of different forms. The wear resistance of the bionic wear-resisting deep-digging shovel blade is improved by 50 percent compared with that of a traditional shovel blade with a smooth surface.

The invention discloses a GLONASS phase inter-frequency bias real-time tracking and precise estimation method based on particle filtering. The method comprises the following steps that step 1: data preprocessing: the satellite ephemeris and the pseudo range observation value and the phase observation value of the current ephemeris cloud are imported; step 2: a double difference pseudo range and carrier phase observation equation is established, and a single epoch normal equation or a previous epoch accumulation normal equation is obtained after linearization; step 3: the phase bias in the normal equation is corrected according to the particle value to solve the normal equation; and the particle filtering weight is updated, and the value of the phase inter-frequency bias rate and the particle mean square root are calculated; and step 4: the steps 1-3 are repeated to perform real-time tracking or precise estimation of the value of the phase inter-frequency bias rate; and phase inter-frequency bias correction is performed through the value of the phase inter-frequency bias rate after filtering convergence, and the integer ambiguity is fixed so as to realize precise estimation. Real-time tracking of the inter-frequency bias and GLONASS precise positioning without receiver type difference can be efficiently realized.

The invention provides an unscented particle filtering method based on a particle swarm optimization algorithm, which comprises the steps of: 1, initial time: obtaining a group of initial particles from an initial distribution p(x0), setting an initial average and variance of the group of initial particles; 2, sampling sequential importance; 3, updating weight; 4, obtaining an normalized weight; 5, sampling; 6, updating state; and 7, solving a globally optimum solution G(t) at the current time. The invention ensures that a particle swarm more trends to a high likelihood region before the weight is updated through a particle swarm optimization process, thereby solving the problem of sample depletion to a certain degree. The optimization process ensures particles far away from real state trends to an area with high occurrence probability of the real state, thereby improving the action effect of each particle. Compared with other intelligent optimization algorithms, the particle swarm optimization algorithm has the advantages of easy implementation and no adjustment on various parameters, lowers the particle number required by accurate estimation, and improves the computing efficiency of filtering.

The invention discloses a multi-spectrum light emitting diode structure, comprising a substrate and a semiconductor lamination. The semiconductor lamination at least comprises an n-type semiconductor layer, a p-type semiconductor layer and a multi-spectrum light emitting multi-quantum well layer. The multi-spectrum light emitting multi-quantum well layer is composed of two or three groups of multi-quantum well light emitting units which are arranged in a lamination mode and have different quantum well forbidden band widths. According to the multi-spectrum light emitting multi-quantum well layer, two or three wavelengths of light can be emitted at the same time. The wavelength difference between any two wavelengths of light is lambda. The lambda is greater than or equal to 10nm and is smaller than or equal to 100nm. The multi-quantum well light emitting units are periodic structures composed of quantum well layers and quantum barrier layers. The period number is K. The light emitting wavelengths of the multi-quantum well light emitting units are decided by the quantum well forbidden band widths. A light emitting wavelength range is 380nm-700nm. According to the structure, multiple spectrums can be directly emitted from a single chip, the number of the chips for five- primary color light packaging is greatly reduced, and a great design window for circuit design, optical design and light mixing of lamp beads is provided.

The invention belongs to the technical field of multi-target tracking of outer radiation source radar, and particularly relates to a random finite set based multi-target tracking method in outer radiation source radar. The random finite set based multi-target tracking method in the outer radiation source radar comprises the following steps of: receiving digital television signals by using the outer radiation source radar, and sequentially demodulating as well as recoding the digital television signals received by the outer radiation source radar so as to reconstruct a direct wave signal of each launch station; performing self-adaptive clutter cancellation treatment on the digital television signals received by the outer radiation source radar by utilizing the direct wave signals of each launch station so as to obtain signals after the clutter cancellation; obtaining an observation amount of each target based on the signals after the clutter cancellation and the reconstructed direct wave signals of each launch station; implementing locating and tracking on each target in a rectangular observation region of the outer radiation source radar by adopting a probability hypothesis density particle filter method, wherein the locating and tracking method of each target is an arrival time positioning method.

The invention belongs to the technical field of multi-target tracking by adopting external illuminating radar, and particularly relates to a multi-target tracking method by adopting the external illuminating radar and combining target angles. The multi-target tracking method by adopting the external illuminating radar and combining target angles comprises steps as follows: digital television signals received by the external illuminating radar are demodulated and recoded sequentially, and direct wave signals of launch stations are reconstructed; the digital television signals received by the external illuminating radar are subjected to self-adaption clutter cancellation processing by the direct wave signals of the launch stations, and signals after clutter cancellation are obtained; the observed quantity of each target is obtained according to the signals after clutter cancellation and the reconstructed direct wave signals of the launch stations; and each target in a rectangular external illuminating radar observing area is localized and tracked with a probability hypothesis density particle filter method according to the angle of each target relative to the external illuminating radar, and the locating and tracking method of each target is the locating method of arrival time.

The invention provides a single channel communication signal and interference blind separation method based on mutation particle swarm particle filtering (MPSOPF-SCBSS), and belongs to the communication signal processing and communication anti-interference field. In view of the single channel communication signal and interference blind separation problem in the condition of large interference-to-signal ratio, small number of particles and low signal-to-noise ratio, the method adopts Bayesian filtering estimation for communication signal and interference separation. According to the method, a single channel disturbed communication signal state space model is firstly built, the single channel interference and signal blind separation problem is converted into joint estimation of communication symbols and unknown system parameters, and joint estimation is realized through mutation particle swarm optimization particle filtering to achieve the blind separation purpose; through a velocity-displacement update function and a Metropolis-Hastings mutation rule in the particle swarm optimization, the needed particle number in the sequential estimation process is reduced and diversity of the particle set can be ensured. In addition, the provided mutation particle swarm optimization rule reduces demands on the signal-to-noise ratio of communication signals in the single channel disturbed condition.

The invention discloses a power system dynamic estimation method based on unscented Kalman particle filtering, and relates to the technical field of power system monitoring, analysis and control. Themethod comprises the following steps: step 1, initializing a current state variable of the power system, and calculating an initial state mean value and variance; 2, setting k as 1; 3, carrying out importance sampling to obtain a particle swarm and a weight at the k moment; 4, carrying out particle swarm splitting and weight adjustment on the particle swarm; 5, judging whether Neff<Nth is established or not, if yes, turning to the step 6, and if not, turning to the step 8; 6, copying and eliminating the particle swarm to obtain a new particle swarm and weight; 7, carrying out weight normalization again; 8, calculating a state estimation value of the power system; and step 9, judging whether k >= Omega is established or not, if not, setting k = k + 1, and turning to the step 3, and ending the dynamic estimation of the power system if so. According to the method, the suggested density distribution problem is improved, the estimation precision can be effectively improved, and the problemof particle shortage is effectively solved.

Provided is a dust flocculating duct which has a simple configuration and is capable of reducing the number of particulates by increasing the number of times when the particulates in dust collide with one another and by facilitating flocculation and of increasing an apparent diameter of each of the particulates. The dust flocculating duct comprises: an extension pipe (502), a suction hose (504), and a joining section (505) as, a frictional electrification passage part (161) disposed in the extension pipe and friction-electrifying the pieces of dust, and a collision promotion passage part (162) disposed in the joining section, causing the pieces of dust electrified by the frictional electrification passage part to collide with each other, and facilitating formation of dust masses (clusters). The frictional electrification passage part includes a first frictional electrification part made of a first material and a second frictional electrification part made of a second material. The collision promotion passage part is made of a third material. A contact potential difference of the first material is larger than a contact potential difference of the third material and the contact potential difference of the third material is larger than a contact potential difference of the second material.

The invention discloses an Er<3+> / Pr<3+> co-doped yttrium lithium fluoride monocrystal and a preparation method thereof. The yttrium lithium fluoride monocrystal is a rare earth ion Er<3+> / Pr<3+> co-doped monocrystal; and the molecular formula is LiY(1-x-y)ErxPryF4, wherein x is greater than or equal to 0.010 and less than or equal to 0.085, and y is greater than or equal to 0.0001 and less than or equal to 0.008. The yttrium lithium fluoride monocrystal has the advantages of high emission efficiency of fluorescence of 2.7 microns and high transmittance in intermediate infrared ray, has better thermal, mechanical and chemical stabilities than those of glass state materials and has the characteristics of low phonon energy, high optical transmittance of wavebands with width of 300-5500nm, less color center forming amount, low thermal lens effect and the like, thereby being more easily processed and more suitably used in laser devices. In the preparation method disclosed by the invention, a sealing crucible falling technology is used, so that the operation is simple; the raw material is fluorated at high temperature in a sealed water-free and oxygen-free environment, so that the crystal is isolated from air and water vapor during the growth; and therefore, the high-quality Er<3+> / Pr<3+> co-doped LiYF4 monocrystal containing little OH<-> ion and oxide is obtained.

The invention discloses a CrAlN nano gradient coating with high hardness and high bonding force and a preparing technology of the CrAlN nano gradient coating, and belongs to the technical field of coating preparing. The arc ion plating and magnetron sputtering composite plating technology is adopted to prepare the CrAlN nano gradient coating on a base material, inflation of Ar gas is conducted before coating, the bias voltage of -600-1,000 V is adopted, glowing cleaning is conducted on a base body for 10-30 min, then, a Cr target is started, the bias voltage is gradually reduced to range from-20 V to -100 V, and deposition of a metal Cr transition layer is conducted for 5-20 min; inflation of N2 is conducted, and deposition of a CrN layer is kept for 5-40 min; and an Al target is started,the power of the Al target is linearly increased, and the CrAlN nano gradient coating with components continuously changing is deposited. The related CrAlN nano gradient coating is dense in structure, high in hardness and high in bonding force with the base body, the preparing technology is simple, repeatability is good, and industrial production is easy.

The present invention provides a dust flocculating passage, which is enabled with a simple structure to promote the flocculation of particles in dust by increasing the number of particle collisions, thereby to reduce the particle number and to enlarge the apparent particle diameter, and a dust flocculating method and a vacuum cleaner. The dust flocculating passage (10) comprises a passage (11) for a gas to pass therethrough, a wall (12) for forming the passage (11), and vortex generating means for generating vortexes in the gas flowing in the passage (11). The vortex generating means is so arranged on the inner face of the wall (12) as to give a heterogeneous velocity distribution to the gas flow near the wall (12). The vortex generating means includes either a turning portion (13) having a wall portion protruding from the inner face of the wall (12) into the passage (11) so as to turn the gas flow in the passage (11), or protrusions from the inner face of the wall (12) so as to make heterogeneous the velocity of the passing gas.

The invention discloses a nitrogen filtering recovery system of a reflow oven, comprising a gas inlet (1) and a gas outlet (2), wherein a gas filtration device (3) and a negative pressure power device (4) are sequentially connected between the gas inlet and the gas outlet; the nitrogen filtering recovery system is characterized in that the gas filtration device (3) is arranged in a sealing way, the negative pressure power device (4) is independently arranged outside the gas filtration device (3), and the gas filtration device (3) is communicated with the negative pressure power by a pipeline. The system has obviously excellent filtering effect, reliable sealing performance and convenient assembly and disassembly, can be used for recovering scaling powder in a centralized way, and is applied to the field of gas circulating purification technology of the reflow oven.

The invention discloses a Markov-chain-Monte-Carlo-based particle filter positioning method. The method comprises: step one, carrying out initialization; step two, carrying out particle importance sampling; step three, calculating a weight value; step four, carrying out resampling; step five, carrying out correlation determination; step six, introducing an MCMC moving step; and step seven, entering a next time. According to the invention, correlation between two-times filtering is analyzed to determine whether a particle is centralized; cloud observation data are fused into the particle rate importance sampling stage to reduced the needed particle number; and the particle deficiency effect is reduced based on Markov chain Monte Carlo movement processing. Because the Markov-chain-Monte-Carlo particle filter positioning mechanism is established, cloud monitoring data and the map match well, thereby realizing intelligent parking.

A bionic excavating spade comprises a spade body, wherein the two faces of the spade body are an inner soil contacting face and an outer soil contacting face respectively, the front end of the spade body is the soil entering end, the rear end of the spade body is a top wing, the middle of the top wing bends in an arc shape toward the inner soil contacting face, an inner excavating face is arranged on the spade body, extends to the top wing from the soil entering end and bends toward the inner soil contacting face, one ends of two boundaries of the inner excavating face and the outer soil contacting face are connected with the two ends of the arc bending part of the top wing, and the other ends of the two boundaries are tangent to the side edges of the spade body. The geometrical shape of the soil contacting surface of the spade is improved, so that anti-drag and desorption performance of the spade is improved, the problems that in the excavating process of the spade, the resistance is large, adhesive performance is high, and abrasion resistance is poor are solved fundamentally, compared with a traditional spade, the abrasion resistance of the bionic spade is improved by 50%, and the anti-drag and desorption performance is improved by 70%.

The invention discloses a Ho<3+> / Pr<3+> codoping lithium yttrium fluoride monocrystal and a preparation method thereof. The lithium yttrium fluoride monocrystal is a rare-earth iron Ho<3+> / Pr<3+> codoping monocrystal; the molecular formula of the lithium yttrium fluoride monocrystal is LiY(1-x-y)HoxPryF4, wherein x is more than and equal to 0.004 or less than and equal to 0.08, and y is more than and equal to 0.0002 or less than and equal to 0.01. The lithium yttrium fluoride monocrystal disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of high efficiency of 2.9 mu m fluorescence emission, high intermediate-infrared transmittance, more excellent thermotic, mechanical and chemical stability compared with those of a glass-state material, low phonon energy, high optical transmissibility at a 300-5500 nanometer broadband, small color center forming amount, low thermal lens effect, and the like, and is easier to process and more suitable for a laser device. The preparation method disclosed by the invention adopts a sealing crucible descent method technology, is easy to operate, carries out high-temperature fluorination treatment on a raw material and obtains the high-quality Ho<3+> / Pr<3+> codoping LiYF4 monocrystal almost without -OH ions or oxides by insulating the monocrystal from air and vapors in the growing process by adopting a water-insulated oxygen-insulated sealing environment.

The invention relates to a method for improving the lightening efficiency of an LED light and a light fitting thereof. The method is characterized in that CdSe / ZnS quantum dot material is added to LEDphosphor powder, and the mixture is packaged after being evenly mixed; the addition is (1-10) / 10000, or a layer of CdS / ZnS quantum dot material with the width being 100 nanometers to 100 micrometersis coated on the inner surface of an LED light cover, thereby obtaining the light fitting. The light fitting comprises LED granules (1), a light cover (2), quantum dots (3), a packaging adhesive (4) and a transparent cover (5), wherein the quantum dots (3) are dispersed in the packaging adhesive (4) or coated on the inner surface of the transparent cover (5), the packaging adhesive (4) is filled in the light cover (2), the transparent cover (5) is arranged on the light cover (2), the LED granule (1) is positioned in the light cover (2) by the packaging adhesive (4), and the quantum dots (3) are the CdS / ZnS quantum dot material. The invention can reduce the LED granules, thereby obtaining the color with a full spectrum.

The invention discloses a multiphase flow calculation method, which comprises the following steps of: firstly, determining a calculation region, and inputting physical property parameters and corresponding boundary conditions; solving a convection equation of an Euler part by using a constrained interpolation on-duty constant semi-Lagrange method; solving a pressure Poisson equation of a non-convection part of a grid part, updating a numerical value of the next time step of the grid part, transmitting a speed of the grid part to particles for correction to obtain a new particle position, and acquiring a grid color function value near an interface according to the particle position; and completing multi-phase flow numerical simulation calculation if the simulation time is reached. The multiphase flow calculation method has the advantages of accuracy of tracking the phase interface by adopting a particle method and rapidity of the grid method. The multiphase flow calculation method is suitable for multi-phase flow motion under the condition of not including heat transfer, and the advantages of the multiphase flow calculation method can be brought into full play when the phase interface changes drastically and the calculation region is large.

The invention relates to a process cavity of a glue evening unit, and specifically relates to an anti-splash and anti-adhesion type process cavity of a TRACK machine glue evening unit. The anti-splash and anti-adhesion type process cavity comprises an upper process cavity, a middle process cavity and a lower process cavity, wherein the upper process cavity and the middle process cavity respectively cooperate with the lower process cavity to form one integral body, the inner-side surface of the upper process cavity is provided with an anti-splash groove and a coating hydrophilic layer, the anti-splash groove comprises an upper-portion anti-splash groove and a lower-portion anti-splash groove which are successively recessed upwards along the inner surface of the upper process cavity from top to bottom, and a wafer is disposed between the lowest edge of the upper-portion anti-splash groove and the lowest edge of the lower-portion anti-splash groove. According to the invention, splashes generated when a photoresist bumps into a CUP can be effectively prevented, through changing the hydrophilic and hydrophobic characteristic of the inner wall of the CUP, the adhesion of the photoresist on the inner wall of the CUP is reduced, and the performance of the glue evening unit can be effectively improved.

The invention discloses polyamide acid slurry, a preparation method thereof and a polyimide film, excessive dianhydride reacts with diamine containing an imidazole structure, and then alcohol is added to obtain an ester-terminated polyamide acid composition; by adding a second part of dianhydride monomer and diamine monomer into the solution, a polyamide acid solution in which the molar weight of the dianhydride monomer is basically close to the molar weight of the diamine monomer is obtained; when the first part of dianhydride or diamine monomer and the second part of dianhydride or diamine monomer are different in type, polyamic acid of a block structure can be obtained, the polyamic acid is further cured to obtain the polyimide film of the block structure, the viscosity is small and controllable in the reaction process, the ratio of the dianhydride to the diamine monomer can be increased, batch solution feeding is achieved, a high-molecular-weight low-viscosity imidazole structure-containing block type polyamide acid solution is prepared, and due to the action of an imidazole structure, a substrate hydrogen bond and the like, a film cured at a high temperature is excellent in comprehensive performance, and the adhesive force of the film and a coated substrate is greatly improved.

The invention discloses a crystal material, which is characterized in that the chemical formula of the crystal material is CaNdxEryLa(1-x-y)Ga3O7, wherein x is greater than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 0.05, and y is greater than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 0.3; the crystal material belongs to a tetragonal system and a space group shown in the description; the crystal material is formed into a laminated electronegative skeleton structure formed by a GaO4 tetrahedron, and Nd<3+>, Er<3+>, Ca2<+> and La<3+> are distributed among layers and have an unordered crystal structure. An Nd<+> ion is doped in Er<+3> activated CaLaGa3O7 crystal to greatly enhance the adsorption efficiency of the crystal for pump light, the efficient laser output of the -2.7mu m waveband of LD pumping is realized, the fluorescence emission of the crystal in an intermediate infrared waveband is enhanced, the service life and the particle number of 4I13 / 2 are greatly decreased, a self-final state bottleneck effect is inhibited, high gain is kept by laser media in an oscillation process, and the slope efficiency of the laser output is improved.

The invention relates to an inspection of rod-shaped articles from the tobacco processing industry. According to a method of inspecting the rod-shaped articles, especially filter cigarettes, by using an inspection device, the articles are conveyed along a horizontal axis on test drums and inspected by the inspection device arranged on the test drums. The surrounding air and the tobacco crumbs, before or after entering test zones of testers, are accelerated and / or deflected by air curtains that are generated by air curtain generating units, where the generating units are preferably arranged at the testers and the test drums. The air curtains are formed or directed in the test zones or in a region of the test zones that are spaced or parallel to a surface of the test drums. The device for inspection of the articles, especially the filter cigarettes, comprises the test drums used for conveying the articles preferably for the horizontal conveying and an inspection apparatus arranged on the test drums and used for inspecting the articles conveyed on the test drums. The invention further relates to a machine, especially to a filter installation machine.

The invention teaches a multi-step method for shutting down the dry-etch process. The ICP rf power is reduced between each of these consecutive power-down steps of the dry-etch process, the complete power-down sequence consists of six steps. These six steps are executed in sequence and without interruption and form the totality of the dry-etch chamber power-down procedure.

The invention discloses a novel medium-infrared laser crystal of a ytterbium, holmium and dysprosium-doped lead fluoride and a preparation method of the novel medium-infrared laser crystal. Holmium ions act as activating ions to realize a fluorescence output of 2.7 to 3.1 micrometers, and corresponding luminescence energy level transition is holmium: 5I6 to 5I7; ytterbium ions act as sensitizing ions to solve the problem of low absorption efficiency of the holmium ions at a commercial high-power LD pump; dysprosium ions have two effects; on one hand, the dysprosium ions shortens the life of the lower energy level (5I7) of the holmium ions, and the energy level life of the upper energy level (5I6) of the cesium ion does not change obviously, thus beneficially achieving the holmium: 5I6 to 5I7 population inversion and the mid-infrared laser output of the holmium ions; on the other hand, by energy transfer from holmium: 5I7 to dysprosium: 6H13 / 2, the number of particles on the upper energy level (6H13 / 2) of the dysprosium ions is increased, and dysprosium: 6H13 / 2 arrow 6H15 / 2 population inversion and mid-infrared laser output of the dysprosium ions are achieved.

A light emitting diode (LED) package includes a substrate, a pin structure and a reflector formed on the substrate, an LED chip arranged on the pin structure and a first encapsulation layer mixed with phosphor filled in the reflector. The LED chip includes a top surface, a side surface extending downward from the top surface and a bottom surface opposite to the top surface. A bottom end of the first encapsulation layer is located above the top surface of the LED chip. A transparent second encapsulation layer is located below the first encapsulation layer and surrounds the LED die.

The invention relates to the online game technologies, in particular to a method for particle effect optimization based on materials. According to the method for particle effect optimization based on the materials, the effect and the efficiency of particles are optimized through a material tree method, composite mapping is applied, based on DX9 texture blending, a tree-shaped material system is developed and used for improving the effect of the particles and reducing the number of the particles, and therefore the frame rate is improved. Based on the method, a peak movement effect is replaced by a material effect, and therefore efficiency can be improved. A material template is applied, art designers can conveniently use the material template, the workload of development conducted by the art designers of complicated material trees is lightened, the work efficiency is improved, the number of peaks of a special effect is reduced, and the load for physical computing of the particles in a CPU is reduced. In addition, the number of triangles is reduced, the redrawing rate is greatly reduced, and consumption of the CPU and consumption of a GPU terminal are reduced. The multiple materials are applied, so that the artistic effect is improved. In this way, the method for particle effect optimization based on the materials is good in effect and efficiency.