The invention discloses an emergency dispatching circumstance generation method for water pollution emergency. The technology comprises the steps of carrying out preliminary information identification on the water pollution emergency, wherein the information comprises the occurrence time, occurrence place, belonging reach, pollutant type, amount of in-river pollutant and development state of the water pollution emergency; rapidly giving the main characteristics of the pollutant according to the preliminary information, wherein the main characteristics comprise whether the pollutant has toxin, whether the pollutant is dissolved in water, the specific gravity of the pollutant, main harm and conventional measures; automatically matching the emergency scheduling measure; and carrying out analog simulation on the scheme. According to the method, the emergency dispatching circumstance is automatically generated by rapid diagnosis and recognition according to the preliminary information of the water pollution emergency, and the measure is rapidly given according to the comparison and selection of a scheme library, so that the rapid judgment, scheme matching and circumstance generation of the water pollution emergency can be realized, and emergency disposal and management of the water pollution emergency can be conveniently carried out.