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5570 results about "Sound wave" patented technology
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Sound can propagate through a medium such as air, water and solids as longitudinal waves and also as a transverse wave in solids (see Longitudinal and transverse waves, below).The sound waves are generated by a sound source, such as the vibrating diaphragm of a stereo speaker. The sound source creates vibrations in the surrounding medium.
Thermally excited sound wave generating device
InactiveUS20050201575A1Electrothermic-effect transistorMechanical vibrations separationElectricityInsulation layer
A thermally induced sound wave generating device comprising a thermally conductive substrate, a head insulation layer formed on one surface of the substrate, and a heating element thin film formed on the heat insulation layer and in the form of an electrically driven metal film, and wherein when the heat conductivity of the thermally conductive substrate is set as αs and its heat capacity is set as Cs, and the thermal conductivity of the beat insulation layer is set as αI and its heat capacity is set as CI, relation of 1 / 100≧αICI / αSCS and αSCS≧100×106 is realized. This is a new technical means capable of greatly improving the function of a pressure generating device based on thermal induction.
Owner:NOKODAI TLO KK
Mega communication and media apparatus configured to provide faster data transmission speed and to generate electrical energy
InactiveUS20120032876A1Extend battery lifeQuality improvementResonant long antennasCathode-ray tube indicatorsCommunication deviceVocal sound
Disclosed embodiments comprise communication apparatus operatively configured with CMOS multiple antennas disposed on a chip for boosting communication signals to and for enabling faster data transmission speed and to provide interactive user interface. The communication apparatus is further configured to convert sound waves, vibrations, solar energy, wind force and pressure force into electrical energy communicable to a battery cell. Disclosed embodiment encompasses three modes of communications—the Cell phone, wireless Internet applications, and Global communication and media information. Embodiments provide communication apparatus operable to enhance mobile communication efficiency with touch sensitive display and provide energy harvesting platform on at least the housing for the apparatus and / or the circuit board configured with memories, processors, and modules. Embodiments provide advanced computing and media applications, including in-vehicle interactive communications and wireless Internet applications. Embodiments further provide a gaming device, a wireless media device configured with touch pads comprising sensors being embedded in silicon substrate and fused in micro fiber material having excellent electrical characteristics. Certain embodiments provide communication apparatus configured for voice enabled applications comprising human voice auditory operable to convert text into voice auditory and / or voice auditory into text applications.
Owner:TABE JOSEPH AKWO
Mega communication and media apparatus configured to prevent brain cancerous deseases and to generate electrical energy
InactiveUS20120034954A1Good satellite communicationEasy to cutIn wearable devicesDevices with GPS signal receiverCommunication deviceVocal sound
Disclosed embodiments comprise a computer device comprising communication apparatus operatively configured for boosting communication signals to prevent cancerous diseases and to provide interactive user interface. The communication apparatus is further configured to convert sound waves, vibrations, solar energy, wind force and pressure force into electrical energy communicable to a battery cell. Disclosed embodiment encompasses three modes of communications—the Cell phone, wireless Internet applications, and Global communication and information. Embodiments provide communication apparatus operable to enhance mobile communication efficiency with touch sensitive display and energy platform configured with memories, processors, modules, and including advanced vehicular computing and media applications for in-vehicle interactive communications and wireless Internet applications. Embodiments further provide a communication apparatus comprising a gaming device, a wireless media device with visor screen configured with touch pads comprising sensors being embedded in silicon substrate and fused in micro fiber material having excellent electrical characteristics. Certain embodiments provide communication apparatus configured for voice enabled applications comprising human voice auditory operable to convert text to voice auditory and / or voice auditory to text applications, providing signal amplification with better data and graphical transmission. Embodiments further provide a communication apparatus comprising a media device configured for various communications and Internet applications.
Owner:TABE JOSEPH AKWO
Surgically implantable hearing aid
InactiveUS20060025648A1Negligible riskAttached with easeEar treatmentDeaf-aid setsDura materAcoustic wave
The invention comprises a surgically implantable hearing aid for hearing impaired persons. The hearing aid includes a vibrational element which is vibrated by sound waves and attached to the skull of the person, and a connector which crosses the mastoid cavity and delivers the sound waves to the dura mater of the human being thereby vibrating the dura mater, the cerebrospinal fluids, and the brain to create a hearing percept. The invention can also be adapted to act as a tinnitus masker or used in conjunction with a cochlear implant. It can also be used in a modified form to connect directly through the skull of the human being.
Owner:ALAN J LUPIN
Mega communication and media apparatus configured to provide faster data transmission speed and to generate electrical energy
InactiveUS9130651B2Extend battery lifeQuality improvementResonant long antennasAntenna supports/mountingsFiberDisplay device
Owner:TABE JOSEPH AKWO
Food product surface sterilization apparatus and method
InactiveUS20040052702A1Increase temperatureReduce food product temperature changeFood preservationIndirect heat exchangersUnsafe conditionUltraviolet
An apparatus is disclosed for the micro-organism surface sterilization of foods using, a "germicidal" such as light waves (e.g., ultraviolet), and in some cases in combination with (or replaced by) one or more of sound waves and ozone. The surface sterilizer apparatus may include a plurality of germicidal (e.g., ultraviolet) emitters for surface sterilization of foods that are, e.g., rotated in a drum or rotated via a screw auger. Assemblies of emitters for the germicidal may be constructed to be watertight (i.e., withstand a high pressure, heated water spray), and movable relative to the drum or screw conveyor for easy cleaning and maintenance. The apparatus may also include a controller (e.g., programmable logic controller) for controlling the sterilization process so that the apparatus does not endanger personnel nearby, and so that the food is properly sterilized. The controller may vary the amount of germicidal used, the rate that food traverses the apparatus, the inclination of the apparatus, and terminate sterilization processing when an unsafe condition is detected. The apparatus may be used in-line with other food processing equipment for the real-time sterilization of food. The controller may also communicate with food processing components upstream of the apparatus for controlling the flow of food to the surface sterilizer
Owner:C & S EQUIP COMPANY
Respiratory biofeedback devices, systems, and methods
ActiveUS20100240945A1Improve respiratory activityImprove sleep qualityRespiratory organ evaluationAngiographyTime responseSound wave
Respiratory-based biofeedback devices, systems, and methods are provided. A respiratory biofeedback method includes producing a respiratory signal in response to a user's respiratory activity, generating an audio output signal that includes a modified version of the respiratory signal, and converting the audio output signal into sound waves output to the user to provide biofeedback. The sound waves can be output to the user in real time response to the user's respiratory activity. A microphone can be used to generate the respiratory signal. The generated audio output signal can includes the respiratory signal modified to increase a volume level of a portion of the respiratory signal where the volume level exceeds a specified volume level.
Owner:BREATH RES
Methods and apparatus for alerting and/or repelling birds and other animals
InactiveUS6250255B1Power Loss MinimizationIncrease powerAvicultureAnimal repellantsPulse microwaveUnpleasant sensation
An external stimuli is provided that alerts animals to danger and / or repels the animals from certain areas. More specifically, the system and method of the present invention uses an external stimuli, such as, for example, pulsing microwaves, vibration or supersonic sound waves, in order to alert birds or other animals of danger and / or repel these same birds or animals from specific areas. These produced external stimuli may provide a reversible unpleasant sensation to the birds and other animals so that they will not only be repelled from a specific area, such as an airport, but also will avoid returning to such area. One such unpleasant sensation that is virtually harmless to the birds and other animals is the sensation of dizziness.
Owner:VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV
Reflected Sound Rendering for Object-Based Audio
ActiveUS20150350804A1Stereophonic circuit arrangementsLoudspeaker enclosure positioningObject basedAcoustic wave
Embodiments are described for rendering spatial audio content through a system that is configured to reflect audio off of one or more surfaces of a listening environment. The system includes an array of audio drivers distributed around a room, wherein at least one driver of the array of drivers is configured to project sound waves toward one or more surfaces of the listening environment for reflection to a listening area within the listening environment and a renderer configured to receive and process audio streams and one or more metadata sets that are associated with each of the audio streams and that specify a playback location in the listening environment.
Owner:DOLBY LAB LICENSING CORP
Stethoscope
InactiveUS6438238B1Minimize phase differenceImprove directional responseUltrasonic/sonic/infrasonic diagnosticsStethoscopeTransducerAcoustic wave
A chest piece for a stethoscope has a housing with a cavity. The cavity has a cavity surface which is paraboloid in shape, having an apex, an axis, and a focal point. The cavity terminates at the apex and an opening, and the focal point resides in the cavity. A transducer is positioned at the focal point. The parabolic shape of the cavity surface acts to reflect sound waves transmitted normal to the opening to the transducer, while reflecting other sound waves. A mechanical wave guide with a series of parallel passages preferably extends across the opening. Preferably, a membrane with a convex surface covers the opening. The cavity is preferably filled with a liquid or gel having physical characteristics similar to human flesh. To reduce noise from motion of the chest piece across the skin, the stethoscope can be activated by a pressure switch responsive to fluid pressure inside the cavity.
Owner:CALLAHAN MR MATTHEW G
Acoustic apparatus for preventing howling
InactiveUS20030165249A1Improves speaker and microphone sensitivityFrequency/directions obtaining arrangementsTransducer casings/cabinets/supportsSound waveOut of phase
When a sound signal is received, a sound wave generated on an upper surface of a vibration plate is transmitted to a sound collection portion through a first air passage, and a sound wave generated on a lower surface of the vibration plate is transmitted to the sound collection portion through a second air passage. The sound waves generated above and below the upper and lower surfaces of the vibration plate are about 180 degrees out of phase from each other and substantially cancel each other which minimize or prevent howling.
Owner:ALPS ALPINE CO LTD
In the ear auxiliary microphone for behind the ear hearing prosthetic
InactiveUS7106873B1Improve responseEnhanced couplingElectrotherapyImplantable hearing aidsCouplingEngineering
An In The Ear (ITE) microphone improves the acoustic response of a Behind The Ear (BTE) Implantable Cochlear Stimulation (ICS) system during telephone use. An acoustic seal provided by holding a telephone earpiece against the ear provides improved coupling of low frequency (up to about 1 KHz) sound waves, sufficient to overcome losses due to the near field acoustic characteristics common to telephones. In a preferred embodiment, the ITE microphone is connected to a removable ear hook of the BTE ICS system by a short bendable stalk.
Owner:ADVANCED BIONICS AG
Open-air noise cancellation system for large open area coverage applications
InactiveUS20070223714A1Reduce the impactReduce the amount requiredEar treatmentNoise generationWindow shutterSystem of systems
A variety of open-air noise cancellation systems are disclosed. The systems are configured to suit the needs of the particular application, for example, an open-air sound wall installation, an open-air enclosure for a quiet area, or a window / door treatment application. A particular system may a digital-based processing architecture having a digital power amplifier that shares a common circuit board. The processing architecture receives noise signals, processes out-of-phase noise cancellation signals in response to the noise signals, and generates out-of-phase sound waves that effectively cancel low frequency components of the noise signal. One system variation utilizes passive sound absorbing blades or shutters to reduce high frequency components of the noise signal. The blades can be installed as a door or window shutter mechanism.
Owner:COMFOZONE
Open-air noise cancellation for diffraction control applications
InactiveUS20060285697A1Reduce the impactReduce the amount requiredEar treatmentNoise generationEngineeringSound wave
A variety of open-air noise cancellation systems are disclosed. The systems are configured to suit the needs of the particular application, for example, a sound wall installation, a seat or chair headrest application, a patio umbrella installation, or a window / door treatment application. A particular system may utilize an analog-based or a digital-based processing architecture that receives a noise signal, processes an out-of-phase noise cancellation signal, and generates an out-of-phase sound wave that effectively cancels the noise signal.
Owner:COMFOZONE
Systems and methods for monitoring presence and movement
InactiveUS20120092502A1Improve trackingClosed circuit television systemsBurglar alarmReal-time computingHome security
Systems and methods for monitoring presence and movement are provided. One or more wave sensors configured to emit sound waves and detect reflections of the emitted sound waves may collect measurements data that is provided to one or more processing components, such as a smart security camera or a home security system. The measurements data may be evaluated in order to determine a location of a monitored subject and to detect changes in the location of the monitored subject. In this regard, movement of the monitored subject may be tracked and utilized to implement a wide variety of control actions, such as the control of security cameras and / or the triggering of alarm events.
Owner:MYSNAPCAM
Active acoustic noise reduction system
InactiveUS7317801B1Remove feedbackReduce impactTwo-way loud-speaking telephone systemsEar treatmentAudio power amplifierAcoustic noise reduction
An active acoustic noise reduction system which comprises a single input transducer and an output actuator that are physically located next to each other in the same location. In one embodiment, the input transducer and the output actuator are a hybrid represented by a single element. The active noise reduction system is located as close as possible to the noise source and functions to generate an antinoise cancellation sound wave with minimum delay and opposite phase with respect to the noise source. The noise reduction system also comprises a non linearity correction circuit, a delayed cancellation circuit and variable gain amplifier. The system provides user control of the quiet zones generated by the system by varying the gain of the variable gain amplifier. The system provides a user with the ability In one embodiment, an echo canceler is utilized to remove echoes fed back from the output actuator. In another embodiment, an input decoder is used instead of an echo canceler to remove feedback picked up from the output actuator.
Owner:SILENTIUM LTD
Determining endotracheal tube placement using acoustic reflectometry
Determining the placement of an endotracheal tube in a patient. The invention evaluates discontinuities in the medium surrounding the endotracheal tube, such as the airway, as a function of distance past an end of the endotracheal tube. Using a loudspeaker to generate sound waves, the sound waves propagate through a coiled wavetube, a connecting adapter, and an endotracheal tube, into the area of interest. With a processing system, reflected sound waves which return from the cavity back to a microphone within the wavetube are analyzed and an area-distance curve of the area in interest is constructed.
Owner:ALFRED E MANN INST FOR BIOMEDICAL ENG AT THE UNIV OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
Device and method for detecting and positioning leakage of gas transmission pipeline based on conventional data and sound wave signals
InactiveCN102563361ADetermining the speed of propagationPrecise positioningPipeline systemsData acquisitionGlobal Positioning System
The invention discloses a device and a method for detecting and positioning leakage of a gas transmission pipeline based on conventional data and sound wave signals. The detecting device comprises a sensor group, a field data acquisition processor, a global positioning system (GPS) receiver, a communication network, a central data gathering processor and a monitoring host. The detecting method comprises the following steps of: respectively acquiring sound wave data and traffic, pressure and temperature conventional data of the upstream and the downstream of the pipeline, filtering background noise from the sound wave data by using wavelet transform, respectively identifying a time domain, a frequency domain and time and frequency domain characteristics of the sound wave signals by combining the conventional data to remove external interference and realize leakage signal characteristic extraction, performing leakage positioning by adopting an improved positioning method based on a related analysis method and a GPS synchronous time method, and giving a theoretical installation distance of sound wave sensors according to a propagation model of the sound wave signals. An interface can be established between the conventional data and a field supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system, and only the sound wave sensors are arranged on the upstream and the downstream of the pipeline, so that the invention has the advantages of low investment, high equipment sensitivity and strong adaptability.
Owner:CHINA UNIV OF PETROLEUM (EAST CHINA)
Compliant electroactive polymer transducers for sonic applications
InactiveUS7608989B2Piezoelectric/electrostriction/magnetostriction machinesElectrostatic transducer loudspeakersPolymer scienceSound generation
Described herein are compliant electroactive polymer transducers for use in acoustic applications. A compliant electroactive polymer transducer includes a compliant electroactive polymer at least two electrodes. For sound production, circuitry in electrical communication with the transducer electrodes is configured to apply a driving signal that causes the electroactive polymer to deflect in the acoustic range.
Owner:SRI INTERNATIONAL
Lightweight headset for high noise environments
A lightweight communications headset includes a headband adapted to be worn on user's head. A speaker housing is carried by the headband and defines an acoustic chamber. A speaker mounted within projects sound waves into the acoustic chamber. The headband carries a pair of earpieces which are positionable adjacent to the user's ears for delivering sound thereto. The acoustic chamber is coupled to earpieces through acoustic passages which transmit sound waves produced in the acoustic chamber to the earpieces. The earpieces preferably include removable in-ear inserts, which may be constructed for insertion into the auditory canals of the user's ears. Since the in-ear inserts are removable, the headset can readily be configured for a variety of applications.
Owner:OTTO ENG
Transducer, headphone and method for reducing noise
InactiveUS20070154049A1Reduce noiseSuppress noiseMicrophonesHeadphones for stereophonic communicationElectrical conductorAcoustic noise reduction
A transducer, a headphone and a method reduce noise and / or ambient sounds. The headphone has a microphone, a transducer and / or an electrical circuit for producing and / or for transmitting an anti-noise sound wave and / or a noise compensation signal inside an ear cup of the headphone. The anti-noise sound wave and / or the noise compensation signal cancels, dampens and / or reduces a sound wave of the noise and / or of the ambient sounds inside the ear cup. The transducer produces and / or transmits an audio signal which is received by an ear of a user. The microphone and the transducer are connected to, are attached to and / or are in communication with the electrical circuit within the headphone. The transducer has a double-sided diaphragm with concentric circular corrugations and / or foil spiral conductors on each side of the diaphragm. The microphone inside the ear cup is covered by and / or is connected to a sound absorbing material inside the ear cup of the headphone. An ear cushion having a inner side and an outer side is attached to and / or is connected to the ear cup for receiving an ear of a user. The inner side and the outer side of the ear cushion are made from an acoustically resistive material and an acoustically isolating material.
Owner:SLS INT
Lithology identification method
ActiveCN104989392ALithology Identification ContinuousMeet the evaluationBorehole/well accessoriesLithologyPorosity
The invention discloses a lithology identification method. The lithology identification method comprises the steps that firstly, conventional three-porosity (sound waves, density and neutrons) logging measured values of N rock core samples are obtained through the steps of thin section authentication, X-ray diffraction analysis, rock core true depth determination and the like; secondly, the relative distance between two parameters of conventional three-porosity logging is obtained, and the quantitative relation between the relative distance of the two parameters and primary mineral components obtained through X-ray diffraction total rock analysis is obtained according to the relative distance of the two parameters and the mineral components of the N rock core samples; thirdly, rock classification based on the relative distance of the two parameters is established and can be applied to lithology identification of fine grain sedimentary facies area logging, and continuous lithology identification can be carried out on well stratums without core sampled.
Owner:PETROCHINA CO LTD
Method and apparatus for directional enhancement of speech elements in noisy environments
InactiveUS20070053522A1Increase signal strengthEar treatmentMicrophones signal combinationHigh signal intensityReference vector
A listening device and respective method for processing speech audio signals present in noisy acoustical sound waves captured from an adjacent environment for persons with normal hearing. The device comprises a housing for providing acoustical and mechanical coupling to a user's ear, the housing having a first portion for positioning in the ear and an elongated second portion extending from the first portion. The device also comprises a pair of spaced apart microphones positioned on a line-of-sight reference vector and supported by the housing, at least one of the microphones located in the elongated second portion of the housing, the microphones configured for capturing the acoustical sound waves from the environment including speech related elements and non-speech related elements. A digital signal processor is supported by the housing and is configured for digitally processing the captured acoustical sound waves to identify and select the speech related elements propagating towards the second portion in the vicinity of along the line of sight vector and for enhancing the signal strength of the selected speech related elements with respect to other of the elements in the captured acoustical sound waves to generate a processed acoustical digital signal. A receiver located in the first portion is used for converting the processed acoustical digital signals into processed analog acoustical signals and for transmitting the processed analog acoustical signals into the user's ear.
Owner:SONAMI COMM
Notification System And The Method Of Mobile Phone Call Arrival Using Sound Communication
InactiveUS20070265038A1Effective serviceImprove performanceCurrent supply arrangementsSubstation equipmentAcoustic waveLoudspeaker
Disclosed is an incoming call notifying system for notifying a user of an incoming call of a mobile terminal. The incoming call notifying system comprises: a mobile terminal including a speaker configured to output a sound wave and a controller configured to control so as to output a sound wave signal of a predetermined frequency to the speaker in the incoming call; and an incoming call notifying apparatus including a microphone configured to receive a surrounding sound wave, a processor configured to analyze the sound wave received from the microphone, determine whether the received sound wave is the sound wave signal sent from the speaker of the mobile terminal, and if so, send a command a to notifying means.
Owner:KIM JOON SIK
Wind energy installation
The invention relates to a wind energy installation (10) having a rotor (18) which can be driven by wind and has at least one rotor blade (22), having a generator for conversion of the mechanical energy of the rotor (18) to electrical energy, and having a tower (14) on which the rotor (18) is arranged, in which the rotor blade (22) has one or more additional masses (36, 40) and / or active and / or passive oscillation dampers (24), which are designed in such a manner that movements of the rotor blade (22), in particular oscillations, which are initiated by external influences and are directed towards the tower or away from it are prevented and / or damped. The invention also relates to a method for operation of a wind energy installation, preferably of an off-shore wind energy installation, in which one or more components of the wind energy installation, preferably the tower (14), have opposing vibration applied to them in order to reduce / prevent sound waves which result from component vibration and disturb animals and / or people, which opposing vibration counteracts vibration (which produces sound) of the component (14), and reduces or prevents this component vibration.
Owner:DAUBNER & STOMMEL BAU WERK PLANUNG
Method and apparatus for detecting leakage of liquid pressure pipeline
InactiveCN1755342AEasy to set upImprove detection accuracyDetection of fluid at leakage pointMeasurement of fluid loss/gain rateLine tubingSound wave
The invention discloses a liquid pressure pipe leakage measuring method and apparatus which comprises the following steps: positioning the two sensors inside the measuring pipe on the two sides explored pipe wire of the tested leakage pipe to obtain the noise signal, doing high pass filter, signal amplify and auto-gaining to the noise signal, finding the corresponding audio range signal, sending the noise signal to the leakage location analysis system by the cable on by wireless type, ascertaining the time differential of the two sensors by the multi-analysis of the two signals by the leakage location analysis system, computing the distance between the leakage point to the two sensors by the time differential and the transmitting speed of the distance and the sound wave of the two sensors.
Owner:北京埃德尔黛威新技术有限公司
Treatment of vision disorders using electrical, light, and/or sound energy
ActiveUS7251528B2Restore visionSafe, improved, noninvasive method for the restoration of visionElectrotherapyLight therapySound energyLight energy
Owner:BIOVISICS MEDICAL INC
Mobile media device case/attachment for providing passive acoustic boosting
InactiveUS20130170686A1More audible soundEnhance listening experienceLoudspeaker casing supportsTransducer protection circuitsLoudspeakerEngineering
A passive acoustic booster attachment for a mobile media device is disclosed, the attachment including an attaching portion, and a passive acoustic boosting portion extending from the attaching portion. The attaching portion attaches the passive acoustic booster attachment to the mobile media device. The passive acoustic boosting portion includes an acoustic waveguide, the acoustic waveguide being a conduit capable of guiding sound waves from at least one speaker of the mobile media device towards a listener. In some embodiments, the attaching portion serves as a case that holds and secures the entire perimeter of the mobile media device. In some embodiments, the attaching portion is a clip that can attach to a mobile media device. By guiding the sound waves produced by the speakers of the mobile media device, the passive acoustic booster attachment provides an enhanced listening experience.
Owner:LESTER JR GARY A
Cleaning system and method using ultrasonic vibrations and a fluid stream
A preferred embodiment of a system for cleaning a surface a system for cleaning a surface includes a wand comprising a body, a neck mechanically coupled to the body, and a brush mechanically coupled to the neck and comprising a plurality of bristles for contacting the surface. The wand also includes an ultrasound generator mounted on at least one of the neck and the body so that ultrasonic vibrations generated by the ultrasound generator cause the bristles to oscillate and ultrasonic sound waves generated by the ultrasound generator are directed toward the surface. The system further includes a fitting mounted on at least one of the neck and the brush for receiving pressurized fluid and directing the pressurized fluid toward the surface.
Owner:LEIS HENRY J
Respiratory apparatus and methods of respiratory treatment
InactiveUS20050005935A1Overcome disadvantagesRespiratorsOperating means/releasing devices for valvesUltrasonic sensorMedicine
Methods and apparatus for detecting apnoea that use ultrasonic sound waves are disclosed. The method consists of applying ultrasonic sound waves of varying frequency to a patient's airway and detecting their reflected sound waves. The sound waves are then analysed to determine whether there is a narrowing of the airway. In particular a transmitting ultrasonic transducer and receiving ultrasonic transducer are located on the interior surface of a mask and positioned so as to be directed towards the nares of the patient. A signal is emitted through the transmitting transducer and received at the receiving transducer. The received signal indicates a distance to a reflection or a distance to the narrowing of the upper respiratory tract. In this manner obstructions or narrowing of a patient's airway tract may be identified as reflections which appear at anatomically appropriate distances.
Owner:FISHER & PAYKEL HEALTHCARE LTD
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