Provided herein are devices, systems, and methods of employing the same for the performance of
bioinformatics analysis. The apparatuses and methods of the disclosure are directed in part to large scale
graphene FET sensors, arrays, and integrated circuits employing the same for
analyte measurements. The present GFET sensors, arrays, and integrated circuits may be fabricated using conventional
CMOS processing techniques based on improved GFET pixel and array designs that increase measurement sensitivity and accuracy, and at the same time facilitate significantly small pixel sizes and dense GFET sensor based arrays. Improved fabrication techniques employing
graphene as a
reaction layer provide for rapid
data acquisition from small sensors to large and dense arrays of sensors. Such arrays may be employed to detect a presence and / or concentration changes of various
analyte types in a wide variety of chemical and / or biological processes, including
DNA hybridization and / or sequencing reactions. Accordingly, GFET arrays facilitate
DNA sequencing techniques based on monitoring changes in
hydrogen ion concentration (pH), changes in other
analyte concentration, and / or binding events associated with chemical processes relating to
DNA synthesis within a gated
reaction chamber of the GFET based sensor.