The invention relates to a novel straw direct gasification and poly-cogeneration device and preparation process. The device comprises a gasification furnace, a loading device, a pushing device, a pressing device, a distributing device, a carbon discharging device, a washing device, a fan, a water seal filtration device, a gas storage cabinet and a control cabinet. According to the invention, straw which does not need to be processed is directly fed into the gasification furnace for gasification through the loading, pushing, pressing and distributing devices, thereby effectively controlling straw cogenerated straw carbon and straw gas, matching a carbon shaving grate and the carbon discharging device to collect the straw carbon, carrying out labyrinth spraying and washing and separating the straw gas from straw extract, and filtering and collecting the straw gas in the water seal filtration device. The device has high reliability, good safety, strong practicability, simple gasification process, good gasification effect, high straw utilization ratio and low operation cost.