The invention relates to a method for preparing ferroboron based on a thermit self-propagating gradient reduction and
slag-washing refining, and belongs to the technical field of
ferroalloy. The method comprises the steps that after raw materials are preprocessed, by
mass, 1.0 part of boric anhydride, 1.33-4.49 parts of Fe2O3
powder, 1.22-2.29 parts of aluminum power and 0.6-3.2 parts of CaO are weighed; then a thermit self-propagating reaction is conducted by adopting the mode of gradient feeding to obtain high temperature molten liquid, and gradient reduction
smelting is conducted; after feeding is completed, thermal-insulation melt separation is conducted; and CaO-CaF2 base refining
slag is added into the high temperature molten liquid, and the ferroboron is obtained after
slag is removed. The gradient-feeding method achieves controlling over the reaction process and the temperature and thorough reducing of metallic oxides, and moreover, the smaller the gradients of the aluminum coefficients are, the fewer aluminum residues in the
alloy molten liquid are; slag-washing refining achieves thorough
chemical reaction of a slag-
metal interface and slag-
metal separation, and the
recovery rate of
boron is enhanced; and meanwhile, the temperature of the molten liquid is reduced, the
system reaction heat is utilized, and
energy consumption is reduced.