The invention discloses a method for producing straw mushrooms by using bagasse, mulberry stalks and maize pulps. A high temperature fermentation process is performed in advance by using a cultivation material for the straw mushrooms, the bagasse, mulberry stalks and maize pulps are smashed, lime and thermophilic bacteria are added, full mixing is performed, water is sprayed, a thin film is covered for fermentation, piles are turned over, wheat bran and fish meal are scattered into the cultivation material, thorough mixing is performed, piles are arranged again, the film is covered for fermentation for two days, pile overturning over is performed for two to threes times in such a way, thorough mixing is performed, heating to 70-80 DEG C is performed, sterilization for 15 hours is performed, cooling to the room temperature is performed, the temperature is maintained to be 30-35 DEG C, strains are inoculated, and the straw mushrooms grow after eight to ten days. According to the method, the thermophilic bacteria are used for fermenting the raw material, the raw material is easily thoroughly decomposed, the biological efficiency of the raw material is improved, the yield of the straw mushrooms is increased, the temperature in the high temperature period is increased, the growth temperature of the straw mushrooms can be quickly reached, year-round cultivation is available, and the energy consumption of mushroom houses is reduced.