The invention relates to the field of composite crop fertilizers, and in particular relates to a high-fertility sustained-release composite fertilizer special for sugarcane planting. The composite fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-18 parts of wheat bran, 6-8 parts of black humic acid, 8-10 parts of humic acid, 10-12 parts of mushroom stem, 8-10 parts of agrocybe cylindracea stem, 12-15 parts of sorghum straw, 3-5 parts of decomposed coal, 5-6 parts of sweet potato powder, 25-30 parts of peat soil, 6-8 parts of cellulose ether, 4-5 parts of starch ether, 3-5 parts of sodium tetraborate, 1-2 parts of silicon oil, 0.1-0.2 part of taurine, 2-4 parts of glutamine, 1-3 parts of black alum, 0.2-0.3 part of Twain 80, 6-8 parts of cane shoot shell, 10-12 parts of potassium metabisulfite, 15-18 parts of waste kelp residue, 12-15 parts of citric acid tripotassium and 3-5 parts of additives. According to the composite fertilizer provided by the invention, organic carbonized powder with an adsorption property is mixed with an organic fermentation liquid, medium trace elements and additives, a function of immobilizing nutrients is achieved, a sustained-release fertilization effect is achieved through a sustained-release filming agent, and the composite fertilizer is long lasting and efficient in fertilizer efficiency, the absorption and utilization rate of crops on the nutrient is high, plants are thick and solid and high in sweetness, and the planting benefits are improved.