The invention belongs to the field of preparation of inorganic non-metallic materials, and in particular relates to a preparation method of hydrated barium oxalate (BaC2O4·0·5H2O) microcrystals with the appearance of firewood. At 50°C, aging for 2-24 hours, then filtered, washed, and dried to obtain hydrated barium oxalate microcrystals. The soluble divalent barium salt of the present invention is one or a mixture of barium chloride, barium nitrate or barium acetate, and the soluble oxalate is one or a mixture of sodium oxalate, potassium oxalate or ammonium oxalate. The process of the invention is simple and easy, high in purity, low in impurity content, good in dispersibility and low in cost, and the obtained product has a diameter of 1-3 mm and a length of 5-15 mm. The hydrated barium oxalate crystallite with the appearance of firewood prepared by the invention can be widely used in the fields of automobiles, electronics, machinery, chemical industry, construction and the like, and is also an excellent precursor for preparing other barium salt functional materials.