859 results about "Highly selective" patented technology

A method of fabricating a sub-feature size pillar structure on an integrated circuit. The process first provides a substrate having formed thereon a phase change layer, an electrode layer and a hard-mask layer. Then there is formed a feature-size hard-mask, by lithographically patterning, etching and stripping a photoresist layer, followed by trimming the hard-mask to a selected sub-feature size, wherein the trimming step is highly selective between the electrode and phase change material layers and the hard-mask. The final steps are trimming the electrode and phase change layers to the size of the hard-mask and removing the hard-mask.

A method of selectively removing fluorocarbon layers from overlying low-k dielectric material is described. These protective plasma treatments (PPT) are delicate alternatives to traditional post-etch treatments (PET). The method includes sequential exposure to (1) a local plasma formed from a silicon-fluorine precursor followed by (2) an exposure to plasma effluents formed in a remote plasma from a fluorine-containing precursor. The remote plasma etch (2) has been found to be highly selective of the residual material following the local plasma silicon-fluorine exposure. The sequential process (1)-(2) avoids exposing the low-k dielectric material to oxygen which would undesirably increase its dielectric constant.

A method of selectively removing fluorocarbon layers from overlying low-k dielectric material is described. These protective plasma treatments (PPT) are delicate alternatives to traditional post-etch treatments (PET). The method includes sequential exposure to (1) a local plasma formed from a silicon-fluorine precursor followed by (2) an exposure to plasma effluents formed in a remote plasma from a fluorine-containing precursor. The remote plasma etch (2) has been found to be highly selective of the residual material following the local plasma silicon-fluorine exposure. The sequential process (1)-(2) avoids exposing the low-k dielectric material to oxygen which would undesirably increase its dielectric constant.

Embodiments described herein generally provide a method for performing a semiconductor precleaning process. More specifically, embodiments provided herein relate to boron ionization for aluminum oxide etch enhancement. A process for removing native oxide from aluminum may utilize ionized boron alone or in combination with a halogen plasma. The ionized boron may provide improved aluminum oxide etching properties while being highly selective for native oxides more generally.

In the process sequence for replacing conventional gate electrode structures by high-k metal gate structures, the number of additional masking steps may be maintained at a low level, for instance by using highly selective etch steps, thereby maintaining a high degree of compatibility with conventional CMOS techniques. Furthermore, the techniques disclosed herein enable compatibility to front-end process techniques and back-end process techniques, thereby allowing the integration of well-established strain-inducing mechanisms in the transistor level as well as in the contact level.

A method for the start-up of a process for the epoxidation of an olefin, which method comprisescontacting a catalyst bed comprising a silver-based highly selective epoxidation catalyst, or a precursor of the catalyst comprising the silver in cationic form, with a feed comprising oxygen at a temperature of the catalyst bed above 260° C. for a period of at most 150 hours, andsubsequently decreasing the temperature of the catalyst bed to a value of at most 260° C., and a process for the epoxidation of an olefin, which process, comprisescontacting a catalyst bed comprising a silver-based highly selective epoxidation catalyst, or a precursor of the catalyst comprising the silver in cationic form, with a feed comprising oxygen at a temperature of the catalyst bed above 260° C. for a period of at most 150 hours, andsubsequently decreasing the-temperature of the catalyst bed to a value of at most 260° C. and contacting the catalyst with the feed comprising the olefin and oxygen.

The invention provides a platform technology with rich ability to flexibly perform, create, deploy, maintain, and update a wide range of panels, assay, array, and / or sequence of tests for a wide range of substances and pathogens. The invention provides a unifying framework for widely-ranging miniature sensor implementation, fluidic / gas interfacing, electrical interfaces and optical interfaces, and further by collocating, allowing the integration a large number highly-selective sensors and chemical sensors—together as needed with appropriately selected supplemental sensors (for example temperature, pH, selective ions, etc.), into a common readily-manufacturable framework. The diverse sensor arrays give rise to statistical enhancing through novel statistical processing approaches. The invention is deployable and useable in a wide range of situations previously unavailable, and addresses many otherwise problematic aspects of field testing for food safety, water safety, epidemic outbreaks, routine diagnosis, and disease monitoring.

A process for producing one or more white oils, by: a) hydroisomerization dewaxing a waxy feed with a defined composition over a highly selective and active wax hydroisomerization catalyst with a defined composition under conditions sufficient to produce a white oil; and b) collecting one or more white oils, wherein the yield of white oils is high, and they have a low pour point and a good Saybolt color. Also, a process for producing medicinal grade white oils, by a)hydroisomerization dewaxing a waxy feed with a defined composition over a highly selective and active wax hydroisomerization catalyst with a defined composition under conditions sufficient to produce a white oil, b) collecting technical grade white oils having a low pour point and good Saybolt color in high yield, and c) hydrofinishing the technical grade white oils at conditions sufficient to produce medicinal grade white oils that pass the RCS test.

Ophthalmic devices are provided having a violet-light vertical cut-off filter abruptly absorbs light between the wave lengths of between approximately and 400 nm and 450 nm such that a curve when plotted as percent transmission versus wavelength has the shape as depicted in FIG. 2. In one embodiment the ophthalmic devices are made from acrylates and the light absorbing compound is an Eastman Yellow 035 MA dye.

Neuromuscular stimulation assemblies, systems, and methods make possible the providing of short-term therapy or diagnostic testing by providing electrical connections between muscles or nerves inside the body and stimulus generators or recording instruments mounted on the surface of the skin outside the body.

Ophthalmic devices are provided having a violet-light vertical cut-off filter abruptly absorbs light between the wave lengths of between approximately and 400 nm and 450 nm such that a curve when plotted as percent transmission versus wavelength has the shape as depicted in FIG. 2. In one embodiment the ophthalmic devices are made from acrylates and the light absorbing compound is an Eastman Yellow 035 MA dye.

The invention discloses a dual-functional catalyst composition and an integrated process for production of olefin epoxides including propylene oxide by catalytic reaction of hydrogen peroxide from hydrogen and oxygen with olefin feeds such as propylene. The epoxides and hydrogen peroxide are preferably produced simultaneously in situ. The dual-functional catalyst comprises noble metal crystallites with dimensions on the nanometer scale (on the order of <1 nm to 10 nm), specially dispersed on titanium silicalite substrate particles. The dual functional catalyst catalyzes both the direct reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to generate hydrogen peroxide intermediate on the noble metal catalyst surface and the reaction of the hydrogen peroxide intermediate with the propylene feed to generate propylene oxide product. Combining both these functions in a single catalyst provides a very efficient integrated process operable below the flammability limits of hydrogen and highly selective for the production of hydrogen peroxide to produce olefin oxides such as propylene oxide without formation of undesired co-products.

A process for the epoxidation of an olefin, which process comprises reacting a feed comprising the olefin, oxygen and a reaction modifier in the presence of a highly selective silver-based catalyst at a reaction temperature T, and with the reaction modifier being present in a relative quantity Q which is the ratio of an effective molar quantity of active species of the reaction modifier present in the feed to an effective molar quantity of hydrocarbons present in the feed, and which process comprises the steps of:operating at a first operating phase wherein the value of T is T1 and the value of Q is Q1, andsubsequently operating at a second operating phase at a reaction temperature which is different from the reaction temperature employed in the first operating phase, such that the value of T is T2 and the value of Q is substantially Q2, whereby Q2 is determined by calculation and Q2 is defined by the formulaQ2=Q1+B(T2−T1),wherein B denotes a constant factor which is greater than 0; a reaction system suitable for performing the process for the epoxidation of an olefin; a computer program product which comprises a computer readable program recorded on a computer readable medium, suitable for instructing a data processing system of a computer system to execute calculations for the process for the epoxidation of an olefin; and a computer system which comprises the computer program product and a data processing system.

A system and method for highly selective intrusion detection using a sparse array of ultra wideband (UWB) radars. Two or more UWB radars are arranged in a sparse array around an area to be protected. Each UWB radar transmits ultra wideband pulses that illuminate the area to be protected. Signal return data is processed to determine, among other things, whether an alarm condition has been triggered. High resolution radar images are formed that give an accurate picture of the area to be protected. This image is used to detect motion in a highly selective manner and to track moving objects within the protected area. Motion can be distinguished based on criteria appropriate to the environment in which the intrusion detection system operates.

Methods and sensors for selective fluid sensing are provided. Each sensor includes a resonant inductor-capacitor-resistor (LCR) sensor that is coated with a sensing material. In order to collect data, an impedance spectrum is acquired over a relatively narrow frequency range, such as the resonant frequency range of the LCR circuit. A multivariate signature may be calculated from the acquired spectrum to discern the presence of certain fluids and / or fluid mixtures. The presence of fluids is detected by measuring the changes in dielectric, dimensional, resistance, charge transfer, and other changes in the properties of the materials employed by observing the changes in the resonant electronic properties of the circuit. By using a mathematical procedure, such as principal components analysis (PCA) and others, multiple fluids and mixtures can be detected in the presence of one another, even in a high humidity environment or an environment wherein one or more fluids has a substantially higher concentration (e.g. 10×, 1,000,000×) compared to other components in the mixture.

The present invention relates to certain novel dinucleotides and formulations thereof which are highly selective agonists of the P2Y2 and / or P2Y4 purinergic receptor. They are useful in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases such as chronic bronchitis, PCD, cystic fibrosis, as well as prevention of pneumonia due to immobility. Furthermore, because of their general ability to clear retained mucus secretions and stimulate ciliary beat frequency, the compounds of the present invention are also useful in the treatment of sinusitis, otitis media and nasolacrimal duct obstruction. They are also useful for treatment of dry eye disease and retinal detachment as well as facilitating sputum induction and expectoration.

The process of the present invention is directed toward conducting highly selective, high yield post polymerization reactions on polymers to prepare functionalized polymers. An embodiment of the present invention comprises conducting click chemistry reactions on polymers. Preferably, the polymers were prepared by controlled polymerization processes. Therefore, embodiments of the present invention comprise processes for the preparation of polymers comprising conducting a click chemistry reaction on a functional group attached to a polymer, wherein the polymer has a molecular weight distribution of less than 2.0. The functional polymers may be prepared by converting an attached functional unit on the polymer thereby providing site specific functional materials, site specific functional materials comprising additional functionality, or chain extended functional materials. Embodiments of the process of the present invention include functionalization reactions, chain extensions reactions, to form mock copolymer linking reactions, and attaching side chains to form graft copolymers, for example.

The method is intended for obtaining nanosize amorphous particles, which find use in various fields of science and technology; in particular, metallic nanostructures can be regarded as a promising material for creating new sensors and electronic and optoelectronic devices and for developing new types of highly selective solid catalysts. The method for obtaining nanoparticles includes the following stages: dispersion of a molten material; supply of the resulting liquid drops of this material into a plasma with parameters satisfying the aforementioned relationships, which is formed in an inert gas at a pressure of 10−4-10−1 Pa; cooling of liquid nanoparticles formed in the said plasma to their hardening; and deposition of the resulting solid nanoparticles onto a support.

A method for improving the selectivity of a supported highly selective epoxidation catalyst comprising silver in a quantity of at most 0.17 g per m2 surface area of the support, which method comprisescontacting the catalyst, or a precursor of the catalyst comprising the silver in cationic form, with a feed comprising oxygen at a catalyst temperature above 250° C. for a duration of up to 150 hours, andsubsequently decreasing the catalyst temperature to a value of at most 250° C.; anda process for the epoxidation of an olefin, which process comprisescontacting a supported highly selective epoxidation catalyst comprising silver in a quantity of at most 0.17 g per m2 surface area of the support, or a precursor of the catalyst comprising the silver in cationic form, with a feed comprising oxygen at a catalyst temperature above 250° C. for a duration of up to 150 hours, andsubsequently decreasing the catalyst temperature to a value of at most 250° C. and contacting the catalyst with the feed comprising the olefin and oxygen.

The present invention relates to highly selective phosphodieterase (PDE) enzyme inhibitors and to their use in pharmaceutical articles of manufacture. In particular, the present invention relates to potent inhibitors of cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) that when incorporated into a pharmaceutical product at about 1 to about 20 mg unit dosage are useful for the treatment of sexual dysfunction.

The present invention discloses microporous aluminophosphate (AlPO4) molecular sieve membranes and methods for making and using the same. The microporous AlPO4 molecular sieve membranes, particularly small pore microporous AlPO-14 and AlPO-18 molecular sieve membranes, are prepared by three different methods, including in-situ crystallization of a layer of AlPO4 molecular sieve crystals on a porous membrane support, coating a layer of polymer-bound AlPO4 molecular sieve crystals on a porous membrane support, and a seeding method by in-situ crystallization of a continuous second layer of AlPO4 molecular sieve crystals on a seed layer of AlPO4 molecular sieve crystals supported on a porous membrane support. The microporous AlPO4 molecular sieve membranes have superior thermal and chemical stability, good erosion resistance, high CO2 plasticization resistance, and significantly improved selectivity over polymer membranes for gas and liquid separations, including carbon dioxide / methane (CO2 / CH4), carbon dioxide / nitrogen (CO2 / N2), and hydrogen / methane (H2 / CH4) separations.

Neuromuscular stimulation assemblies, systems, and methods make possible the providing of short-term therapy or diagnostic testing by providing electrical connections between muscles or nerves inside the body and stimulus generators or recording instruments mounted on the surface of the skin outside the body.

A method for forming strained Si or SiGe on relaxed SiGe on insulator (SGOI) or a SiGe on Si heterostructure is described incorporating growing epitaxial Si1-yGey layers on a semiconductor substrate, smoothing surfaces by Chemo-Mechanical Polishing, bonding two substrates together via thermal treatments and transferring the SiGe layer from one substrate to the other via highly seletive etching using SiGe itself as the etch-stop. The transferred SiGe layer may have its upper surface smoothed by CMP for epitaxial deposition of relaxed Si1-yGey, and strained Si1-yGey depending upon composition, strained Si, strained SiC, strained Ge, strained GeC, and strained Si1-yGeyC or a heavily doped layer to make electrical contacts of the SiGe / Si heterojunction diodes.

A method and chip for fusing droplets in a chip comprising (i) providing a first set of droplets which are partially or not stabilized by surfactant, (ii) providing a second set of droplets which are stabilized by surfactant, (iii) contacting each droplet of the first set with single or multiple droplets of the second set in a pairing module and (iv) fusing droplets of the first set with droplets of the second set through a droplet fusion module in which the droplets experience at least one acceleration and / or deceleration and / or reorientation and / or rearrangement in space and time.

A crystalline titanosilicate catalyst which is usable as a catalyst in the oxidation reaction of a compound having a carbon-carbon double bond and at least one other functional group, a process for producing the catalyst, and a process for producing an oxidized compound by an oxidation reaction using the catalyst. It has been found that a crystalline titanosilicate having a structural code of MWW effectively functions as a catalyst in an oxidation reaction of a compound having a carbon-carbon double bond and at least one other functional group wherein the carbon-carbon double bond of the compound is oxidized by using a peroxide as an oxidizing agent, thereby to highly selectively provide an intended oxidized compound.

This invention provides methods for producing ethylene glycol from polyhydroxy compounds such as cellulose, starch, hemicellulose, glucose, sucrose, fructose, fructan, xylose and soluble xylooligosaccharides. The methods uses polyhydroxy compounds as the reactant, a composite catalyst having active components comprising one or more transition metals of Groups 8, 9, or 10, including iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, iridium, and platinum, as well as tungsten oxide, tungsten sulfide, tungsten hydroxide, tungsten chloride, tungsten bronze oxide, tungsten acid, tungstate, metatungstate acid, metatungstate, paratungstate acid, paratungstate, peroxotungstic acid, pertungstate, heteropoly acid containing tungsten. Reacting at a temperature of 120-300° C. and a hydrogen pressure of 1-13 MPa under hydrothermal conditions to accomplish one-step catalytic conversion. It realizes efficient, highly selective, high yield preparation of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol from polyhydroxy compounds. The advantage of processes disclosed in this invention include renewable raw material and high atom economy. At the same time, compared with other technologies that converts biomass raw materials into polyols, methods disclosed herein enjoy advantages including simple reaction process, high yield of targeted products, as well as easy preparation and low cost for the catalysts.

The present disclosure provides a method including forming STI features in a silicon substrate, defining a first and a second active regions for a PFET and an NFET, respectively; forming a hard mask having an opening to expose the silicon substrate within the first active region; etching the silicon substrate through the opening to form a recess within the first active region; growing a SiGe layer in the recess such that a top surface of the SiGe layer within the first active region and a top surface of the silicon substrate within the second active region are substantially coplanar; forming metal gate material layers; patterning the metal gate material layers to form a metal gate stack on the SiGe layer within the first active region; and forming an eSiGe S / D stressor distributed in both the SiGe layer and the silicon substrate within the first active region.

Modified resins are disclosed for removing a wide variety of solids and / or ionic species from the liquids in which they are suspended and / or dissolved. These modified resins are especially useful as froth flotation depressants in the beneficiation of many types of materials (e.g., mineral and metal ores), including the beneficiation of impure coal comprising clay impurities, as well as in the separation of valuable bitumen from solid contaminants such as sand. The modified resins are also useful for treating aqueous liquid suspensions to facilitate the removal of solid particulates, as well as the removal of metallic ions in the purification of water. The modified resins comprise a base resin that is modified with a coupling agent, which is highly selective for binding to solid contaminants and especially siliceous materials such as sand or clay.