34 results about "Biogeochemistry" patented technology

A new and improved in situ biogeochemical reactor, methods for constructing such reactors, and methods for using such reactors, for biodegradation, detoxification and mineralization of toxic organic and inorganic compounds, especially dioxins, in contaminated geologic settings, such as waterways is disclosed. The system includes both an anaerobic component and an aerobic component that are coupled to each other. The system is enriched with carbon, nutrients and growth factors in sufficient amounts to establish a full spectrum oxidation-reduction gradient thereby enabling, promoting and providing indigenous microbial populations to biodegrade, detoxify, and mineralize toxic organic and inorganic compounds in a contaminated geological site.

An ecological system model for a self-sustaining and resilient human habitation on the Moon and Mars and for food security and climate change mitigation anywhere on Earth. It takes into account the ecological and biological theories and principles by which Earth ecosystems function and applies this knowledge to the establishment of a closed ecological system that mimics the self-sustaining and resilient capacity of Earth. Three zones are used for human habitation, agriculture, and ecological buffer. Expedited primary succession is used to initially establish the agricultural zone and ecological buffer zone with fully functioning biogeochemical cycles and ecological services. Competitive redundancy ensures the security of the food crops while maintaining the biodiversity of plant species. Ecological service reservoirs provide the additional buffering capacity that would normally be supplies by surrounding ecosystems on Earth.

The invention relates to an in-situ purification technology which can be used for reductive dechlorination, heavy metal precipitation and microbial denitrification reaction. The in-situ purification technology requires an anaerobic reaction area used for precipitating and filtering soluble heavy metal, such as metal sulfide and nitrate which are converted to nitrogen, precipitates and filtered chromium. A pump process system is composed of one or more wells which extend to an underground pollution saturated zone. There are conduits in the wells, and the conduits are used for conveying carbohydrate and sulfate to the pollution saturated zone. In a reaction zone, dissolved state oxygen content is lower than 0.5mg / L, redox potential is lower than -250mv, and the ratio of soluble organic carbon compounds to pollutants is higher than 50:1. Meanwhile, microbes digest carbohydrate, sulfate can be reduced and methane can be generated. In this biogeochemical environment, PCE dechlorination can be caused for reduction to obtain TCE, TCE further undergoes dechlorination to generate DCE, dechlorination is carried out again to generate VE, and ethene is finally generated. Meanwhile, heavy metal precipitation and microbial denitrification reaction are also caused in the biogeochemical environment.

The invention relates to a system and method for the substantially permanent biogeochemical stabilization of solids impacted with hexavalent chromium / Cr(VI), including chromite ore processing residue (“COPR”). The invention comprises a novel treatment method of adding amendment(s) to COPR or other chromate impacted solids for the purpose of (1) weathering COPR minerals (when present) to convert the minerals that control alkalinity of the COPR to non-alkaline forms and liberate incorporated hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in the process; (2) providing a chemical reductant (ferrous iron) to rapidly and permanently reduce the available Cr(VI) to trivalent form (Cr(III)); and / or (3) supporting longer-term biogeochemical Cr(VI) reduction enhanced by recycling of the chemical reductant, ultimately rendering the material non-hazardous as measured by acceptable methods. Amendments include but are not limited to acids; sources of ferrous iron; fermentable organic carbon source(s); and / or a source of active anaerobic microbes.

The invention discloses an ex-situ determination method for the pH value of plant sap. The ex-situ determination method comprises the following steps: washing an air-dried or kiln-dried plant organ sample with tap water and deionized water five times respectively, then drying the plant organ sample in a drying box at 40 DEG C, then crushing the plant organ sample with pulverizer and carrying out screening with a 60-mesh sieve; accurately weighing 0.4 to 0.6 g of powder obtained in the previous step, placing the powder in a teflon crucible, then adding 2 to 5 mL of deionized water to allow the powder to be totally immersed in the deionized water and then carrying out standing and immersion for 30 to 60 min; and filtering out leachate and determining the pH value of the leachate by using a pH electrode so as to obtain the pH value of plant sap. The method provided by the invention overcomes the technical problem that the pH value of plant sap can only be determined in situ in an organ and provides technical guarantee for application of the pH value to research of fields like phytophysiology, plant nutriology and biogeochemistry.

A method for obtaining key parameters of a river multi-level dam system, comprising the following steps: 1) constructing a biogeochemical budget model and a pollutant output coefficient model of pollutants in a river basin; 3) Determine the relationship between river flow, retention time, multi-level dam, and river pollutant retention rate; 4) According to the initial concentration of non-point source pollution entering the river, the concentration expected to be purified after interception, and The interception rate of pollutants by a single-stage dam determines the number of dam-building stages; 5) Multi-stage hydraulic lifting dams are constructed according to the dam-building stages. The method for obtaining key parameters of a river multi-stage dam system of the present invention improves the simulation accuracy of large-scale non-point source pollution in the river basin and the simulation accuracy of the time scale of non-point source pollution in the river basin; strengthens the self-purification ability of the river to improve the water quality, and meets the requirements of the receiving water body. Pollutant discharge requirements.

The invention relates to a contamination polyphase metabolism germiculture and product collection interface device used for an analyzer, aiming at solving the problem of on-line detection combined use. The technical proposal is as follows: the contamination polyphase metabolism germiculture and product collection interface device consists of a germiculture device and a cooling dewatering device which are communicated with each other. The germiculture device comprises a bottle body, a bottle cap and a liner tube which is arranged in the bottle body. The bottle cap is provided with two switching valves. Two pipelines are communicated with the inside and the outside of the bottle cap by the switching valves. Two pipelines at the outer end of the bottle cap are provided with a throttle switch. Two pipelines at the inner end of the bottle cap are extended into the liner tube with different lengths. The pipeline with longer extended end is a gas-carrier inlet pipeline, and the pipeline withshorter extended end is a gas-carrier outlet pipeline. A sealing ring is arranged between the bottle body and the bottle cap. The contamination polyphase metabolism germiculture and product collection interface device satisfies the requirements of germiculture and gaseous production collection and also has the function of being convenient for on-line use combined with a subsequent analyzer at thesame time, thus facilitating the analytic determination of the product. The contamination polyphase metabolism germiculture and product collection interface device can provide a proper test interfacedevice for studying the biogeochemical characteristics of arsenic and other toxic elements and obtain exact real-time analysis data.

The invention discloses an ecological treatment method for black and odorous water body. According to the ecological treatment method, metabolism capability of microorganisms and the diversity of genes are utilized; pollutants are converted into pollution-free final products for entering into the biogeochemical cycle again; meanwhile, due to the introduction of microorganisms, the biological diversity in water can be increased; all levels of nutrition structures of the water body are improved to be stable and balance is kept. Compared with physical method, migration method and chemical method,the advantages of the invention scheme are that: the conversion process of pollutants can be efficiently and relatively thoroughly completed under mild conditions, the treatment cost is low, the application range is wide, the influence on the environment is small, secondary pollution is avoided, the impact resistance of microorganisms is high, the tolerance to harmful environments such as toxic and harmful substances is high, and in-situ self-renewal can be achieved; repeated adding is not needed, long-term use can be achieved through one-time adding, the effect of rapid and efficient sewagedisposal is achieved, the water environment is effectively improved, and the water self-purification function is completely repaired and restored.

In some embodiments, the invention provides a method for converting of a flue gas desulfurization (FGD) waste product to a gypsum-enriched product by fostering growth of sulfur oxidizing bacteria (SOB) in the FGD waste product. Also provided are isolated sulfur oxidizing bacteria cultures as well as kits comprising an isolated sulfur oxidizing bacteria culture and written instructions for fostering the growth of the isolated sulfur oxidizing bacteria culture in FGD waste product to product a gypsum-enriched product.

The invention discloses a method for separating soluble boron in plants. The steps are as follows: (1) washing, drying, crushing and sieving the plant samples; (2) weighing a certain amount of powder samples and placing them in a In the plugged syringe, add water to immerse the sample and oscillate ultrasonically; (3) Remove the plug of the syringe syringe, place the syringe syringe in a screw cap centrifuge tube, centrifuge and collect the filtrate; (4) Repeat the steps (2) Add water and shake and step (3), separate 5-10 times in total, and combine all filtrates, that is, completely separate the soluble boron in the plant sample. The present invention establishes a method for separating soluble boron in plants. The method can separate the soluble boron in the body fluid of plant samples from the insoluble boron in tissue residues. The method is simple, reliable and has wide application prospects , to provide new technical support for research in the fields of plant boron nutrition, boron physiology and biochemistry, boron biogeochemical cycle and other fields.

The invention relates to a biogeochemical effect simulation experiment system under the methane leakage condition. A methane gas source is connected with a gas inlet arranged at the bottom part of a reaction kettle in a thermotank through a mute air compressor, a gas booster pump, a gas storage container, a valve control flowmeter and a check valve. The gas storage container is connected with a hand crank through a back pressure value and a buffer tank. A constant flux pump is connected with the gas inlet through a microbial container and a seawater container. A vacuum pump is connected with the upper gas outlet of the reaction kettle. Depiction of the flow process of methane gas leakage and depiction of the related microbial action in the sedimentary deposit can be solved, and the biogeochemical behavior caused by methane leakage in the submarine sedimentary deposit can be objectively reproduced so that the students are enabled to understand the water-rock-gas-microbial interaction and the related microbial action in the sedimentary deposit, and the favorable equipment and the research method can be provided for researching the hydrate decomposition and formation mechanism and the associated environmental effects thereof.