The invention discloses a histological method for distinguishing three kinds of carp muscle cells, wherein the method comprises the specific steps: freezing a treated sample with isoamyl and liquid nitrogen; freezing the sample at low temperature, slicing, and drying at room temperature; putting the slice into a constant-temperature pretreatment liquid, treating, and then cleaning with a cleaningliquid; adding a cleaning liquid into the slice, pouring out after the temperature is constant, adding an ATPase reaction liquid with the same temperature, carrying out a reaction, and cleaning and impregnating with distilled water; soaking the slice with a CaCl2 solution, a CoCl2 solution and an ammonium sulfide solution successively, and cleaning and impregnating with distilled water after the soaking is finished; absorbing excess moisture of the slice, covering with cover glass, sealing the slice, observing with an optical microscope, and thus distinguishing the three kinds of carp muscle cells. Boundary lines of red meat cells, pink meat cells and white meat cells in microscope images obtained by the distinguishing method are obvious, and the distribution of the three kinds of carp muscle cells can be clearly distinguished.