A flow cytometry detection device and method are disclosed. The device includes a sample quantification module, an incubation reaction module, a flow cytometry detection module and a cleaning and waste liquid collecting module. The sample quantification module, the incubation reaction module, the flow cytometry detection module and the cleaning and waste liquid collecting module share a sample injection pump used for suctioning, injecting and pushing a sample, a sheath fluid injection pump used for injection of a sheath fluid and a diluting fluid, and agent injection pumps used for injection of agents. According to the technical scheme, conventional sample pushing and sample suctioning and injecting pumps are combined, and sheath fluid and diluting fluid injection pumps are combined, and therefore the number of injection pumps is effectively reduced, functions of sample suctioning, dilution, sample preparation and sample flow formation are achieved, apparatus redundancy is reduced, thecost is reduced, increased detection periods caused by a serial working mode of apparatuses is reduced to the utmost, and a high throughput test is achieved.