The present invention relates to eukaryotic host cells having modified oligosaccharides which may be modified further by
heterologous expression of a set of glycosyltransferases,
sugar transporters and mannosidases to become host-strains for the production of mammalian, e.g., human therapeutic glycoproteins. The invention provides
nucleic acid molecules and combinatorial libraries which can be used to successfully target and express mammalian enzymatic activities such as those involved in
glycosylation to
intracellular compartments in a eukaryotic host
cell. The process provides an engineered host
cell which can be used to express and target any desirable
gene(s) involved in
glycosylation. Host cells with modified oligosaccharides are created or selected. N-glycans made in the engineered host cells have a Man5GlcNAc2 core structure which may then be modified further by
heterologous expression of one or more enzymes, e.g., glycosyltransferases,
sugar transporters and mannosidases, to yield human-like glycoproteins. For the production of therapeutic proteins, this method may be adapted to engineer
cell lines in which any desired
glycosylation structure may be obtained.