88results about How to "Reduce the probability of reaction" patented technology

The present invention involves a system and method that facilitate extracting data from messages for spam filtering. The extracted data can be in the form of features, which can be employed in connection with machine learning systems to build improved filters. Data associated with origination information as well as other information embedded in the body of the message that allows a recipient of the message to contact and / or respond to the sender of the message call be extracted as features. The features, or a subset thereof, can be normalized and / or deobfuscated prior to being employed as features of the machine learning systems. The (deobfuscated) features can be employed to populate a plurality of feature lists that facilitate spam detection and prevention. Exemplary features include an email address, an IP address, a URL, an embedded image pointing to a URL, and / or portions thereof.

Disclosed is a method of charging a lithium-sulfur electrochemical cell wherein the lithium-sulfur cell comprises a cathode comprising an electroactive sulfur-containing material, an anode comprising lithium, and a nonaqueous electrolyte.

Disclosed is an electrochemical cell comprising a lithium anode and a sulfur-containing cathode and a non-aqueous electrolyte. The cell exhibits high utilization of the electroactive sulfur-containing material of the cathode and a high charge-discharge efficiency.

Process for producing a copper-containing aqueous solution, in which a copper mass is dissolved in the presence of air in an aqueous leach liquor containing monoethanolamine and an acid, wherein the amount of acid equivalents is between 0.05 and about 0.7 times the equivalents of monoethanolamine, and wherein the rate of copper dissolution into the aqueous leach liquor is greater than about 4.3 grams of copper per liter of leach liquor per hour until a product having at least about 80 grams per liter is obtained.

The invention discloses a vacuum induction smelting method for nickel-based superalloy, comprising the steps of firstly, sequentially arranging raw materials from bottom to top in a crucible according to the order of Ni, Fe, C and Mo or Mo, Fe and Ni, melting and smelting; carrying out primary refining after completely melting the materials in a furnace and calming the surface of a melt; then, adding a strong nitride into the melt to form an element for secondary refining; and finally, adding a micro and easily-volatilized element, stirring until completely melting microalloy, and then, pouring to finish alloy smelting. The smelting method disclosed by the invention has an excellent denitrification effect; and compared with the existing method, the vacuum induction smelting method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the nitrogen content of the nickel-based superalloy prepared by using the method is remarkably reduced, so that the application field of the nickel-based superalloy is greatly widened.

Disclosed is an electrochemical cell comprising a lithium anode and a sulfur-containing cathode and a non-aqueous electrolyte. The cell exhibits high utilization of the electroactive sulfur-containing material of the cathode and a high charge-discharge efficiency.

Disclosed is an electrochemical cell comprising a lithium anode and a sulfur-containing cathode and a non-aqueous electrolyte. The cell exhibits high utilization of the electroactive sulfur-containing material of the cathode and a high charge-dis-charge efficiency.

A process for pyrolysing biomass is provided. The process comprises providing biomass to a pyrolysis reactor to produce a vapour product and condensing said vapour product to produce a condensed product, wherein a phase separation suppression agent is added during said process so as to promote the formation of a single phase condensed product.

The invention provides a process for the preparation of polyamines of the diphenylmethane series. This process comprises a) reacting aniline and formaldehyde in a molar ratio of 1.5:1 to 6:1, in the presence of an acid catalyst at temperatures of 20° C. to 100° C., in which the water content in the acid reaction mixture is <20 wt. % and a degree of protonation of <15% is established, and b) increasing the temperature of the reaction to a temperature of 110° C. to 250° C. when the ratio of the weight contents of p-aminobenzylaniline to 4,4′-MDA in the reaction mixture falls below a value of 1.00.

The invention provides a process for the preparation of polyamines of the diphenylmethane series. This process comprisesa) reacting aniline and formaldehyde in a molar ratio of 1.5:1 to 6:1, in the presence of an acid catalyst at temperatures of 20° C. to 100° C., in which the water content in the acid reaction mixture is <20 wt. % and a degree of protonation of <15% is established, andb) increasing the temperature of the reaction to a temperature of 110° C. to 250° C. when the ratio of the weight contents of p-aminobenzylaniline to 4,4′-MDA in the reaction mixture falls below a value of 1.00.

Disclosed is an apparatus and method for predicting a real-time water quality, and the apparatus including a hydrodynamic model creating unit to create a hydrodynamic model optimized to a location at which a water quality is to be predicted based on flow rate information, and a water quality predicting unit to predict the water quality by applying water quality information to the optimized hydrodynamic model.

Provided is an omega-transaminase mutant with improved activity using a point mutation in an active site of an omega-transaminase. Specifically, provided is a method for improving activity and extending a substrate spectrum of omega-transaminase by introducing a point mutation into a wild-type omega-transaminase rendered by replacing tryptophan at position 58 with the other amino acid.

Process for enzymatically synthesizing carboxylic esters, characterized in that mixing and discharge of the water of reaction are effected by introducing a gas while achieving low effectiveness ratios EV.

The invention discloses an antifreeze anticorrosion durable concrete. The concrete comprises the following components, by weight, 500 parts of a gelling material, 700-715 parts of medium sand, 1050 parts of broken stone, 164 parts of water and 10.56-18 parts of a water reducer, wherein the gelling material comprises 54-56wt% of cement and 44-46wt% of powder A; and the powder A comprises the following components: 30-35wt% of slag, 20-25wt% of zeolite, 35-40wt% of coal ash, 5-10wt% of long bluestone and 0-7wt% of quicklime. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the concrete. The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1, weighing raw materials of the components of the powder A according to above proportions, crushing by an ultrafine mill, and uniformly mixing; 2, weighing raw materials of the components of the concrete according to above proportions; 3, sequentially adding ordinary Portland cement, the powder A, the medium sand and the broken stone to a concrete stirring device, and stirring for 2-3min to fully and uniformly mix; and 4, slowly adding well weighed water and the well weighed water reducer to the obtained mixture while stirring, and continuously stirring for 1-2min to obtain the concrete. The concrete of the invention is high performance concrete which can resist strong sulfate corrosion, strong chloride corrosion, freeze-thaw cycles and drying and wetting cycles.

Disclosed is an additive for an electrochemical cell wherein the additive includes an N—O bond. The additive is most preferably included in a nonaqueous electrolyte of the cell. Also disclosed are cells and batteries including the additive, and methods of charging the batteries and cells. An electrochemical cell including the additive preferably has an anode that includes lithium and a cathode including an electroactive sulfur-containing material.

A process for production of polysilicon and silicon tetrachloride is provided in which a raw material that is supplied stably and is available at low cost can be used, chlorination reaction can be smoothly promoted, impurities generated after chlorination reaction can be controlled, and production efficiency is superior in a polysilicon producing step. The process includes a step of chlorination in which a granulated body consisting of silicon dioxide and carbon-containing material is chlorinated to generate silicon tetrachloride, a step of reduction in which silicon tetrachloride is reduced by a reducing metal to generate polysilicon, and a step of electrolysis in which chloride of the reducing metal by-produced in the reduction step is molten salt-electrolyzed to generate the reducing metal and chlorine gas. In the process, chlorine gas is supplied to the silicon dioxide and the carbon-containing material in the presence of oxygen gas, and these are reacted in the chlorination step, the reducing metal generated in the electrolysis step is reused in the reduction step as a reducing agent of silicon tetrachloride, and the chlorine gas generated in the electrolysis step is reused in the chlorination step.

A heat treatment apparatus for oxidation having: an oven for oxidation having a heat treatment chamber having a plurality of slits through which fiber strands running horizontally leave or returned strands enter and capable of sending hot air vertically from above the fiber strands to allow the fiber strands to have oxidation, and a means for feeding hot air into the heat treatment chamber, and a plurality of returning rollers which are provided at the two outsides of the oven for oxidation and which return the fiber strands entering and leaving through said slits, into the oven for oxidation, wherein each gap formed between fiber strands and each side wall of heat treatment chamber parallel to the running direction of fiber strands running in the heat treatment chamber, or each gap formed between fiber strands and each channeling-preventing plate interposed between the side wall and the fiber strands in parallel to the running direction of fiber strands is set at 150 mm or less. The slits may be provided with a means for injecting hot air into the heat treatment chamber.

Disclosed is an additive for an electrochemical cell wherein the additive includes an N—O bond. The additive is most preferably included in a nonaqueous electrolyte of the cell. Also disclosed are cells and batteries including the additive, and methods of charging the batteries and cells. An electrochemical cell including the additive preferably has an anode that includes lithium and a cathode including an electroactive sulfur-containing material.

The invention relates to a chain-grate boiler and a burning method. The chain-grate boiler comprises a boiler body, an induced draft fan, a circulation fan, a primary fan and an air supply bin; primary air pumped from natural air is fed into the air supply bin through the primary fan, and therefore drying, burning and burnout of coal are promoted; and circulation smoke pumped from total smoke passing through the induced draft fan is fed into a burning air supply bin in the air supply bin through the circulation fan, and generation of NOx is restrained. Furthermore, part of the circulation smoke pumped from the total smoke passing through the induced draft fan is fed into a backwards-arched air distribution opening through the circulation fan, mixing of smoke in a hearth is strengthened, burning of fuel is promoted, and the burning efficiency of the chain-grate boiler is improved. By means of the burning method of the chain-grate boiler, generation of the NOx is correspondingly restrained, and the burning efficiency of the chain-grate boiler is improved.

An improved process for the causticisation of Bayer liquors in an alumina refinery includes a first step of reacting lime with aluminate ions in a Bayer liquor within a primary reactor operated at low to moderate temperature to form a hydrocalumite species and hydroxyl ions. In a second step, the hydrocalumite species is heated in contact with a Bayer liquor, which either includes or is a different liquor than the Bayer liquor of the first step, under controlled conditions to cause the hydrocalumite species to react with the liquor to form calcium carbonate, aluminate ions and hydroxyl ions. The principal advantages of the improved process include very high lime utilisation efficiencies (in excess of 90%) and a substantially increased C / S ratio (in excess of 0.955), allowing higher plant caustic concentrations and improved productivity. The loss of alumina due to the formation of unwanted calcium aluminate species is also greatly reduced.

When a driver turns on an accelerator, a CPU permits revolution of planetary gears, and a motor rotates a ring gear to drive wheels. Then, when the driver turns off the accelerator, the CPU calculates a target RPM to be output by a Stirling engine according to a depression amount and a depression time of the accelerator. When the RPM output by the Stirling engine reaches close to the target RPM, the revolution of the planetary gears is inhibited, the operation of the motor is stopped, and the Stirling engine rotates the ring gear via a sun gear and the planetary gears to drive the wheels.

The invention provides a process for producing a low-density high-pressure polyethylene unicellular plastic foam board and relates to the technical field of concrete road and bridge building. The low-density high-pressure polyethylene unicellular plastic foam board is manufactured of the following materials according to a certain proportion by mixing, laminating, mould pressing and foaming: plastic granules, an AC or H foaming agent, a stearic acid promoting agent or a lubricant, zinc carbonate or a zinc oxide accelerant, a dicumyl peroxide DCP crosslinking agent, carbamide,a lead sulfate tribasic stabilizer, an antioxidant and carbon black. The process solves the long-term technical problem to be solved. The low density high pressure polyethylene unicellular plastic foam board has the advantages of low density, high recovery ratio, independent bubble structure, low water absorbing capacity of surface, good anti-penetrating quality, corrosion resistance to acid, alkali, salt, oil, etc., excellent ageing-resistant performance, no flow at the high temperature, no embrittlement cracking at the low temperature, high recovery ratio, long service life, easy construction, material conservation, light weight, good manufacturability, no toxicity or pollution, and broad application range.

A lithium ion oxygen battery capable of achieving a high energy density without being decreased in performance due to moisture or carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is provided. A lithium ion oxygen battery 1 comprises a positive electrode 2 containing oxygen as an active material and a lithium source, a negative electrode 3 made of a material capable of occluding or releasing lithium ions, and an electrolyte layer 4 sandwiched between the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3 and capable of conducting the lithium ions. The positive electrode 2, the negative electrode 3, and the electrolyte layer 4 are housed in a hermetic case 5. The positive electrode 2 comprises an oxygen storage material and a lithium compound (excluding a combined metal oxide of lithium and another metal) as the lithium source.

The present invention discloses casting materials and a casting method for a 35kV-grade large-capacity dry main transformer coil. The casting materials comprise a resin, a curing agent, and silicon micro-powder, wherein a weight part ratio of the resin to the silicon micro-powder is 45-55:90-110, and a weight part ratio of the resin to the curing agent is 1:1. The method comprises: pre-mixing the resin and the silicon micro-powder, and pre-mixing the curing agent and the silicon micro-powder, wherein the weights of the resin and the curing agent are the same; mixing the resin-silicon micro-powder mixture and the curing agent-silicon micro-powder mixture, stirring, and degassing; and finally pouring the stirred and degassed mixture into a mold to achieve the dry main transformer coil casting. According to the present invention, the casting of the 35kV-grade large-capacity dry main transformer coil can be achieved, the coil formed by using the materials and the casting method has the high strength and does not crack; and the glass fibers are not adopted, such that the damage of the glass fibers on human body is effectively avoided.

The invention provides a self-checking circuit for a photosensitive element. The self-checking circuit comprises a photosensitive sensor, a light source and a micro processor, wherein the light source is arranged within a photosensitive range of the photosensitive sensor and used for providing a detecting light source for the photosensitive sensor in a self-checking process of the photosensitive sensor; the micro processor is connected to the light source and used for controlling the light source to switch on for realizing the self-checking process of the photosensitive element. The invention further provides a self-checking method and a self-checking system for a photosensitive element as well as an air conditioner. According to the technical scheme adopted by the invention, the self-checking process of the photosensitive element is realized so as to conveniently judge whether the photosensitive element effectively works or not; besides, the reliability of the photosensitive element is timely judged, so that the micro processor can be used for accurately obtaining a test signal of the photosensitive element and accurately controlling a functional module.

The present invention provides a method for preparing dialkyl carbonate from urea or alkyl carbamate and alkyl alcohol using an ionic liquid comprising a cation, which produces a hydrogen ion, and a hydrophobic anion containing fluorine with high temperature stability in the presence of catalyst containing a metal oxide or hydrotalcite. Since the present invention can prepare dialkyl carbonate at a pressure lower than those of existing methods, it does not require an expensive pressure control device and peripheral devices for maintaining high pressure including the installation cost. It is also the method for preparing a dialkyl carbonate with high yield, thus improving economical efficiency. Moreover, the method of the present invention hardly produces any waste during the process and is thus an eco-friendly method.

The invention relates to a novel flavone-derived polymer nano-drug. The novel flavone-derived polymer nano-drug is obtained in the way that hydrophobic flavone micromolecules are in covalent linkage with heparin polysaccharide macromolecules through joint arms to form an amphiphilic graft polymer, and the amphiphilic graft polymer is self-assembled in a waterborne medium to constitute a primary combination strategy of the nano-drug in oncotherapy. Hydrophobic oncotherapy drugs with different action mechanisms are loaded under such intermolecular forces as a pi-pi stacking function and a hydrophobic driving function and incorporated into a nano-system, so that the internal water solubility, the stability and the targeting property of the hydrophobic oncotherapy drugs are effectively improved to realize a secondary combination strategy of the nano-drug in oncotherapy. The nano-system loaded with the oncotherapy drugs with different mechanisms can ensure cooperation and flexible selectionaccording to clinical requirements to realize tertiary combination strategy of the nano-drug in oncotherapy. Therefore, an oncotherapy mode which attaches importance to various treatment means can berealized, and the anti-tumor effect is maximized and optimized.