712results about How to "Large scale" patented technology

Transparent conductive electrodes, optoelectronic apparatus, optoelectronic devices and methods for making such electrodes, apparatus and devices are disclosed. The transparent conducting electrode (TCE) includes a layer of transparent electrically conducting polymer material and an array of electrically conductive wires distributed across the layer of transparent electrically conducting polymer material. The TCE may be made by distributing an array of conductive wires across a conductive polymer layer and attaching polymer layer to the wire array. An optoelectronic apparatus may comprise an active layer in electrical contact with the TCE. An optoelectronic device may incorporate an active layer disposed between two electrodes, at least one of which is the TCE. An optoelectronic device may be made by disposing an active layer between a base electrode and a TCE and attaching all three together.

The present invention generally relates to nanoantenna arrays and methods of their fabrication. In particular, one aspect relates to nanoantenna arrays comprising nanostructures of predefined shapes in predefined patterns, which results in collective excitement of surface plasmons. In some embodiments the nanoantenna arrays can be used for spectroscopy and nanospectroscopy. Another aspects of the present invention relate to a method of high-throughput fabrication of nanoantenna arrays includes fabricating a reusable nanostencil for nanostensil lithography (NSL) which provides a mask to deposit materials onto virtually any support, such as flexible and thin-film stretchable supports. The nanostencil lithography methods enable high quality, high-throughput fabrication of nanostructures on conducting, non-conducting and magnetic supports. The nanostencil can be prepared by etching nanoapertures of predefined patterns into a waffer or ceramic membrane. In some embodiments, a nanoantenna array comprises plasmonic nanostructures or non-plasmonic nanostructures.

A rapid thermal conversion process for efficiently converting wood, other biomass materials, and other carbonaceous feedstock (including hydrocarbons) into high yields of valuable liquid product, e.g., bio-oil, on a large scale production. Biomass material, e.g., wood, is feed to a conversion system where the biomass material is mixed with an upward stream of hot heat carriers, e.g., sand, that thermally convert the biomass into a hot vapor stream. The hot vapor stream is rapidly quenched with quench media in one or more condensing chambers located downstream of the conversion system. The rapid quenching condenses the vapor stream into liquid product, which is collected from the condensing chambers as a valuable liquid product. The liquid product may itself be used as the quench media.

The invention provides an optoelectronic device comprising a mixed-anion perovskite, wherein the mixed-anion perovskite comprises two or more different anions selected from halide anions and chalcogenide anions. The invention further provides a mixed halide perovskite of the formula (I) [A][B][X]3 wherein: [A] is at least one organic cation; [B] is at least one divalent metal cation; and [X] is said two or more different halide anions. In another aspect, the invention provides the use of a mixed-anion perovskite as a sensitizer in an optoelectronic device, wherein the mixed-anion perovskite comprises two or more different anions selected from halide anions and chalcogenide anions. The invention also provides a photosensitizing material for an optoelectronic device comprising a mixed-anion perovskite wherein the mixed-anion perovskite comprises two or more different anions selected from halide anions and chalcogenide anions.

Super-hydrophobic and self-cleaning articles produced by imprinting exposed surfaces with suitable fine-grained and / or amorphous metallic embossing dies to transfer a dual surface structure, including ultra-fine features less than or equal to 100 nm embedded in and overlaying a surface topography with macro-surface structures greater than or equal to 1 micron are disclosed.

The present invent provides improved rapid thermal conversion processes for efficiently converting wood, other biomass materials, and other carbonaceous feedstock (including hydrocarbons) into high yields of valuable liquid product, e.g., bio-oil, on a large scale production. In an embodiment, biomass material, e.g., wood, is feed to a conversion system where the biomass material is mixed with an upward stream of hot heat carriers, e.g., sand, that thermally convert the biomass into a hot vapor stream. The hot vapor stream is rapidly quenched with quench media in one or more condensing chambers located downstream of the conversion system. The rapid quenching condenses the vapor stream into liquid product, which is collected from the condensing chambers as a valuable liquid product. In one embodiment, the liquid product itself is used as the quench media.

A system and method for self-organizing, reliable, multiple path data flow transmission of messages data on a network uses queues to transmit messages between end-user modules (EUMs) on nodes on the network. The EUMs include the end user applications with which queues are associated. A network communications manager (NCM) resident on every node manages all transmission of messages between nodes. The NCM on a given node only has knowledge of nodes that are neighbor nodes to that given node, but has knowledge of all queues associated with all EUMs. Messages are divided into EUM messages, which are placed in queues by the NCM on each node, and system messages, which are not placed in queues but are used by the NCM to determine when and where, i.e. to which neighbor node, messages may be sent. The NCM on each node chooses a neighbor node as a target node for sending EUM messages for each queue, based on the best node latency and at capacity status of each neighbor node. These target nodes are used to provide potential routes to queues and multiple path data flow for queues that carry EUM data messages for user applications. These target nodes are constantly updated to provide the best paths on an adaptive basis and to ensure that all paths are valid, improving network reliability. When choosing when to send data to a target node, each node uses tokens for flow control to ensure that target nodes do not become overloaded. The node also compares node latencies for multiple target nodes to ensure that the lowest node latency target node is chosen. By using neighbor nodes as target nodes, node latency, and at capacity information for determining when and where to send data, there is no need to maintain any global knowledge of all paths in the network. Further, the constant updating of target nodes ensures that the network maintains optimal and valid paths for messages, thus ensuring efficiency and reliability. Finally, the constant updating of target nodes ensures that reliability and efficiency are provided on an adaptive, self-organizing basis.

A computer-implemented solution for managing a semantic business model is provided. In particular, one or more business area models for a business entity are obtained and transformed into intermediate model(s). Each intermediate model is represented using a substantially similar meta-modeling language. Subsequently, the semantic business model is generated by merging the set of intermediate models. In this manner, the semantic business model can be generated in a manner that reduces the overall burden on a user. The semantic business model can be provided for display to the user and / or use in performing qualitative analysis on various aspects of the business entity.

The present invention relates generally to electrolyte materials. According to an embodiment, the present invention provides for a solid polymer electrolyte material that is ionically conductive, mechanically robust, and can be formed into desirable shapes using conventional polymer processing methods. An exemplary polymer electrolyte material has an elastic modulus in excess of 1×106 Pa at 90 degrees C. and is characterized by an ionic conductivity of at least 1×10−5 Scm−1 at 90 degrees C. An exemplary material can be characterized by a two domain or three domain material system. An exemplary material can include material components made of diblock polymers or triblock polymers. Many uses are contemplated for the solid polymer electrolyte materials. For example, the present invention can be applied to improve Li-based batteries by means of enabling higher energy density, better thermal and environmental stability, lower rates of self-discharge, enhanced safety, lower manufacturing costs, and novel form factors.

The invention generally related to the field of mobile multimedia middle-ware, computer networking, distributed processing systems, data bases, hand-held computers and wireless communication. A method for conveniently managing user profile information in an unified instant messaging system (7) is proposed. This method operates on a data base structure, which accommodates in a flexible way subscribers' information. More specifically, this method takes into account the mutable characteristics of the environment where subscribers' devices (9) are operating: subscribers can in fact freely modify their personal user profiles (1) as situations change and / or as they move to different geographical locations.

With the ever increasing size and the explorative growth of digital document and content, the traditional electronic information exchanging tool such as email and instant message, web-meeting etc. can not fully satisfy massive user's needs. With the development of central controlled distributed scalable virtual machine (CCDSVM) and the web-based computer user working (operating) environment (WCUWE), the problems mentioned above can be easily solved by introduce a common “dynamic work space” technology of this invention within frame work of CCDSVM and WCUWE. With “dynamic work space” technology, user can use conventional browser to instantly post or un-post messages, digital documents or contents or said resources without install specialized software, without size limitation, with security, and further to obtain capability of anywhere and anytime peer-to-peer exchanging information within organized user-group or in one-to-one fashion. In addition, WCUWE of CCDSVM provides each user a private work space and each group a common work space under the dynamic work space umbrella, therefore, WCUWE provide users of CCDSVM a safe secure infrastructure hierarchy for users or group of users to efficiently manage, sharing, and access the right information in time anywhere on the network.

Articles containing fine-grained and / or amorphous metallic coatings / layers on at least part of their exposed surfaces are imprinted with surface structures to raise the contact angle for water in the imprinted areas at room temperature by equal to or greater than 10°, when compared to the flat and smooth metallic material surface of the same composition.

A system and computer implemented method of distributed audience feedback of media content in real time or substantially real time, including: semantically analyzing, at a semantic speech analysis engine, media content from a media program and identifying relevant topic data; distributing, at a topic data publisher, the identified relevant topic data to an audience of the media program; collecting, at a server, audience opinions on the identified relevant topic data; and processing the collected audience opinions. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Nanometer particles of poorly water-soluble or substantially water-insoluble compound are produced by finely-spraying a non-aqueous solution of said compound into a heated and fluidized bed of carrier excipient. The resulting product consists of a free flowing mixture of relatively large particles of carrier excipient and nanometer sized particles (less than 3 μm)) of compound.

The present invention relates to an audio amplification circuit comprising a first preamplifier for receipt of an audio input signal and a second preamplifier comprising a first differential input for receipt of an attenuated audio input signal. The attenuated audio input signal is generated by an attenuator coupled to the audio input signal. A non-linear element is coupled to a first input of the first preamplifier thereby distorting the audio input signal at the first input at large signal levels. A distortion compensation network is adapted to supply a distortion compensation signal from the first input of the first preamplifier to a second differential input of the second preamplifier such that distortion in the output signal of the second preamplifier is cancelled or attenuated. The invention further relates to a corresponding method of compensating an audio amplification circuit for distortion induced by a non-linear element.

According to the present invention, there is disclosed a hand-held system and a method for detecting the presence of fecal contamination or ingesta on objects, such as a protein source, a worker's hands or utensils. In one embodiment, there is included a system comprised of a housing having a first end, where said housing supports a light source which emits light out of said housing first end having a wavelength effective to elicit fluorescence at a wavelength between 660 to 680 nm, and a light filter allowing the user to distinguish light at a wavelength between about 660 to 680 nm from any other light the vicinity of the object. The detection of light at a wavelength between about 660 to 680 nm indicates the presence of fecal contamination or other ingesta. There is also disclosed a method of using such a device to detect the presence of such contamination, optionally including further steps to identify the source of any contamination and to modify any practices so that the spread of contamination may be reduced.

In a semiconductor device having a large-scale arithmetic circuit, when there is delay in clock signals, a malfunction occurs in a circuit. In particular, in an environment where supply voltage varies as in a wireless chip, it is very difficult to precisely estimate delays in clock signals in designing. Further, in order to keep supply voltage stable, a large-scale power supply circuit is required, which increases the area of a chip, and the cost thereof. A semiconductor device provided with a power control circuit and a clock generation circuit is used to detect variation in supply voltage using the power control circuit and changing frequency and duty ratio of a clock circuit using the clock generation circuit, thereby operating an arithmetic circuit stably. A high performance semiconductor device provided with such a large-scale arithmetic circuit can be provided at low cost.

The present application discloses a composition comprising a plurality of spherical beads, wherein a radiofrequency chip operating at a frequency of in the range of 2.2-2.7 GHz is embedded within each of said beads and wherein essentially each of said beads is individually identifiable on the basis of radiofrequency identification. Alternatives utilizing a ultrasonic identification chip are also disclosed. The beads are preferably made of polymeric material and can for example be used for the synthesis of e.g. solid-phase chemical libraries. Preferred materials include some that minimise interference in biochemical assays (fouling). The invention also relates to batch and continuous methods of producing such compositions, including emulsion-polymerisation methods. In a further aspect, the present invention relates to an apparatus for analysing radiofrequency-encoded beads. Also provided are methods for detecting and / or analysing and / or sorting beads, as well as methods for processing beads once they have been analysed and / or sorted.

An anti-reflective layer solar cell / optical medium is provided by nanostructuring the surface of the optical material into which light transmission is desired. The surface of the optical material is etched through a nanoporous polymer film etch mask to transfer the porous pattern to the optical material. The resultant nanostructured layer is an optical metamaterial since it contains structural features much smaller than the wavelength of light and the presence of these structural features change the effective index of refraction by controlling the degree of porosity in the nanostructured layer and also by controlling the thickness of the porous layer.

The invention relates to a new method for developing a series of shoe shapes starting from a base shoe shape provided in a basic footwear size. The method comprises the following steps: measuring the spatial coordinates (xB, yB, zB) of points on the base shoe shape (2) of basic footwear size using gauges (15) associated with a first computer means (10) on which CAD programs are run; obtaining, from the spatial coordinates (xB, yB, zB) of points on the base shoe shape (2) of basic footwear size, spatial coordinates (xn, yn, zn) of points on at least another shoe shape in the series, by using predetermined calculation formulae entered to said computer means; feeding an NC tool machine with said spatial coordinates (xn, yn, zn) of points on at least another shoe shape in the series for the manufacturing thereof; using the information contained in the memory, physically installed in each shoe shape or accessible by means of its code, to design the footwear component parts and properly assembling them at the production stage.

Products based on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) so resistant to yellowing and so highly transparent that even the edges of plates produced from this material have a neutral colour, i.e. do not display any yellow tone. This effect is obtained by the admixture of 5 to 50 ppm inorganic, reducing phosphorus compounds after polymerisation. This enables the brightener content to be reduced under 10 ppb, and so the end product may also be used in contact with foodstuffs.

There is described a method, to a program and to a system for graphically displaying and projecting at least one network of devices of an automation system, a high density of information usually occurring at the user interface. To allow a user to selectively display devices in a network, in addition to a large quantity of overview information, a solution is proposed in which a user can display individual devices in more detail in an overview. The user can therefore select a device, the instantaneously non-visible details of which he wishes to access, and change the appearance of the device from a not very detailed display to a very detailed display by way of further interaction. This applies to any desired number of devices which can be simultaneously displayed in detail. One advantage is that the network interfaces of devices may also be displayed which cannot be displayed with all network interfaces in the overview without the user being forced to have to change to a different, detail-oriented view.

Disclosed is an audio amplification circuit comprising: an input terminal for receipt of an audio input signal; a first preamplifier having an input operatively coupled to the input terminal and operable to provide a first amplified audio signal with a first signal amplification; a second preamplifier having an input operatively coupled to the input terminal and operable to provide a second amplified audio signal with a second signal amplification, smaller than the first signal amplification; a switch having a first input operatively coupled to the first preamplifier, a second input operatively coupled to the second preamplifier, and an output; an analogue-to-digital converter operatively coupled to the output of the switch and operable to provide a digital audio signal; a signal selection circuit operable to control the switch to selectively provide one of the first and second amplified audio signals on the output of the switch.

In an apparatus for measuring thickness of a thin film, which is formed through a conductor, preventing the measurement from an error due to the curve or bend on a substrate surface or a moving surface of a stage, but without necessity of a large-scaled facility, an electric filed is applied between a probe 10 and a stage 8, so as to obtain an electrostatic capacitance of the substrate 3, an electrostatic capacitance of an insulating film, which is formed between the substrate 3, and an electrostatic capacitance defined starting from the substrate 3 to the thin film 4. The electrostatic capacitance between the substrate 3 and the thin film 4 is measured at plural numbers of places covering over the entire surface of the thin film 4. The probe 10 is so supported that the contact load “P” comes to be constant, by the probe 10 onto the thin film 4. A contact area of the probe 10 between the thin film 4 is calculated out through a predetermined equation, assuming the load “P” is constant. From respective electrostatic capacitances and the contact area measured, a distribution of thickness of the thin film 4 over the entire area thereof.

Transparent conducting electrodes, methods for manufacturing such conducting electrodes, optoelectronic devices incorporating such transparent electrodes and methods for making such optoelectronic devices and solar power generation systems incorporating such electrodes are disclosed. Nanostructured transparent conducting electrodes may include a nano-architected porous film having a network of ordered interconnected pores and an electrically conductive material that substantially fills the pores. The nano-architected porous film may be disposed on a layer of transparent conducting material. The electrode may include a substrate (e.g., glass or polymer) and the layer of transparent conducting material may be disposed between the substrate and the nano-architected porous film. Nanostructured transparent conducting electrodes may be fabricated by forming a nano-architected porous film, e.g., by surfactant temptation, on a layer of transparent conducting material and substantially filling the pores in the nano-architected porous film with an electrically conductive material, e.g., by electrodeposition. Optoelectronic devices may incorporate one or more nanostructured transparent conducting electrodes in electrical contact with an active layer. Such devices may be made by fabricating a first electrode and disposing an active layer between the first electrode and a second electrode, one of which is a nanostructured transparent conducting electrode.

A thin film transistor substrate and a method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. The method of manufacturing a thin film transistor substrate includes forming a first conductive pattern group including a gate line, a gate electrode, and a lower gate pad electrode on a substrate, forming a gate insulating layer on the substrate on which the first conductive pattern group is formed, forming an oxide semiconductor pattern overlapping the gate electrode on the gate insulating layer, and forming first and second conductive layers on the substrate on which the oxide semiconductor pattern is formed and patterning the first and second conductive layers to form a second conductive pattern group including a data line, a source electrode, a drain electrode, and a data pad.

An optoelectronic fiber and methods for forming such a fiber are disclosed. The fiber generally includes an electrically conductive fiber core, a first semiconducting layer substantially surrounding the fiber core, and a second semiconducting layer substantially surrounding the first semiconducting layer. The first and second semiconducting layers are of complementary types, i.e., one is p-type and the other is n-type. The fiber may be made, e.g., by electrospinning a material to form a fiber core; substantially surrounding the fiber with a first semiconducting material; and substantially surrounding the first semiconducting material with a second semiconducting material. Optoelectronic fibers can be fashioned into a web to provide a solar cell material or substantially transparent conductive material.

A GPS device and method for associating current and forecasted geo-referenced weather data with location data in a hand-held ruggedized GPS device having an integrated weather data receiver, wherein the weather data can be displayed alone, particularly on larger scales, or in conjunction with the location data.