The invention relates to a high-temperature superconducting motor liquid cooling air gap armature stator structure which is composed of a cylinder, a leading-out terminal end plate, a sealing binding post, a leading-out terminal end cap, a stator armature, a non-leading-out terminal end cap, a rubber cushion plate, a non-leading-out terminal end plate and a sealing ring. The leading-out end cap and the non-leading-out end cap outside the cylinder are respectively in sealed connection with the end face of the stator armature through sealing rings, and the leading-out end plate and the non-leading-out end plate are respectively of an annular structure embedded with a metal flange and are respectively in sealed connection with the cylinder through sealing rings and pressing plates; the invention further discloses an assembling method. The stator temperature rise can be effectively controlled, and the reliability of the motor can be improved, so that the requirements of high heat load, compact structure, high torque density and the like of the motor are met, and the high-temperature superconducting motor or the high-temperature superconducting direct-driven wind driven generator for ship propulsion has the requirements of high power, low rotating speed, compact structure, high torque density, low operating cost and the like.