85results about How to "Good energy level matching" patented technology

The invention discloses a nanometer photo-catalyst used in producing hydrogen by decomposing water under visible light response and application of the nanometer photo-catalyst. The catalyst is a nanocomposite which is formed by taking a one-dimensional organic semiconductor nanofiber as a framework, coating the surface of the framework with an inorganic semiconductor titanium dioxide nanolayer and uniformly loading platinum nanoparticles, wherein the organic semiconductor nanofiber is prepared by self-assembling super molecules of perylene diimide and cycle-expanding derivatives, naphthalene diimide derivatives or hexabenzobenzene diimide derivatives with the photochemical stability, D-A structures and visible light response, then titanium dioxide is directly loaded in situ in a body phase organic solution and platinum is reduced and deposited through ultraviolet light in a photo-catalysis aqueous solution system. The catalyst is novel in structure, low in cost and available; the preparation process of the catalyst is simple, environmentally-friendly, low in energy consumption and suitable for preparation in scales; the catalyst is capable of decomposing water in the visible light to prepare the hydrogen, has the actual and wide application prospects in preparation of the hydrogen through decomposing the water in solar light and provides a novel idea and an important reference for forming an efficient photo-catalyst responding to the visible light.

The invention provides a layered perovskite structure material and application in a methylamine lead perovskite thin-film solar cell. The general formula of the chemical structure is A*[PbX3], wherein the A is a polymer whose the side chain contains a p-amino group and comprises a polymer whose main chain is a conjugated structure and a polymer whose main chain is saturated carbon-carbon or carbon-nitrogen chain; and the X is one kind or multiple kinds of chlorine, bromine or iodine. The material is applied in a methylamine lead perovskite thin-film solar cell. According to the invention, film forming quality of a methylamine lead perovskite active layer is effectively improved; the material has high optical performance and uniform shapes and the size of a grain reaches micron order; energy level at the interface can be well adjusted and controlled, well energy level matching is achieved, energy level potential barriers of the interface are reduced, performance of devices are improved, energy conversion efficiency reach 16.0% and manufacturing of the cell is highly repeatable; and resisting ability for vapor in air of the device can be improved and stability of the cell is improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of battery materials, and relates to a preparation method of a transition metal doped alpha-Fe2O3 nano rod array. The preparation method comprises the following steps: carrying out ultrasonic cleaning pretreatment respectively on acetone, absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water successively for a selected substrate, and mixing FeCl3.6H2O, a polyvinyl alcohol water solution and an HCl (hydrogen chloride) solution, thereby obtaining a gelatin solution; preparing and forming an alpha-Fe2O3 buffer layer by the gelatin solution for the pretreatment substrate by adopting a spin-coating technique; dissolving FeCl3.6H2O and 1NaNo3 in a mixed solution of the HCl solution and alcohol, thereby preparing the reaction liquid; placing the substrate alpha-Fe2O3 buffer layer into a high-pressure kettle of a teflon inner lining, also pouring the reaction liquid into the high-pressure kettle, tightening a cap of the high-pressure kettle, and placing into an electric heating constant-temperature air blast drying box for heat preservation and drying, thereby obtaining the reaction product; and preparing an alpha-Fe2O3 nano rod array by a step-by-step temperature rising mode for the reaction product. The preparation process is simple, the repeatability is good, the cost is low, the application range is wide, and the application effects are good.

The invention discloses an organic light-emitting device (OLED), a manufacturing method thereof, and a display method, and relates to the technical field of display. The luminous efficiency of the OLED can be improved. The OLED comprises a hole transport layer, a light-emitting layer, and an interface modification layer arranged between the hole transport layer and the light-emitting layer. The material interface modification layer comprises a material having a hole transporting capability. The energy level of the interface modification layer is between that of the hole transport layer and that of the light-emitting layer.

The invention provides an organic electroluminescence device. The device solves the problem that the driving voltage of devices is high, and the luminous efficiency is low since a monochromatic lightemitting layer is made of a single luminescent material. The provided organic electroluminescence device includes a monochromatic light emitting layer, the monochromatic light emitting layer is made of double-subject materials and doped object materials, the double-subject materials comprise the donor subject material and the receptor subject material, and the donor subject material and the receptor subject material form an exciplex.

The invention provides a photodetector and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein a photodetector with a vertical structure is manufactured by sequentially arranging a first electrode, a hole transport layer, a photosensitive active layer containing perovskite, an electron transport layer and a second electrode on a substrate from bottom to top. A PN junction is formed between the perovskite in the photosensitive active layer and the electron transport layer, thus the built-in electric field is constructed, thereby separating holes and electrons generated by the photosensitive active layer from each other only by applying a bias voltage of 0 V between the first electrode and the second electrode, The low driving voltage of the photodetector is realized, which is beneficial to the reduction of the power consumption of the product, and the hole transport layer and the electron transport layer are arranged above and below the photosensitive active layer respectively. The vertical arrangement mode can accelerate the transmission of holes and electrons, thereby increasing the photocurrent of the photodetector and further improving the photoresponsivity of the device. At that same time,each layer of the photodetector can be a flexible material to meet the requirements of portability and versatility.

The invention belongs to the field of photoelectric devices, and discloses an alloy electrode capable of improving the efficiency and the stability of a solar cell. The alloy electrode is a binary or complex alloy electrode formed in the mode that precious metal silver is combined with metal such as aluminum, titanium, zinc, copper and / or magnesium. The invention further discloses the solar cell with the alloy electrode serving as the cathode or the anode of the cell. By means of the alloy electrode and the solar cell, matching between the energy level of the alloy electrode and the energy level of a carrier transport layer is easily improved, the contact barrier is reduced, and the efficiency of the cell is improved; silver atoms in the alloy electrode are slowly diffused to the carrier transport layer and an optical active layer, and therefore the stability of the cell can be improved; the use amount of silver materials in a unit area of the cell is decreased, the cost of the cell is easily controlled, and resources are saved.

The invention relates to the technical field of display, and discloses an organic light emitting device and an organic light emitting apparatus. The organic light emitting device comprises a first electrode layer, carrier function layers, a light emitting layer and a second electrode layer which are stacked together. At least one carrier function layer near the light emitting layer is doped with materials in the light emitting layer. The setting of the carrier function layers is helpful to improve carrier mobility. High carrier mobility can effectively reduce the turn-on voltage of the deviceand improve the power efficiency of the device. As at least one carrier function layer near the light emitting layer is doped with materials in the light emitting layer, the matching degree between the energy level of the light emitting layer and the energy level of the carrier function layer near the light emitting layer is improved, the energy level difference between the light emitting layer and the carrier function layer is reduced, the injection barrier of carriers is reduced, and therefore, the turn-on voltage of the organic light emitting device is reduced.

The present invention discloses a perovskite solar cell with a synergic effect of a triazolylcarbazole derivative-based hole transport material and polymers, and a preparation method thereof. The cell comprises a conductive layer, an electron transport layer, a light absorbing layer, a synergic layer, a hole transport layer and a counter electrode layer. The light absorbing layer is made of a perovskite material, the synergic layer is made of polymers, and the hole transport layer consists of the triazolylcarbazole derivative. The preparation method comprises the steps of spin coating a TiO<2> electron transport layer on an FTO conductive glass layer, spin coating a perovskite light absorbing layer on the electron transport layer, spin coating a polymer synergic layer on the light absorbing layer, spin coating the hole transport layer on the polymer synergic layer, and plating gold on surfaces of the FTO conductive glass layer and the hole transport layer, so as to be used as counter electrodes. The hole transport material of the perovskite solar cell has high hole mobility, the energy level matching is high, all polymers prohibit decomposition of the perovskite and charge recombination the open circuit voltage of the cell and an FF value are improved, and the conversion efficiency of the cell is improved.

The invention provides a preparation method of an In-doped MoO3 thin film and application of the In-doped MoO3 thin film in a QLED. The preparation method of the In-doped MoO3 thin film comprises the steps of: providing indium salts and MoO3, dissolving the indium salts and the MoO3 in an organic solvent to form a mixed solution, adding inorganic acid into the mixed solution, then carrying out heat treatment on the solution to obtain a precursor solution, wherein the temperature of heat treatment ranges from 50 to 80 DEG C; and providing a substrate, depositing the precursor solution on the substrate by adopting a solution processing method, and then carrying out annealing treatment to obtain the In-doped MoO3 thin film, wherein the annealing temperature ranges from 150 to 350 DEG C, and the time ranges from 15 to 30 min.

The invention relates to a general formula compound shown as a formula (I) in description, wherein Ar1 is selected from C4-C40 substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons groups, and C8-C30 substituted or unsubstituted thick heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon groups; L1 is selected from single bonds, C6-C30 substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon groups or C6-C30 substituted or unsubstituted condensed ring aromatic hydrocarbon groups; substituent groups on the Ar1 and the L1 are independently selected from C1-C30alkyl or naphthenic base, alkenyl and C1-C6 alkoxy orthioalkoxy, or are independently selected from single ring or condensed ring aryls containing 4 to 60 ring carbon atoms, single ring or condensed ring aryl containing heteroatoms selected from N, O,S and Si and having 4 to 60 ring carbon atoms. The invention also relates to an organic electroluminescence device using the general formula compound, and the device has high current efficiency and low driving voltage.

The invention discloses a CuZnSnS-perovskite-based planar heterojunction solar cell and a manufacturing method thereof. The solar cell comprises a substrate, a transparent conducting layer, a CuZnSnS layer, a perovskite layer, an electron transport layer and a metal electrode layer from bottom to top respectively. In a cell structure disclosed by the invention, the CuZnSnS layer is taken as a hole transport layer in the cell instead of a common organic material, and a charge layer is low in material price, environmentally friendly, high in material stability, high in charge mobility, well matched with a perovskite absorbing layer in energy level and process and easy to prepare over a large area, and has a wide industrial application prospect.

The invention relates to the technical field of display and discloses an organic electroluminescent device and an organic electroluminescent device. The organic electroluminescent device comprises a first electrode layer, a first carrier functional layer, a light emitting layer and a second electrode layer which are stacked in sequence. A P doping layer is also arranged between the first carrier functional layer and the light emitting layer. Thus, the energy level bending of the interface between the first carrier functional layer and the light emitting layer can be changed, the hole injectionbarrier at the interface between the first carrier functional layer and the light emitting layer can be reduced, and the lighting voltage of the organic electroluminescent device can be effectively reduced. As that organic electroluminescent device is specifically apply, the illumination voltage difference between the organic electroluminescent device and the adjacent organic electroluminescent device can be reduced, Further, when the organic electroluminescent device of the luminescent color is turned on separately, even if the carriers generated are migrated to the organic electroluminescent devices of other luminescent colors through the common carrier functional layer, the other organic electroluminescent devices will not be lit up, and the color deviation problem is solved.

The invention discloses an organic thin-film solar cell based on dual cathode buffer layers and a preparation method of the organic thin-film solar cell. The organic thin-film solar cell adopts a positive structure and sequentially comprises a transparent substrate, a transparent anode electrode, an anode modification layer, a donor layer, an acceptor layer, a first electron buffer layer, a second electron buffer layer and a cathode electrode, wherein the second electron buffer layer is bis-benzimidazolone (PTCBI). Through blocking of two buffer layers, the electron density of C60 and the first electron buffer layer and the polaron density of the first buffer layer and a metal cathode are reduced, excitonic quenching caused by polarons is reduced, meanwhile, energy level barrier is reduced, optical field distribution is optimized, and exciton recombination probability is prevented. By the organic thin-film solar cell, filling factor, optical current and open-circuit voltage of a solar cell are favorably improved, and finally, photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of an energy conversion and storage device, and discloses a perovskite solar cell. The perovskite solar cell includes a flexible conductive substrate, a photoanode, a perovskite layer and a first carbon counter electrode layer, wherein the photoanode is a CdS nanometer rod array structure, and is arranged on the upper surface of the flexible conductive substrate and is provided with a pore structure; the a light absorption layer is a CsPbBr3 inorganic perovskite layer which is embedded into the pore structure of the photoanode so as to closely contact the photoanode; and the first carbon counter electrode layer is paved on the upper surface of an ITO conductive layer and the upper surface of the light absorption layer, and is formed through screen printing and film forming. As the perovskite solar cell utilizes the full inorganic perovskite as the light absorption layer and the full inorganic perovskite has higher humidity and heat stability, preparation of cell can be performed in the air. Therefore, the requirement for production equipment is reduced; large scale of cell production becomes implementable; the stability of the prepared cell is high; and the performance of cell attenuates more slowly.

The invention relates to the technical field of organic photoelectric materials, in particular to an arylamine compound containing a carbazole group and an organic electroluminescent device thereof. The arylamine compound containing the carbazole group in the formula (I) provided by the invention has good hole mobility, proper HOMO energy level and T1 value and high glass transition temperature (Tg), so that the arylamine compound is high in energy level matching degree with adjacent organic matter layers, good in thermal stability and excellent in molecular arrangement, and can be applied to the field of organic light emitting devices. When being applied to an OLED device as a hole transport material, the compound is not easy to crystallize, good in film-forming stability and appropriate in hole transport capacity under the action of an external electric field, and especially when being used as a host material of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer material or a light-emitting auxiliary layer material, the compound can effectively improve the light-emitting efficiency of the device, reduce the driving voltage of the device and improve the light-emitting efficiency of the device. The service life of the device is prolonged. In conclusion, the arylamine compound containing the carbazole group provided by the invention is an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) material with excellent performance and wide application.

The invention relates to a device for preparing hydrogen-rich gas by gasifying a biomass under the catalysis of high-temperature metallurgical slag particles and a method. The device comprises a downer reactor, a high-temperature slag particle storage chamber, a spiral biomass raw material feeder, a separator, a steam generator and a hydrogen-rich gas collector, wherein the high-temperature slag particle storage chamber and the spiral biomass raw material feeder are located above the downer reactor and are communicated with the top of the downer reactor; the separator is located below the downer reactor and is communicated with the bottom of the downer reactor; and the steam generator and the hydrogen-rich gas collector are located at two sides of the downer reactor and are respectively communicated with the downer reactor. The method in which the device is applied comprises the steps of respectively adding high-temperature metallurgical slag particles, biomass raw materials and steam into the downer reactor through a rotary molten slag granulating device, the spiral biomass raw material feeder and the steam generator; carrying out gasification reaction on the biomass raw materials under the catalysis of the high-temperature metallurgical slag particles to generate hydrogen-rich gas; and storing the hydrogen-rich gas into the hydrogen-rich gas collector. By using the method, waste heat of metallurgical slag is recycled in a chemical energy way, so that the recovery rate of the waste heat is relatively high, and the problems of low waste heat recovery rate and low recovery quality of a dry-method metallurgical slag treatment process are solved.

The invention discloses an organic thin-film solar cell based on three emitting layers and a preparing method thereof. The organic thin-film solar cell is of a regular structure and sequentially comprises a transparent substrate, a transparent positive electrode, a positive electrode decorating layer, a first emitting layer, a second emitting layer, a third emitting layer, a receiving layer, an electron buffering layer and a negative electrode from bottom to top. From the first emitting layer to the third emitting layer, the LUMO energy levels and the HOMO energy levels of materials are sequentially increased or are not reduced, the energy gaps are sequentially reduced, and the difference between every two adjacent LUMO energy levels is smaller than 0.4 eV. Transmission of excitons is improved in the mode that excitons of the third layer are blocked through the first layer and the second layer, and the hole mobility of the second layer is optimized. Spectra of multiple materials are overlaid, and therefore the absorption efficiency is improved. The organic thin-film solar cell is beneficial for increasing the FF, the light current and the short-circuit voltage of the solar cell, and finally the photoelectric converting efficiency is improved.

The invention provides an organic electroluminescence device and a display device. The organic electroluminescence device comprises a light-emitting layer, a hole blocking layer and an electron blocking layer, wherein the material of the light emitting layer comprises a main material, a guest material and a first thermal activation delay fluorescent material; the material of the hole blocking layer comprises a second thermal activation delay fluorescent material; the material of the electron blocking layer comprises a third heat-activated delay fluorescent material. According to the invention,the TADF material is adopted as a sensitizing agent in the light-emitting layer. In the hole blocking layer and the electron blocking layer, the TRGB material is used at the same time, so that the luminous efficiency of the organic electroluminescent device can be improved, and the service life of the organic electroluminescent device can be prolonged.

The invention provides a thin-film solar cell based on a layered perovskite structure material. The thin-film solar cell comprises a substrate, a hole transmission layer, a light absorbing layer, an electronic transmission layer and an electrode connected in order, wherein the substrate is indium tin oxide conductive glass; the hole transmission layer is poly 3,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene / polystyrene sulfonate; the light absorbing layer is a layered perovskite structure material (C2H9N2)(CH3NH3)2Pb3I10 or (C2H9N2)(NH2CH=NH2)2Pb3I10; the electronic transmission layer is fullerene derivatives; and the electrode is an aluminum thin-film. The invention further provides a preparation method of the thin-film solar cell based on the layered perovskite structure material. The thin-film solar cell adopts the layered perovskite structure material as the light absorbing layer so as to improve the stability of the thin-film solar cell.

The invention provides an organic electroluminescence device and a display device, and the organic electroluminescence device comprises a light-emitting layer and a hole blocking layer, wherein the material of the light-emitting layer comprises a host material, a guest material and a first thermally-activated delayed fluorescence material; the material of the hole blocking layer includes a secondthermally activated delayed fluorescence material. The TADF material is adopted in the light-emitting layer as the sensitizer, and meanwhile, the TADF material is used in the hole blocking layer, so that the light-emitting efficiency of the organic electroluminescence device can be improved, and the service life of the organic electroluminescence is prolonged.

The invention provides an inorganic perovskite solar cell added with CsPbBr3 based on an amine compound and a preparation method and application thereof. The method specifically comprises the steps: preparing an electron transport layer on FTO conductive glass, spin-coating the surface of the FTO conductive glass with a lead bromide solution added with an amine compound, spin-coating the surface of the FTO conductive glass with a cesium bromide solution for multiple times to prepare a high-quality perovskite thin film, and finally blade-coating carbon paste as a back electrode to assemble theinorganic perovskite solar cell. According to the invention, the amine compound is added into a lead bromide solution; compared with the prior art, CsPbBr3 crystal grains are crystallized, the growthspeed of the CsPbBr3 crystal grains is reduced, and a compact and uniform perovskite thin film with a large crystal grain size is obtained; in addition, the amine compound can effectively passivate defects on the surface and inside the perovskite thin film, and battery interface energy level matching is improved, so charge recombination is inhibited, and the photovoltaic performance of the batteryis improved. The preparation method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simplicity, feasibility, low cost, high repeatability, outstanding stability in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment and the like.

The invention discloses a core-shell nanocrystal. The core-shell nanocrystal comprises a Cd-containing quantum dot core and a shell layer coating the quantum dot core, wherein the shell layer comprises an InxZnyS(1-x-y) shell layer, x is larger than 0 and smaller than 1, and y is larger than 0 and smaller than 1. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the core-shell nanocrystal. Thepreparation method comprises steps as follows: providing the Cd-containing quantum dot core; coating the quantum dot core with a transition layer and the shell layer, wherein the shell layer comprisesan InxZnyS(1-x-y) shell layer, x is larger than 0 and smaller than 1, and y is larger than 0 and smaller than 1. In the preparation method of the core-shell nanocrystal, an In-Zn-S layer grows in theshell layer coating Cd-series quantum dots, the energy level matching degree of the Cd quantum dot core layer and the matching degree of lattice constants and bandwidth of the shell layer can be notably improved, the nanocrystal structure is more compact, and accordingly, the quantum efficiency, the optical performance and the stability of the nanocrystal are improved.

The invention discloses a phosphorene modified dye-sensitized solar battery TiO2 photo-anode and a preparation method thereof. The photo-anode mainly is prepared by mixing phosphorene and TiO2 sizing agent, coating the mixture on a conductive material and carrying out sintering. The phosphorene is mainly prepared by mixing black phosphorus powder, bromine and organic solvent and carrying out bromine intercalation auxiliary liquid phase ultrasonic stripping method. The preparation method comprises the steps of mixing the black phosphorus powder, bromine and organic solvent, preparing the phosphorene through utilization of the bromine intercalation auxiliary liquid phase ultrasonic stripping method, mixing the phosphorene and TiO2 sizing agent, coating the mixture on the conductive surface of the conductive material, and carrying out sintering, thereby obtaining the phosphorene modified dye-sensitized solar battery TiO2 photo-anode. According to the photo-anode provided by the invention, the resistance of an electron transport interface and an electron reverse transferring probability can be reduced, photoproduction electrons are produced, the energy level matching effect of the photo-anode and dye is improved, and the photoelectric converting efficiency of the existing dye-sensitized solar battery is improved.

The invention provides an organic electroluminescence device and a display device, and the organic electroluminescence device comprises a light-emitting layer and an electron blocking layer, wherein the material of the light-emitting layer comprises a host material, a guest material and a first thermally activated delayed fluorescence material; the material of the electron blocking layer comprisesa second thermally-activated delayed fluorescent material. The TADF material is used in the electron blocking layer while the TADF material is adopted in the light-emitting layer as the sensitizer, so that the light-emitting efficiency of the organic electroluminescence device can be improved, and the service life of the organic electroluminescence device is prolonged.

The invention discloses an organic electroluminescent device, a manufacturing method thereof, and a display device, which relate to the technical field of display and can improve the luminous efficiency of the organic electroluminescent device. The organic electroluminescence device disclosed in the present invention comprises a hole transport layer and a light-emitting layer, and an interface modification layer located between the hole transport layer and the light-emitting layer, and the material of the interface modification layer includes a hole-transport Capable material, and the energy level of the interface modification layer is between the energy level of the hole transport layer and the energy level of the light emitting layer.

The invention discloses a preparation method of an efficient and stable organic polymer solar cell. A TiO2 nanoparticle crystal layer, an electron transport layer, an organic active layer, a hole transmission layer and a top electrode are sequentially prepared on a transparent conductive electrode to obtain an inverted solar cell structure; and the inverted solar cell structure is subjected to standing treatment in an environment with certain humidity and an oxygen-containing gas. Through the method, the device efficiency can be significantly improved; the improvement amplitude can reach 1.5 times; the stability performance of the device is obviously improved; and the efficiency attenuation amplitude is smaller than 15% after the efficient and stable organic polymer solar cell is exposed in a high-humidity atmospheric environment for 1,000 hours; and the method is simple in technology, low in cost and suitable for large-scale production and application.

The invention discloses a photocatalyst, a preparation method and application thereof. Specifically, the method includes the steps of: mixing a graphene oxide solution with a strontium titanate precursor to obtain a mixed solution, adding a Cd precursor into the mixed solution and performing heating, and gradually adding an S precursor in the heating process to obtain a ternary composite photocatalyst of strontium titanate, graphene and CdS. By using the ternary composite material, the invention realizes the coexistence of graphene's electron transport ability and the heterostructure of CdS and strontium titanate in a same material, compared with a binary structure, the photocatalytic performance of the ternary composite photocatalyst is greatly improved. The preparation of graphene in theinvention does not use any reductant, and brown graphene oxide is reduced into black reduced graphene directly by means of hydrothermal conditions. The invention adopts one-pot method to prepare theternary structure, the precursors of strontium titanate and CdS and graphene oxide are mixed evenly and then the mixture is put into a reaction kettle for one-step reaction to complete preparation, thus saving time and energy.

The invention provides a composite thin film. The composite thin film comprises N layers of thin films sequentially stacked and combined; the N layers of the thin films are nano-zinc oxide thin filmscontaining doped metal ions; and from the first layer of the thin film to the Nth layer of the thin film, the doping concentrations of the doped metal ions are increased layer by layer, wherein the radiuses of the doped metal ions are 85-115% of the radiuses of Zn<2+>; the conduction band energy level of oxides of the doped metal ions is higher than that of zinc oxide; and N is greater than or equal to 3 and less than or equal to 9.

The invention discloses a method for passivating a perovskite surface by using multifunctional triphenylamine molecules. N-(4-(N, N, N-triphenyl) phenethyl) ammonium bromide (TPA-PEABr) is used as a surface passivation molecule, so that the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) can be improved to 18.15% from 16.69%, and the main reason is that the open-circuit voltage (Voc) after modification is improved to 1.09V from 1.02V. After the TPA-PEABr is introduced, the defect state density is reduced, and the orbital energy level of the TPA-PEABr is more matched with the energy level of a hole transport layer. In addition, due to the hydrophobicity of the TPA-PEABr, the stability of the PSCs passivated by the TPA-PEABr is greatly improved. Therefore, multifunctional TPA-PEABr molecules are inserted between a perovskite layer and a hole transport layer through a simple spin coating process, and PSCs with low defect density, more matched energy levels and better stability are obtained. The invention provides a new thought for designing the surface passivation molecules.