The invention relates to a two-dimensional compression ghost imaging system based on coincidence measurement. The two-dimensional compression ghost imaging system comprises a laser, rotating frosted glass, an object, a spatial light modulator, a first set of convergent optical absorption lens, a second set of convergent optical absorption lens, a first point detector, a second point detector, a coincidence measurement circuit and an algorithm module, wherein laser emitted by the laser irradiates the frosted glass to produce pseudo calorescence which is divided into an object arm optical path and a reference arm optical path; on the object arm optical path, an optical field of the pseudo calorescence is spread to the object, and the total light intensity is collected through the first set of convergent optical absorption lens and the first point detector; on the reference arm optical path, the optical field of the pseudo calorescence is spread to the spatial light modulator, and after modulation, the total light intensity is collected through the second set of convergent optical absorption lens and the second point detector; the coincidence measurement circuit is used for carrying out coincidence measurement on the total light intensity of the object arm optical path and the reference arm optical path and outputting coincidence measurement values, and the algorithm module is used for reconstructing the distribution of spatial correlation coefficients according to a measurement matrix and the measurement values by applying a compression perception algorithm.