The invention provides a passive intelligent manhole cover management system. The technical solution is based on the communication between an electronic key and a smart lock to realize the unlocking function. On this basis, the authorization, authentication, management, statistics and other links are introduced to meet the complex use requirements. Specifically, in the passive intelligent manholecover management system, a card reader is used to authorize the electronic key in the background; after the electronic key is inserted into the lock hole, the built-in battery is first used to power the lock, and send an unlock command to the lock, and at the same time, the lock compares the stored authorization information with the authorization information recorded in the electronic key, and thelock is opened when the comparison passes; and in addition, the electronic key can store each unlocking information and locking information, and the card reader can read and store the information aslog information, so as to realize the traceability of the lock status. Based on the system structure provided by the invention, it is possible to authorize unlocking according to the identity and timeinterval of the personnel, and to record the unlocking log, which has outstanding technical advantages.