The invention provides a positive displacement conveying tube type photobioreactor which is composed of a positive displacement transmission system, a photosynthetic reaction system and supporting accessories.The positive displacement transmission system is composed of a gear, a transmission shaft, a motor, a sealing plug, a chain, an inlet cone and an upper water tube, wherein the gear is driven to rotate by the motor, an alga solution in the upper water tube is conveyed into the photosynthetic reaction system in a sectioned and sealed mode through the sealing plug via chain transmission, and a power source is provided for circulation of the alga solution.The photosynthetic reaction system comprises photosynthetic reaction tube sections, a water distribution trough, a water trough, a connecting tube and a water outlet tube.Unit combination rotors are installed in the photosynthetic reaction tube sections, and a reaction site is provided for a photosynthetic reaction of microalgae.The supporting accessories include a motor rack, a gear supporting plate and a supporting frame, and support and fix the whole system.According to the positive displacement conveying tube type photobioreactor, microalgae cells are protected against harm of pump shearing force, and high-density culture of microalgae can be easily achieved; the number of the photosynthetic reaction tube sections connected to the water distribution trough can be adjusted according to flow, the flow speed and the culture scale, the structure is flexible, and adaptability is high.