551 results about "Thermogravimetric analysis" patented technology

An array of piezoelectric resonators used in a sensor device in order to identify chemical and biological agents. The resonators can operate as bulk acoustic wave (BAW), surface acoustic wave (SAW), or Love mode devices. The sensor device integrates gravimetric, calorimetric, thermal gravimetric, voltage gravimetric and optical detection methods into one sensor system, improving the accuracy of identifying hazardous agents. For gravimetric detection, dual-mode resonators provide simultaneous calorimetric and gravimetric data, one type from each mode. Resonators with heaters on the surfaces will provide thermal gravimetric data. An optical detector can be used to analyze the optical signal from the surface of a coated resonator. Additionally, voltage gravimetric measurements can be made with an electric field set up between the resonator and an external electrode. Thermal voltage gravimetric measurements can be made by adding an integrated heater on the resonator with an external electrode. An alarm can be activated upon the identification of a hazardous agent. The sensor device can utilize other valuable information, including traceable time, GPS location, and variables related to temperature, humidity, air speed, and air direction.

A fuel composition for a direct fuel injected diesel engine, a method for improving performance of fuel injectors and a method for cleaning fuel injectors for a diesel engine. The fuel composition includes a major amount of fuel and a minor, effective amount of a quaternary ammonium salt having a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) weight loss of greater than 50 wt. % at 350° C. The amount of quaternary ammonium salt present in the fuel is sufficient to improve performance of the direct fuel injected diesel engine having combusted the composition compared to the performance of such engine having combusted a fuel composition that does not contain the quaternary ammonium salt.

In a magnetic recording disk 1 including a magnetic layer 12, a protective layer 13, and a lubricating layer 14, the lubricating layer 14 is made from a lubricant prepared from a composition. The weight change of the lubricant ranges from −20% to −50% at 300° C. in the case where the lubricant is subjected to thermogravimetric analysis in such a manner that the lubricant is heated from 40° C. to 500° C. at a heating rate of 10° C. / min. The lubricant has a maximum peak at about 300° C. in the case where the lubricant is subjected to differential thermal analysis in the same manner as described above. The lubricant can be quantitatively measured for heat resistance. Therefore, a magnetic recording disk exhibiting stable performance at high temperatures and a method for manufacturing such a magnetic recording disk can be obtained.

The object of the present invention is to provide a polycarbonate resin composition which has excellent transparency and durability against molding heat, which gives a molded article having an excellent mold release property, reduced strains, improved cracking resistance and, preferably, weatherability, and which is particularly suitable for a transparent member for a vehicle, pellets thereof and a molded article thereof, and the present invention provides a polycarbonate resin composition obtained by blending 100 parts by weight of a polycarbonate resin (Component A) and 0.005 to 2 parts by weight of a full ester (Component B) from an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol having 4 to 8 hydroxyl groups and 5 to 30 carbon atoms and an aliphatic carboxylic acid having 10 to 22 carbon atoms, said Component B having a 5% weight loss temperature, measured by TGA (thermogravimetric analysis), of 250 to 360° C. and having an acid value of 4 to 20, pellets thereof and a molded article thereof.

A high-density optical disk comprises a transparent substrate having a guide groove having a depth of 100 to 200 nm, width of 0.2 to 0.4 mum arranged with a track pitch of 0.7 to 1.0 mum. A recording layer is made of an organic pigment exhibiting a specific main weight reduction in a thermogravimetric analysis and a specific exothermic peak in a differential thermal analysis.

The invention discloses a preparation method for a graphene / aramid fibre 1414 nano-fibre composite membrane, comprising the following steps of: performing nano-fibrillation on aramid fibre 1414 yarns via the solution system of dimethyl sulfoxide and potassium hydroxide; slowly adding dimethyl sulfoxide solution for oxidizing graphene, sequentially centrifuging, dispersing, performing suction filtration and film formation, and thus obtaining oxidized graphene / aramid fibre 1414 nano-fibre composite membrane; and reducing via hydroiodic acid, washing, drying, and thus obtaining the graphene / aramid fibre 1414 nano-fibre composite membrane. The tensile strength and the Young modulus of the graphene / aramid fibre 1414 nano-fibre composite membrane obtained by the preparation method disclosed by the invention can achieve 209.4 Mpa and 29.5 GPa respectively, thus showing excellent mechanical property; simultaneously, the conductivity of the graphene / aramid fibre 1414 nano-fibre composite membrane can achieve 175 S / m, thus being excellent in conductance; and a thermogravimetric analysis shows that the graphene / aramid fibre 1414 nano-fibre composite membrane is good in heat stability.

The invention discloses a polypyrrole / graphene nano composite which belongs to the technical field of composites. In the invention, ethanol is taken as a medium, para-toluenesulfonic acid is taken as a surface active agent, polyethylene glycol-400 is taken as phase transfer catalyst, FeCl3*6H2O is taken as an evocating agent, and under ultrasound conditions, pyrrole monomers are polymerized in situ on graphene, so as to obtain the polypyrrole / graphene nano composite. In the composite of the invention, through analysis by electron microscopy, the pyrrole monomers are polymerized in situ and evenly cover the grapheme, and the graphene and the polypyrrole are tightly combined in a nano level; and thermogravimetric analysis and electric conductivity study show that the composite has better heat stability, electric conductivity and processability and can be used in the fields of sensors, electron devices and biomedicine.

The object of the present invention is to provide a polycarbonate resin composition which has excellent transparency and durability against molding heat, which gives a molded article having an excellent mold release property, reduced strains, improved cracking resistance and, preferably, weatherability, and which is particularly suitable for a transparent member for a vehicle, pellets thereof and a molded article thereof, and the present invention provides a polycarbonate resin composition obtained by blending 100 parts by weight of a polycarbonate resin (Component A) and 0.005 to 2 parts by weight of a full ester (Component B) from an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol having 4 to 8 hydroxyl groups and 5 to 30 carbon atoms and an aliphatic carboxylic acid having 10 to 22 carbon atoms, said Component B having a 5% weight loss temperature, measured by TGA (thermogravimetric analysis), of 250 to 360° C. and having an acid value of 4 to 20, pellets thereof and a molded article thereof.

The invention discloses a microwave thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) method and a device, wherein, the device comprises four parts, namely, a microwave oven, a mass measurement system, a temperature measurement system and an atmosphere adjustment system. The microwave input power can be set to a fixed value and also can set to be linked with the temperature measurement system. The mass measurement system monitors the mass variation of a test sample in real time; the temperature measurement system utilizes an infrared thermometer and a thermocouple to monitor the temperature of the test sample and the hearth in real time. The atmosphere heating can be achieved by the atmosphere adjustment system and the heating atmosphere can be air atmosphere, inert atmosphere, oxidizing atmosphere or reducing atmosphere. The device provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, high degree of automation and convenient operation, the invention can obtain the relation among mass, time / mass, and temperature of multiple test samples under different atmospheres in the process of microwave heating, and realizes microwave thermogravimetric analysis of the test samples with larger mass or volume.

There is provided a resin composition that is excellent in thermal stability, light reflectivity and color, and preferably in flame retardancy.There is also provided a method for producing a resin composition which comprises mixing 60 to 99.9 parts by weight of polycarbonate resin (component A) with 0.1 to 40 parts by weight of titanium dioxide pigment (component B), the component B(i) satisfying 0.05≦(b)−(a)≦0.6, when weight reduction at 23 to 100° C. by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is (a) wt % and weight reduction at 23 to 300° C. by TGA is (b) wt %, and(ii) satisfying 0.001≦(d) / (c)≦0.01 and 0.001≦(e) / (c)≦0.02, when weight percentages derived from Ti, Al and Si elements in X-ray fluorescence analysis are (c) wt %, (d) wt % and (e) wt %, respectively.

The invention discloses a thermal gravimetrical reactor applied to bulk specimen testing, belonging to testing equipment for performing thermo gravimetric analysis on specimens and aiming to solve the problems that small-mass and small-sized specimens are required and a sample vessel is unbeneficial to gas-solid reactions in the conventional thermo gravimetric analyzer. Through a high-temperature reactor, reaction gas is preheated fully, so that mass measuring errors caused by temperature change of the reaction atmosphere are avoided; two types of hanging baskets are specific to different specimens respectively, so that the diffusion resistance during the reactions of bulk specimens is reduced effectively, and complete reactions and measuring accuracy are ensured; the height of an electric heating furnace is adjusted through a hydraulic lifting platform, so that samples can be heated at constant temperature under a high-accuracy condition. The thermal gravimetrical reactor can be used for dynamically measuring the mass changes of bulk specimens at various heating rates or under a constant-temperature condition, and is more consistent with the requirements of scientific research production than the conventional thermal gravimetrical analyzer.

A preparation method of anti-oxidation superfine copper powder belongs to the powder technical field. The process flow of the method is as follows: taking soluble divalent cupric salt as a starting material for making cupric salt solution, adding and evenly mixing a dispersant and a trace additive, then adding NaOH solution to the cupric salt solution with the NaOH / Cu mol ratio being 2 to cause the Cu to precipitate as Cu(OH)2, adding a hydrazine hydrate as a reducing agent to obtained jelly with the N2H4 / Cu mol ratio being 1.5-2.5 and obtaining pure copper powder by two-stage heat preserving reaction: (1) a first stage: preserving at the temperature of 30-50 DEG C, and converting the Cu(OH)2 into Cu2O after reaction; and (2) a second stage: adjusting pH value of the solution with NaOH to 11-13, heating suspending liquid obtained from the first stage to 60-70 DEG C, keeping the temperature until the reaction is finished to obtain the pure copper powder, and then cleaning and drying the copper powder by centrifugal separation. The raw materials used in the method are cheap and available, and the superfine copper powder with the average particle size below 0.5 micron prepared by the method does not need any anti-oxidation treatment, does not discolor after being kept in the air for more than one year, has anti-oxidation temperature of more than 100 DEG C proved by thermogravimetric analysis and is especially suitable for being used as an electronic material.

The present disclosure relates to a resin composition having excellent thermal stability, light reflectivity and color, and, preferably, flame retardancy. The present disclosure also relates to a method for producing a resin composition which comprises mixing 60 to 99.9 parts by weight of polycarbonate resin (component A) with 0.1 to 40 parts by weight of titanium dioxide pigment (component B), wherein component B (i) satisfies 0.05≦(b)−(a)≦0.6, when weight. reduction at 23 to 100° C. by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is (a) wt % and weight reduction at 23 to 300° C. by TGA is (b) wt %, and (ii) satisfies 0.001≦(d) / (c)≦0.01 and 0.001≦(e) / (c)≦0.02, when weight percentages derived from Ti, Al and Si elements in X-ray fluorescence analysis are (c) wt %, (d) wt % and (e) wt %, respectively.

A flammability tester for samples in the milligram range. A tube with a lower pyrolyzing region, or pyrolyzer, contains a sample that is heated to thermally degrade in the absence of oxygen, or pyrolyzed, to produce fuel gases. An inert gas carries the fuel gases to an upper combustion region, or combustor, where oxygen is measured into the gas flow containing the inert gas and fuel gases. Combustion of the fuel gases occurs at a temperature where the reaction time for almost all of the fuel gases is at or below 10 seconds. Under these conditions, the combustor volume need for complete combustion is small, permitting the fuel gases to be oxidized as they are liberated and travel from the pyrolyzer into the combustor in what is essentially sequential flow. Complete combustion in such a small volume produces a large decrease in the oxygen content of the gases emerging from the combustor, allowing the use of a simple inexpensive oxygen analyzer to measure the oxygen content of the gases emerging from the combustor. Oxygen depletion can be used to determine flammability parameters of the sample. The tester can be fitted with a thermometer to measure the combustion temperature of the pyrolyzed sample. The tester may also be configured to use a carbon dioxide analyzer to measure additional flammability parameters. The tester may also be combined with a separate thermogravimetric analyzer to yield further flammability parameters where the mass loss rate of the pyrolyzing sample is needed.

The present invention provides pharmaceutically acceptable salts having local anesthetic and anti-inflammatory activities. The preferred pharmaceutically acceptable salt is a diclofenac salt of lidocaine. Diclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (“NSAID”). Lidocaine is a local anesthetic. Other NSAID (except the salicylic acid derivatives of NSAID) can be used to replace diclofenac and / or other local anesthetics can be used to replace lidocaine. The pharmaceutically acceptable salts are crystalline compounds, which are distinctively different from either the NSAID alone or the local anesthetic alone, as indicated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Fourier-Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. These pharmaceutically acceptable salts are suitable for use in topical treatment or parenteral injection to treat patients with localized pain, including muscle pain, joint pain, pain associated with herpes infection, and wound pain (such as surgical wound, burn wound etc.).

The invention belongs to a spontaneous combustion easiness judgment method of coal, in particular to a spontaneous combustion danger judgment method of the coal. The method includes the following steps: 1. sampling: a coal sample is collected on a coal working face, sealed and then taken back to a laboratory; the coal sample is ground to be below 50 mesh in the laboratory and put into a dry and clean jar which is labeled; the label will indicate the sampling place and the coal sample preparation time; the jar is sealed by a rubber sleeve; 2. testing: an experiment is taken by a thermogravimetric analyzer; during the experiment, temperature control and data collection are completed by the thermogravimetric analyzer; 3. operation and calculation: calculation of the reaction activation energy is according to an Arrhenius equation; the judgment method is to judge the spontaneous combustion easiness of the coal by the ''ignition activation energy'' in oxidation spontaneous combustion reaction between the coal and the oxygen, without need of a lot of equipments and instruments; the analysis and judgment can be conducted only by one thermogravimetric analyzer; the judging reliability is high.

A resin composition containing (A) a polyimide having acidic functional groups and (B) a compound having functional groups that react with the acidic functional groups, where (a) a solution rate in 3 mass % aqueous sodium hydroxide at 45° C. is 0.95 or more after a heat history of 90° C. for 10 minutes with the solution rate before the heat history assumed to be 1, (b) the solution rate in 3 mass % aqueous sodium hydroxide at 45° C. ranges from 0.001 μm / sec to 0.02 μm / sec after the heat history of 180° C. for 60 minutes, (c) a bleed-out amount is 50 mg / m2 or less in storing at 40° C. for 2 weeks after the heat history of 180° C. for 60 minutes, and (d) a thermogravimetric decrease at 260° C. is 2.0% or less in measuring on a temperature rising condition of 10° C. / min from 40° C. by thermogravimetric analysis (TG). When a multilayer flexible wiring board is manufactured using the resin composition, it is possible to obtain the resin layer excellent in alkali processability, embeddability in press, heat resistance, bendability, insulation reliability, and adhesion to the conductive layer.

The invention discloses a method and a device for rapidly and objectively distinguishing real and counterfeit cigarettes. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a weightlessness curve of a to-be-detected cigarette through thermogravimetric analysis; inquiring a standard weightlessness curve related to the to-be-detected cigarette; acquiring the similarity of the to-be-detected cigarette according to the weightlessness curve of the to-be-detected cigarette and the standard weightlessness curve; judging whether the similarity of the to-be-detected cigarette is greater than a predetermined threshold value; judging the to-be-detected cigarette to be a counterfeit cigarette if the similarity of the to-be-detected cigarette is greater than the threshold value; judging the to-be-detected cigarette to be a real cigarette if the similarity of the to-be-detected cigarette is lower than or equal to the threshold value. According to the invention, real and counterfeit cigarettes are identified through thermogravimetric analysis, the cigarettes are not needed to be subjected to complicated pretreatment, no chemical agent is used, so that the system error and the personal error are greatly reduced, the automatic sample feeding can be realized, a large quantity of samples can be analyzed, and the efficiency of analysis and detection is greatly improved.

The invention relates to a graphene modified poly-methyl methacrylate composite and preparation method thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: stripping graphite from 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone by solvent ultrasonic method and preparing grapheme solution, and adding methymethacrylate and azodiisobutyronitrile and heating them, and reacting them; pouring the product into methanol, and sequentially centrifuging, washing and vacuum drying it to obtain graphene enhanced poly-methyl methacrylate composite. The 0.5% graphene enhanced poly-methyl methacrylate composite synthetized by one-step method in the invention, wherein the tensile strength is 115% higher than the pure poly-methyl methacrylate polymer, and Young modulus is raised by 221%, and excellent mechanical property is revealed. The thermogravimetric analysis displays shows that in comparison with the poly-methyl methacrylate, the temperature for the graphene enhanced poly-methyl methacrylate composite material comprising 0.5% of the invention when the thermogravimetric loss reaches 10% is raised by about 30 degrees centigrade, which means the composite material prepared by the invention has higher heat stability.

The invention discloses a method for determining content of cut stem in cut tobacco based on a thermal analysis technique. The method comprises selecting pyrolysis conditions in a thermogravimetric analyzer, acquiring a weight change curve of multiple cut tobacco samples having known cut stem contents in the temperature programming process, analyzing a sample pyrolysis curve to find an instantaneous mass fraction value having obvious difference of the sample at a certain temperature or a temperature range having large sample pyrolysis curve difference, carrying out corresponding data processing and linear fitting to obtain a cut stem content standard curve equation, testing an unknown sample, and substituting the data into the equation to realize determination of the cut stem content in a cut tobacco sample. Because of the difference of chemical composition and properties of cut stem and cut tobacco, pyrolysis behaviors have difference so that the thermogravimetric analyzer can acquire mass change curves of different samples in the temperature programming process. Through difference analysis of the pyrolysis curve, the cut stem content of the cut tobacco is obtained.

Disclosed is an adhesive film in which the adhesive film contains a thermosetting resin (A), a curing agent (B), a compound having flux activity (C) and a film forming resin (D), the minimum melt viscosity of the adhesive film is 0.01 to 10,000 Pa·s, and the adhesive film satisfies the following formula (1) when the exothermic peak temperature of the adhesive film is defined as (a) and the 5% weight loss temperature by thermogravimetry of the adhesive film is defined as (b),(b)−(a)≧100 degrees centigrade  (1).

Embodiments of the present invention relate to apparatus, systems and methods for adding a humidity-controlled system to a thermogravimetric instrument. A humidity-controlled controlled chamber incorporates a housing, a humidifier, a sample chamber, a reference chamber, Peltier devices, humidity and temperature sensors, and gas transmission lines into a single unit. This single unit along with an electronic control unit and mass flow controllers provide a humidity-controlled system designed to control the atmosphere of TGA sample and reference chambers simultaneously. A system comprising an arm, motorized linear actuator an electric control unit, allows a humidity-controlled chamber to be automatically opened and closed, in turn, allowing reference and sample chambers to automatically be accessed.

The invention relates to a simulation experiment method and system for thermal treatment of oily sludge. The method comprises the following steps of: stirring oily sludge simulation samples, removing particles of which the particle sizes are more than 3mm, detecting moisture content and oil length of the samples, and carrying out thermogravimetric analysis on the samples; conveying the samples to the top part of a reactor, and measuring the number of input samples; feeding the samples into the reactor from the top part of the reactor, carrying out heating and gas contact to obtain a gas mixture and a solid component, detecting the temperature distribution inside the reactor, removing the solid component from the bottom part of the reactor, heating the solid component to obtain pyrolysis gas and waste residues, feeding the pyrolysis gas into the reactor from the bottom part to contact the samples, and sampling and detecting the discharged waste residues; and measuring the real-time output and the total quantity of the gas mixture, condensing and separating the gas mixture to obtain moisture, oil components and non-condensable gas, measuring the real-time output and the total quantity of the moisture, the oil components and the non-condensable gas, and detecting and analyzing the components of the non-condensable gas. The invention further provides the simulation experiment system for thermal treatment of oily sludge.

Systems and methods for minimizing extraneous forces and calculating corrected weights of samples based on buoyancy factors for a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The TGA includes a balance chamber and a furnace configured to heat a sample. A null balance is provided in the balance chamber and is used to measure the sample weight change during heating. The furnace includes a cylinder open at the top to receive a sample. The bottom of the cylinder is closed except for a small hole that allows a thermocouple to pass through. An infrared heat source may be provided to heat the cylinder. The balance chamber can be thermally isolated from the furnace using an actively cooled plate and a system of heat shields disposed between the furnace and balance chamber. A thermocouple disk is further provided to limit gas flow in the furnace and increase reliability of sample weight measurements.

The invention relates to hybridization liquid precursor, a preparing method and a method for preparing ZrC-SiC superhigh temperature ceramics and composite materials of the ZrC-SiC superhigh temperature ceramics through the hybridization liquid precursor. Solid PZC precursor and carbon-rich vinyl adopted to replace liquid polycarbosilane (LPCS) precursor serve as raw materials for the first time and are processed in a hybridization mode to synthesize the brand new hybridization liquid precursor which is low in viscosity, adjustable in component, low in solidifying temperature, good in dipping performance, free of toxicity, harmless and high in productivity, organic solvent does not need to be added to the hybridization liquid precursor, the hybridization liquid precursor can be used for preparing the ZrC-SiC superhigh temperature ceramics and the composite materials of the ZrC-SiC superhigh temperature ceramics, and according to the thermogravimetric analysis, the ceramic productivity of the hybridization liquid LPCS-PZC ceramic precursor is more than 69 percent. The percent conversion of the ZrC-SiC superhigh temperature ceramics or the percent conversion of the fiber-reinforced ZrC-SiC superhigh temperature ceramic composite material ceramic is high, the technology is simple, and the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the obtained materials is good.

The invention belongs to the field of sample analysis instruments and discloses a thermal gravimetric analyzer capable of realizing rapid temperature rise. The thermal gravimetric analyzer comprises a weighing device, a heating furnace, a sample lifting device, a protective lifting device and a temperature control device, wherein the weighing device comprises a pedestal base and an electronic balance; the heating furnace comprises a furnace holder and a furnace body; a resistive heater, a lofting channel, a reaction gas inlet pipe and a reaction exhaust outlet pipe are arranged on the furnace body; the sample lifting device comprises a first power mechanism, a first transmission device, a lifting table and a lifting rod; the protective lifting device comprises a second power mechanism, a second transmission device and an insulated protective jacket; and the temperature control device is connected with the heating furnace to be used for controlling the temperature of the hearth. According to the insulated protective jacket disclosed by the invention, the lifting basket is protected, abnormal data fluctuation at the initial reaction stage can be eliminated, and the measurement integrity, reliability and accuracy are improved.

Systems and methods for minimizing extraneous forces and calculating corrected weights of samples based on buoyancy factors for a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The TGA includes a balance chamber and a furnace configured to heat a sample. A null balance is provided in the balance chamber and is used to measure the sample weight change during heating. The furnace includes a cylinder open at the top to receive a sample. The bottom of the cylinder is closed except for a small hole that allows a thermocouple to pass through. An infrared heat source may be provided to heat the cylinder. The balance chamber can be thermally isolated from the furnace using an actively cooled plate and a system of heat shields disposed between the furnace and balance chamber. A thermocouple disk is further provided to limit gas flow in the furnace and increase reliability of sample weight measurements.

The present invention relates to a dispersion comprising metallic, metal oxide or metal precursor nanoparticles and a polymeric dispersant, the dispersant comprising an anchor group with affinity for the metallic, metal oxide or metal precursor nanoparticles that is chemically bonded to a polymeric backbone characterized in that the dispersant has a 95 wt. % decomposition at a temperature below 300° C. as measured by Thermal Gravimetric Analysis. It further relates to metallic fluids or inks prepared from the dispersion and to the preparation of the dispersion and the metallic fluid or inks.

The invention discloses a multi-atmosphere dynamic thermogravimetric-differential thermal analyzer which belongs to the field of petroleum refining industry and researches application thereof in sulfur transfer performance simulation and evaluation of flue gas. The analyzer comprises a protection gas circuit, a multigroup reaction gas circuit, a purging gas circuit, a switching valve, a test reactor, a drain port, a tail gas absorption device and an electrothermal furnace. The analyzer can blend and provide different required multicomponent mixed gas through one or a plurality of groups of gas regulating and mixing systems, switch the atmospheres in the test reactor according to requirements, simulate reaction atmospheres with complicated changes, realize dynamic in-situ testing, more particularly simulate a sulfur dioxide atmosphere and a hydrogen atmosphere (or a hydrocarbon atmosphere) under the micro positive pressure and carry out safe switching between the sulfur dioxide atmosphere and the hydrogen atmosphere (or the hydrocarbon atmosphere), record changes of the weight and the temperature of a sample in thermal treatment process at the real time under the condition of programmed temperature controlling, carry out thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis and is used for simulating and evaluating the performance of a sulfur transfer agent of catalytically-cracked flue gas.

Hollow silica microparticles suppress whitening of a transparent coating film and show excellent abrasion resistance and adhesiveness. The microparticles having the average particle diameter of 5 to 300 nm and the specific surface area of 50 to 1500 m2 / g, and also having an outer shell in which cavities are formed. The microparticles lose the weight by 1.0 W % or more at a temperature range from 200° C. to 500° C. when measured by the thermogravimetry (TG), and the microparticles have a positive DTA peak at the temperature range when measured by the differential thermogravimetric analysis (DTA).