The invention relates to a dynamic image modulation transfer function measuring device belonging to the field of optical property tests and sequentially comprising a point light source, a collimator objective, a pupil coupling system and a photoelectronic imaging system along the light propagating direction, and also comprising a driver, a motor, a lead screw, a computer and an image collector card, wherein the pupil coupling system adopts parallel light incidence and parallel light emergence; the entrance pupil of the pupil coupling system and the exit pupil of the collimator objective have same size and same position; the exit pupil of the pupil coupling system and the entrance pupil of the photoelectronic imaging system have same size and same position; the pupil coupling system is dismantled, and the exit pupil of the collimator objector and the entrance pupil of the photoelectronic imaging system have same size and same position; and the time difference of image acquisition of the photoelectronic imaging system and the travel of a sliding block I is set by a hardware delay circuit or software delay program. The device can not only eliminate image vignetting caused by target travel, but also can realize time comparison of the measurement result and the theoretical model.