54 results about "Ionic crystal" patented technology

The present invention describes nanophotonic materials and devices for both classical and quantum optical signal processing, transmission, amplification, and generation of light, which are based on a set of quantum systems having a discrete energy levels, such as atoms, molecules, or quantum dots, embedded in a frequency bandgap medium, such as artificial photonic crystals (photonic bandgap materials) or natural frequency dispersive media, such as ionic crystals, molecular crystals, or semiconductors, exhibiting a frequency (photonic) bandgap for propagating electromagnetic modes coupled to optical transitions in the quantum systems. If the frequency of one of optical transitions, called the working transition, lies inside the frequency bandgap of the medium, then spontaneous decay of the working transition into propagating photon modes is completely suppressed. Moreover, the excitation of the working transition and a photon form a photon-quantum system bound state lying inside the photonic bandgap of the medium, in which radiation is localized in the vicinity of the quantum system. In a quantum system “wire” or a quantum system “waveguide”, made of spatially disordered quantum systems, or in a chain quantum system waveguide made of a periodically ordered identical quantum systems, wave functions of the photon-quantum system bound states localized on different quantum systems overlap each other and develop a photonic passband lying inside bandgap of the photonic bandgap medium.

The invention belongs to a dye-sensitized solar cell and particularly discloses a solid electrolyte for a solar cell based on an ionic crystal. The solid electrolyte includes the following components: 50-89 percent by weight of non-polymerized ionic liquid, 10-40 percent by weight of ionic crystal and 1-10 percent by weight of iodine simple substances, wherein the non-polymerized ionic liquid is selected from one or a mixture of more than two (comprising two types) of compounds expressed by a chemical structural formula; in the formula, p is equal to 1-6; and a chemical structural general formula of the ionic crystal is shown in the description. According to the solid electrolyte disclosed by the invention, a crystal base element is introduced in the solid electrolyte, so that the light scattering phenomenon can be increased and further the efficiency of the battery is increased; and finally, the obtained solar cell is high in photoelectric conversion efficiency, wide in applicable temperature and capable of adapting to different light intensities.

The subject invention relates to a technique employing a calibrated thermal radiometer, and the radiation characteristics of ionic crystals to measure the temperature distribution of crystals during crystal growth. When in high temperature, the ionic crystals often exhibit a transparent region having low reflectance, and low absorption in the spectrum between the short-wavelength absorption edge and the long-wavelength absorption edge. In addition, these crystals have an opaque spectral region having low reflectance and high absorption, i.e. have surface radiation of high emissivity when the spectrum is in the range between the long-wavelength absorption edge and the onset of the Reststrahlen band. The spectral emissivity of the ionic crystal may not change significantly with a variation of temperature in this opaque region. According to Planck's law, the surface temperature distribution during crystal growth can be obtained after the surface radiation of the opaque region is detected, and the emissivity at the melting point is calculated.

The invention provides a thin film device where ionic crystals are epitaxially grown on a Si single crystal substrate through a proper buffer layer, and its for fabrication method. A ZnS layer is first deposited on a Si single crystal substrate. Ionic crystal thin films (an n-GaN layer, a GaN layer, and a p-GaN layer) are deposited thereon. The ZnS thin film is an oriented film excellent in crystallinity and has excellent surface flatness. When ZnS can be once epitaxially grown on the Si single crystal substrate, the ionic crystal thin films can be easily epitaxially grown subsequently. Therefore, ZnS is formed to be a buffer layer, whereby even ionic crystals having differences in lattice constants from Si can be easily epitaxially grown in an epitaxial thin film with few lattice defects on the Si single crystal substrate. The characteristics of a thin film device utilizing it can be enhanced.

The invention provides a thin film device where ionic crystals are epitaxially grown on a Si single crystal substrate through a proper buffer layer, and its for fabrication method. A ZnS layer is first deposited on a Si single crystal substrate. Ionic crystal thin films (an n-GaN layer, a GaN layer, and a p-GaN layer) are deposited thereon. The ZnS thin film is an oriented film excellent in crystallinity and has excellent surface flatness. When ZnS can be once epitaxially grown on the Si single crystal substrate, the ionic crystal thin films can be easily epitaxially grown subsequently. Therefore, ZnS is formed to be a buffer layer, whereby even ionic crystals having differences in lattice constants from Si can be easily epitaxially grown in an epitaxial thin film with few lattice defects on the Si single crystal substrate. The characteristics of a thin film device utilizing it can be enhanced.

The invention belongs to the field of chemical material preparation, and in particular relates to an ionic crystal type visible-light-induced photocatalyst based on Dawson type poly-tungstate and W / Ni heteronuclear metal clusters, and a preparation method of the ionic crystal type visible-light-induced photocatalyst. The ionic crystal type visible-light-induced photocatalyst is prepared by using six-absence tungsten phosphate, nickel salt, trihydroxymethyl amino methane, potassium carbonate and hydrochloric acid as the raw materials and using a hydrothermal method. The ionic crystal type visible-light-induced photocatalyst can be used for degrading methylene blue and organic dyes with the same chromophores as the methylene blue, and the decolourization ratio of the methylene blue can be 97.8%. The photocatalyst has remarkable absorption effect in a visible light area, so that the defect that the ordinary poly-acid base photocatalyst shows the catalytic activity only when being radiated by ultraviolet rays is overcome; and meanwhile the photocatalyst is insoluble in water, and the defects that the poly-acid photocatalyst is easy to be dissolved in polar solvents and hard to recycle are overcome, so that the photocatalyst has significant application prospects in the treatment of industrial dye wastewater.

The invention discloses a method used for increasing the stability of a water phase quantum dot. According to the method, an ionic liquid and the water phase quantum dot are subjected to ligand exchange so as to obtain a modified quantum dot ionic liquid, wherein the boiling point of the obtained modified quantum dot ionic liquid is high, is usually higher than 200 DEG C, and the stability of the modified quantum dot ionic liquid is always better than that of small molecular ligands, such as mercaptoacetic acid, mercaptopropionic acid, and glutathione, used for conventional water phase quantum dot preparation. The ligand exchange of the ionic liquid with the water phase quantum dot is adopted, so that the ionic liquid is converted into a quantum dot coated by a ligand, and the stability of single quantum dot is improved; the ionic liquid is an ionic crystal, an inorganic salt crystal is also ionic crystal, the ionic liquid modified quantum dot is capable of matching growth process of inorganic salt crystal, after mixing with inorganic salt, agglomeration among quantum dot is not easily caused, and uniform dispersed solid state quantum dot with high stability is obtained; the particle size of the solid state quantum dot can be adjusted via grinding, so that solid state quantum dot of different optical properties can be obtained.

The invention relates to a quasi-solid electrolyte for a solar cell based on double-imidazole type ionic crystal. The quasi-solid electrolyte comprises 25-50wt% of imidazole-type ionic liquid, 30-65wt% of double-imidazole ionic crystal, 5-10wt% of iodine elementary substance and 5-10wt% of additive. The general formula of the chemical construction of the double-imidazole ionic crystal is , wherein X is Br or I or C1 or BF4 or TFSI or PF6, a and b are independently integers from 2 to 6, and c is an integer from 0 to 5. On one hand, the components of the quasi-solid electrolyte do not contain organic solvent, the problem of organic solvent leakage is effectively avoided, and a dye-sensitized solar cell prepared by the quasi-solid electrolyte has high stability; on the other hand, the quasi-solid electrolyte contains the double-imidazole type ionic crystal, the conductivity of the quasi-solid electrolyte is improved, and accordingly the photoelectric converting efficiency of the dye-sensitized solar cell is improved.

A method for improving the quality of perovskite crystals and the performance of a battery by passivating charged defects is provided. The structure formula of a perovskite material is ABX3, wherein Ais an organic cation, such as one or a mixture of two of CH3NH3, NH2-CH= NH2, CH3CH2NH3, CH3 (CH2) 2NH3 and CH3 (CH2) 3NH3, B is one or a mixture of two of the metal ions Pb2 + and Sn2 +, and X is one or a mixture of more of halogen ions Cl-, Br-, I-. An ionic ammonium salt additive can passivate defects with positive charges and negative charges, and, as an ionic crystal, is characterized in that ammonium ions and halogen ions are independently distributed, thereby having the advantage of selectively passivating defects. The method has the advantages of simple process and low cost, and is helpful to reduce material defects, improve the crystal quality of perovskite thin films, and improve the performance of perovskite solar cells, and has good application prospects.

According to an aspect of an embodiment, a method for manufacturing a tunneling magnetoresistive film includes: providing a substrate and a first ferromagnetic layer on the substrate; and depositing a barrier material on the first ferromagnetic layer by sputtering to a target material including an element having an atomic weight in the range of 14 to 27 under an atmosphere including Ne to form a barrier layer consisting essentially of an ionic crystal with a rock-salt structure. The method further includes providing a second ferromagnetic layer on the barrier layer.

The invention relates to a solid electrolyte for a dye-sensitized solar cell based on ionic crystals. The solid electrolyte comprises the following ingredients including 70 to 80 weight percent of ionic crystals, 5 to 15 weight percent of Iodine and 5 to 15 weight percent of methylbenzimidazole, wherein the chemical structural formula of the ionic crystals is shown as the accompanying drawing; in the formula, s is an integer from 1 to 12, and q is an integer from 0 to 5; and the solid electrolyte also comprises the following ingredients in percentage by mass: 1 to 5 weight percent of CuAl<2>O<4>. Cyanobiphenyl groups are introduced into the ionic crystals, so that the light scattering phenomenon can be increased; the CuAl<2>O<4> is added into the electrolyte, so that a hole transport structure can be formed; therefore the hole transport structure can be combined with a light scattering structure generated by ionic crystal introduction; and the cell performance and the photoelectric conversion efficiency are improved.

The present invention is material for making color pen or pen refill and the process of making color pen or pen refill with the material. The material includes ionic crystal pigment, color carrier, flux as coupling agent and other components. The making process of pen or pen refill includes the steps of: mixing the material with water and adhesive to form mixture containing water in 10-20 %; extruding the mixture into strip; bend preventing roasting of the strip; and high temperature calcination of the strip.

Belonging to the field of preparation and application of organic long afterglow materials, the invention in particular relates to a preparation and application method of a luminescent color adjustablelong afterglow material based on organic salt ionic crystals. The long afterglow material provided by the invention has the characteristics that: (1) the raw materials are easily available, the synthesis is simple, aqueous phase preparation method is adopted, and is environment-friendly and pollution-free; (2) different positive ions are selected, one chromophore can realize different long afterglow luminescence; and (3) ammonia and hydrogen chloride gas are respectively used for fumigating, thus realizing reversible long afterglow luminescent color adjustment, and simultaneously realizing visual detection of ammonia and hydrogen chloride gas. The organic luminescent material is expected to be a novel long afterglow material with enormous commercial potential.

The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of samples for scanning electron microscopy, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a micron ionic crystal powder sample for scanning electron microscopy. The method includes steps of (1) dispersing, (2) sampling, (3) preparing resin glue, (4) performing cold mounting to prepare a sample and (5) spraying gold. The prepared powder scanning electron microscopy sample is uniform in powder dispersion so that particle caking and agglomeration can be avoided. The powder sample is tightly bound with the resin glue and adhesive force is high so that the powder can be firmly embedded. Compared with traditional methods, the method can effectively overcome a problem that samples fly away from sample tables during vacuumization and testing and pollute microscopy cavities due to low binding force between powder and conductive glue. After gold plating, electrical conductivity of the powder sample is improved, images are made clear and clear electron microscopy observation having high resolution can be achieved. The method has characteristics of a short sample preparing period, simple operation and good practicability.

The present invention relates to a high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and in particular to a preparation method of a triazole-based ionic crystal / polymer composite film. The method uses a high-temperature dipping method to immerse the triazole-based ionic crystal into a polymer substrate, so as to prepare a composite film. The prepared film has the advantages of high conductivity and low permeability. The composite film prepared by the present invention has potential application prospect in high-temperature exchange membrane fuel cell.

The invention relates to microcrystalline glass with a hydrophobic and oleophobic composite coating on the surface as well as a preparation method and application of the microcrystalline glass, and the coated glass is microcrystalline glass or glass ceramic with a hydrophobic and oleophobic composite coating on the surface. The coated microcrystalline glass is characterized in that from the outermost surface of the glass, the microcrystalline glass comprises a hydrophobic and oleophobic layer, a middle layer, a priming layer and microcrystalline glass body or glass ceramic, the middle layer is formed by ionic crystals with the lattice energy of 700-3000kJ / mol, and the priming layer comprises a compound containing Si-O bonds or a mixed silicon oxide layer. According to the invention, a firm, durable and excellent-performance hydrophobic and oleophobic coating can be formed even if a coating interface of the microcrystalline glass has a few Si-O structures, and excellent hydrophobicity and oleophobicity can be generated no matter whether ion exchange is carried out on high-crystallinity glass or not.

The invention belongs to a dye-sensitized solar cell and particularly discloses a solid electrolyte for a solar cell based on an ionic crystal. The solid electrolyte includes the following components: 50-89 percent by weight of non-polymerized ionic liquid, 10-40 percent by weight of ionic crystal and 1-10 percent by weight of iodine simple substances, wherein the non-polymerized ionic liquid is selected from one or a mixture of more than two (comprising two types) of compounds expressed by a chemical structural formula; in the formula, p is equal to 1-6; and a chemical structural general formula of the ionic crystal is shown in the description. According to the solid electrolyte disclosed by the invention, a crystal base element is introduced in the solid electrolyte, so that the light scattering phenomenon can be increased and further the efficiency of the battery is increased; and finally, the obtained solar cell is high in photoelectric conversion efficiency, wide in applicable temperature and capable of adapting to different light intensities.

The invention provides an upper part electrode and a manufacturing method of the upper part electrode, and dry etching equipment. The upper part electrode comprises an upper part electrode main body, wherein electrode gas discharge holes are formed in the upper part electrode main body; the surface of the upper part electrode main body is coated with an ionic crystal layer; the surface of the ionic crystal layer is coated with an atom crystal layer. The method comprises the steps of forming the electrode gas discharge holes in the upper part electrode main body, forming the ionic crystal layer on the surface of the upper part electrode main body and forming the atom crystal layer on the surface of the ionic crystal layer. According to the upper part electrode provided by the invention, the surface oxidation film is made of atom crystals, and the atom crystals are stable in chemical property, high temperature resistant and large in Mohs hardness, so that the upper part electrode can effectively avoid adhesion of reaction product and corrosion of the electrode gas discharge holes, and then the service life of the upper part electrode is prolonged, and meanwhile the condition of poor process can be avoided.

A microcrystalline glass containing a water-repellent and oil-repellent composite coating layer on the surface, a preparation method and application thereof. The coated glass is a microcrystalline glass or a glass ceramic containing a water-repellent and oil-repellent composite coating layer on the surface, which is characterized in that from the outmost surface of the glass, it includes: a water-repellent and oil-repellent layer, an intermediate layer, a bottom layer and a microcrystalline glass or a glass ceramic, wherein, the intermediate layer is the intermediate layer containing ionic crystals with a lattice energy of 700-3000 kJ / mol and formed by the same, the bottom layer includes compounds containing Si—O bonds or a mixed silicon oxide layer. The present invention can form a firm, durable and excellent water-repellent and oil-repellent coating film even if the coating interface of microcrystalline glass has very few Si—O structure, and can achieve excellent water-repellent and oil-repellent property regardless of whether the high-crystallinity glass has done ion exchange or not.

The invention relates to solid electrolyte for a dye sensitization solar battery based on ion crystal. The solid electrolyte comprises the following components by weight percent: 70 to 90 percent of ion crystal, 5 to 15 percent of elemental iodine and 5 to 15 percent of additives, wherein the chemical structural formula of the ion crystal is as follows, s is an integer of 1 to 12, and q is an integer of 0 to 5. The electrolyte is solid, so that the leakage problem in the application process can be effectively overcome, and the high stability of the dye sensitization solar battery can be maintained; and meanwhile, cyan biphenylyl groups are introduced in the ion crystal, so that the light scattering phenomenon can be increased, and high battery performance and photoelectric conversion efficiency can be maintained.

The invention belongs to the field of chemical material preparation, and specifically relates to an ionic crystal visible light catalyst based on Dawson type polytungstate and W / Ni heteronuclear metal clusters and a preparation method thereof. Salt, trishydroxymethylaminomethane, potassium carbonate and hydrochloric acid are used as raw materials and prepared by hydrothermal method. The invention can be used for the degradation of methylene blue and organic dyes with the same chromogenic group, and the decolorization rate of methylene blue can reach 97.8%. The material has obvious absorption in the visible light region, which can make up for the shortcoming that the general polyacid-based photocatalyst only shows catalytic activity under ultraviolet light irradiation. At the same time, it is difficult to dissolve in water, which overcomes the shortcomings of polyacid photocatalysts that are easily soluble in polar solvents and difficult to recycle, so it has an important application prospect in the treatment of industrial dye wastewater.

The invention discloses solid electrolyte for a dye-sensitized solar cell. The solid electrolyte comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of benzonitrile type alkynyl quaternary ammonium salt ionic crystal, 20-30 parts of 3-cyanobenzyl tripropargyl quaternary ammonium salt organic ion, 2-5 parts of ferrocenyl-acetenyl, 1-3 parts of cyanoacetylene, 4-8 parts of elemental iodine, 4-8 parts of iodate and 5-10 parts of additives. The preparation method of the solid electrolyte for the dye-sensitized solar cell comprises the following steps: heating, melting, uniformly stirring to form a mixture, adding the elemental iodine and additives, heating, melting and uniformly stirring, cooling and curing. According to the solid electrolyte for the dye-sensitized solar cell disclosed by the invention, leakage and volatilization problems can be effectively solved, and the electrolyte is high in electrical conductivity and has obvious effects in improving the stability and photovoltaic conversion efficiency of the dye-sensitized solar cell and prolonging the service life cycle.

The invention relates to a process for increasing the concentration of lithium ions in lithium niobate which comprises, placing the lithium niobate wafers with the same constituents into crucible, covering the wafers with right amount of lithium ion crystal powder and potassium ion crystal powder so as to melt down the crystal powder, then keeping constant temperature of 1000-1200 deg. C for 1-200 hours, cooling down to room temperature, and removing the ionic crystal residues adhering to the wafers by means of liquid cleaning and polishing.

The invention belongs to the technical field of air purification liquid, and discloses negative ion air purification liquid, a preparation method and special production equipment. The negative ion air purification liquid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100-120 parts of negative ion crystals (powdery), 1-3 parts of a dispersing agent, 3-15 parts of a pH regulator, 10-20 parts of a natural hydrolat extracting solution and 50-60 parts of calcium carbonate (powdery). An adjusting column is driven to move, and rotation of the moving column in the moving process is completed through path guidance in an angle adjusting cavity, so that angle change of stirring blades during rotation is achieved, the contact area with materials is reduced at a high rotating speed, resistance is reduced, electric power used by a motor is saved, meanwhile, by arranging a first limiting ring, a reset spring and a second limiting ring, under the condition of low rotating speed, outward tension generated by the stirring blades on the moving column due to the centrifugal phenomenon is smaller than counter-acting force of the reset spring, low rotating speed causes low resistance, at the moment, the angle of the stirring blades is not changed in time, too large resistance cannot be caused, and the stirring efficiency is kept.

The invention relates to the technical field of water quality purification, and provides a nucleation agglomeration induced granulation water treatment device for synchronously removing high-valence ions and organic matters. The water treatment device comprises a pre-oxidation tank, a coagulation reaction tank and a granulation sedimentation tank which are sequentially communicated, the coagulation reaction tank is assisted by a coagulant, so that the organic matters are in a micro-destabilization state; an alkaline substance and a nucleating agent are used as auxiliary materials, so that high-valence metal ions are in an ionic crystal state; then the water enters the lower part of the granulation sedimentation tank, under the action of a coagulant aid; the nucleating agent is preferentially combined with ionic crystal to form a crystal nucleus center; micro-destabilized organic matters are gathered outside the crystal nucleus center in a one-by-one attachment mode to form a densifiedgranulation body; in the process that water flows from bottom to top, the density of a granulation body is increased from bottom to top, then the granulation body with the large density is deposited at the bottom of the granulation sedimentation tank, the nucleation condensation induced granulation process is completed, and finally water with high-valence metal ions and organic matter synchronously removed is discharged from a water outlet.

The invention relates to a self Q-adjusting garnet crystal, a self Q-adjusting device made of the self Q-adjusting garnet crystal and a self Q-adjusting pulsed laser made of the self Q-adjusting garnet crystal. The molecular general formula of the self Q-adjusting garnet crystal Re3+, Cr4+: A3(ScxGa1-x)2Ga3O12 is (ReyCazA1-y-z)3(ScxGa1-x)2(CrzGa1-z)3O12, wherein Re is equal to Nd or Yb, A is equal to Y, Gd or Lu,x is greater than or equal to 0 and smaller than or equal to 1,y is greater than or equal to 0 and smaller than or equal to 1, and z is greater than or equal to 0.00001 and smaller than or equal to 0.1; gain active ions (Nd3+ or Yb3+) and saturable absorbed ions Cr4+ are combined to realize the output of the self Q-adjusting pulsed laser with corresponding wave length. Co-doping Nd3+ and Cr4+ionic crystal Nd3+,Cr4+:A3(ScxGa1-x)2Ga3O12 can realize self Q-adjusting pulsed laser of which the output wavelength is 0.9 micron (4F3 / 2-4I9 / 2) and 1.06 microns (4F3 / 2-4I11 / 2); co-doping Yb3+ and Cr4+ionic crystal Yb3+,Cr4+:A3(ScxGa1-x)2Ga3O12 can realize self Q-adjusting pulsed laser of which the output wavelength is about 1 micron (2F5 / 2-2F7 / 2). The self Q-adjusting pulsed laser disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of simple and compact structure, small size, low cost, and simpleness in operation.

The invention discloses a method used for increasing the stability of a water phase quantum dot. According to the method, an ionic liquid and the water phase quantum dot are subjected to ligand exchange so as to obtain a modified quantum dot ionic liquid, wherein the boiling point of the obtained modified quantum dot ionic liquid is high, is usually higher than 200 DEG C, and the stability of the modified quantum dot ionic liquid is always better than that of small molecular ligands, such as mercaptoacetic acid, mercaptopropionic acid, and glutathione, used for conventional water phase quantum dot preparation. The ligand exchange of the ionic liquid with the water phase quantum dot is adopted, so that the ionic liquid is converted into a quantum dot coated by a ligand, and the stability of single quantum dot is improved; the ionic liquid is an ionic crystal, an inorganic salt crystal is also ionic crystal, the ionic liquid modified quantum dot is capable of matching growth process of inorganic salt crystal, after mixing with inorganic salt, agglomeration among quantum dot is not easily caused, and uniform dispersed solid state quantum dot with high stability is obtained; the particle size of the solid state quantum dot can be adjusted via grinding, so that solid state quantum dot of different optical properties can be obtained.

The invention provides a quasi-solid electrolyte for a dye-sensitized solar cell. The quasi-solid electrolyte for the dye-sensitized solar cell is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of dibutyl benzyltriazine ionic crystal, 20-30 parts of pyridine ionic liquid, 4-9 parts of elemental iodine, 3-8 parts of an additive and 2-5 parts of an organic salt-modified polypyrrole tube, wherein the additive is one or more of methylbenzimidazole (MBI), butyl-benzimidazole (NBB) and tert-butylpyridine (TBP); and the pyridine ionic liquid is selected from one or more of N-ethylpyridine tetrafluoroborate, N-butyl-pyridine hexafluorophosphate, N-butylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate and N-heptane pyridine hexafluorophosphate. The quasi-solid electrolyte provided by the invention is higher in conductivity, better in stability and easier to package in comparison with the quasi-solid electrolyte in the prior art, and does not contain an organic solvent, so that the security is better, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the dye-sensitized solar cell is effectively improved.

The present invention provides a method of cleaning a storage case to be used for storing or transporting mask substrates such as photomasks and photomask blanks, semiconductor substrates such as semiconductor wafers, pellicles, or the like. The present invention: facilitates a regular cleaning operation, can be used also for a storage case of a complicated shape, does not require a large scale equipment or an expensive equipment to facilitate an environmental countermeasure, and provides high cleaning effect. The method of cleaning a storage case polluted by adhesion of a foreign substance of an organic material, an ionic foreign substances or an ionic crystal foreign substance physically absorbed, comprises a step of placing the storage case still in air flow of cleaned air or an inert gas in a temperature range from room temperature to 80° C. for desorbing and removing the foreign substance adhered to the storage case.