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196 results about "Flammability limit" patented technology
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Mixtures of dispersed combustible materials (such as gaseous or vaporised fuels, and some dusts) and air will burn only if the fuel concentration lies within well-defined lower and upper bounds determined experimentally, referred to as flammability limits or explosive limits. Combustion can range in violence from deflagration through detonation.
Integrated process and dual-function catalyst for olefin epoxidation
The invention discloses a dual-functional catalyst composition and an integrated process for production of olefin epoxides including propylene oxide by catalytic reaction of hydrogen peroxide from hydrogen and oxygen with olefin feeds such as propylene. The epoxides and hydrogen peroxide are preferably produced simultaneously in situ. The dual-functional catalyst comprises noble metal crystallites with dimensions on the nanometer scale (on the order of <1 nm to 10 nm), specially dispersed on titanium silicalite substrate particles. The dual functional catalyst catalyzes both the direct reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to generate hydrogen peroxide intermediate on the noble metal catalyst surface and the reaction of the hydrogen peroxide intermediate with the propylene feed to generate propylene oxide product. Combining both these functions in a single catalyst provides a very efficient integrated process operable below the flammability limits of hydrogen and highly selective for the production of hydrogen peroxide to produce olefin oxides such as propylene oxide without formation of undesired co-products.
Owner:HEADWATERS TECH INNOVATION GRP
Combustor of gas turbine and combustion control method for gas turbine
ActiveUS7673454B2Improve performanceOccurrence of unburned fuel between the first group and the second groupGas turbine plantsHot gas positive displacement engine plantsCombustorLow load
Owner:MITSUBISHI POWER LTD
Compact swirl augmented afterburners for gas turbine engines
InactiveUS6895756B2Efficient flame propagationBurn quicklyTurbine/propulsion fuel supply systemsContinuous combustion chamberCombustion instabilityCombustion chamber
An afterburner apparatus that utilizes a novel swirl generator for rapidly and efficiently atomizing, vaporizing, as necessary, and mixing a fuel into an oxidant. The swirl generator converts an oxidant flow into a turbulent, three-dimensional flowfield into which the fuel is introduced. The swirl generator effects a toroidal outer recirculation zone and a central recirculation zone, which is positioned within the outer recirculation zone. These recirculation zones are configured in a backward-flowing manner that carries heat and combustion byproducts upstream where they are employed to continuously ignite a combustible fuel / oxidizer mixture in adjacent shear layers. The recirculation zones accelerate flame propagation to allow afterburning to be completed in a relatively short length. Inherent with this swirl afterburner concept are design compactness, light weight, lower cost, smooth and efficient combustion, high thrust output, wide flammability limits, continuous operation at stoichiometric fuel / oxidizer mixture ratios, no combustion instabilities, and relatively low pressure losses.
Owner:THE BOEING CO +1
High-temperature high-pressure explosion limit tester, method for determining explosion limit, and application thereof
The invention provides a novel high-temperature high-pressure explosion limit tester comprising a raw material gas supply apparatus, an explosion determination device, a vacuum generating device, and a controlling device. The explosion determination device is mainly composed of a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, and an igniter. The explosion determination device is used for determining explosion limit, explosion pressure and explosion temperature of the gas or vapor. The vacuum generating device is used in vacuum pumping upon the explosion determination device. The controlling device is used for determining, controlling and collecting experimental data generated during the experiment. Compared with prior arts, the high-temperature high-pressure explosion limit tester provided by the invention has a temperature testing range of room temperature to 400 DEG C, which is higher than 200 DEG C which is a maximal temperature of instruments in existing standards; the tester provided by the invention has a pressure range of normal pressure to 2.2MPa, which is higher than 1.38MPa which is a maximal pressure of instruments in existing standards; and the tester provided by the invention has a test volume of 10L, which is larger than that of an existing tube-type explosion limit tester, such that a wall effect can be better reduced.
Owner:CHINA PETROLEUM & CHEM CORP +1
Combined cycle engines incorporating swirl augmented combustion for reduced volume and weight and improved performance
InactiveUS6907724B2Shorten the lengthFast atomizationContinuous combustion chamberJet type power plantsRamjetFlame propagation
Owner:UNITED TECH CORP +1
Compact swirl augmented afterburners for gas turbine engines
InactiveUS20060230764A1Promotes rapid and efficient atomization and mixingBurn quicklyTurbine/propulsion fuel supply systemsContinuous combustion chamberCombustion instabilityFlame propagation
Owner:UNITED TECH CORP
Fuel Injection Strategy for Internal Combustion Engine Having Dedicated EGR Cylinders
ActiveUS20130220286A1Electrical controlNon-fuel substance addition to fuelCombustion chamberFlammability limit
A method using exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) in an internal combustion engine. The engine has at least one “dedicated EGR cylinder”, whose entire exhaust is recirculated back to all the engine cylinders. The dedicated EGR cylinder is operated at a rich air-fuel ratio, and the other cylinders are operated stoichiometrically so that a conventional three way catalyst may be used to treat the exhaust. A fuel injector is used to inject fuel into the combustion chamber of the dedicated EGR cylinder after initiation of the main combustion event. This post injection method overcomes flammability limits of a dedicated EGR cylinder, and increases the hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) in its exhaust.
Owner:SOUTHWEST RES INST
Exhaust processing method and apparatus for safety dumping of fuel cell automobile hydrogen gas
ActiveCN101409353AReduce hydrogen concentrationGood buffer dilution treatment effectFuel cellsPropulsion unit gas exhaustFlame arresterExhaust valve
The invention discloses a tail gas buffer dilution treatment method for safe emission of hydrogen from a fuel cell vehicle and a device thereof. The device comprises a hydrogen buffer, a flow control valve, a draining valve, a flame arrester, an earth terminal, an emergency hydrogen exhaust valve, a hydrogen sensor and a control module. The pulse hydrogen emitted from an anode side of the fuel cell is firstly buffered by the buffer, and a small stream of air introduced from an air path emitted from the cathode side dilutes and sweeps the hydrogen in the buffer; then the diluted hydrogen emitted from the buffer and the gas from a main air pipeline are mixed, thus the volume concentration of the tail hydrogen emitted from the fuel cell vehicle is controlled below the explosion limit concentration 4%, and the purified water discharged from a condenser can be recycled. The tail gas buffer dilution treatment device utilizes the techniques of self-diffusion, multi-tube pass buffer, air mixing and exchange, expansion, condensation and the like to buffer and dilute the hydrogen-containing tail gas emitted from the fuel cell vehicle and separate the water and gas in the hydrogen-containing tail gas, thus eliminating the possible fire hazard and ensuring the safe running of the fuel cell vehicle.
Owner:TONGJI UNIV
Dry converter coal gas dust-removal system and explosion protection device thereof
InactiveCN101570808AReduce the chance of explosionGuaranteed safe operationManufacturing convertersGas compositionFlue gas
Owner:MCC CAPITAL ENGINEERING & RESEARCH
Gas fired appliance safety device
InactiveUS20020134322A1Improve the immunityIncrease concentrationMachines/enginesFuel injecting pumpsHigh concentrationElectricity
A flammable vapor detector is used to detect flammable vapors in the event of a volatile organic liquid spill near a gas fired appliance, such as a hot water heater. The appliance is mounted at an elevation above the floor while the detector is mounted at or near the floor where the spill may occur. The detector is connected electrically to a safety gas cut-off solenoid valve in the appliance to urge the valve to cut-off the flow of gas to the appliance in the event that the detector detects flammable vapor. Because the detector is below elevation of the appliance, the detector reacts to higher concentrations of flammable vapors than the concentrations of flammable vapors at the higher elevation of the appliance to turn off the gas to the appliance before the combustion air to the appliance reaches a lower flammability limit. The appliance used to describe the invention is a gas fired hot water heater.
Owner:DOLAN PAT
Combined cycle engines incorporating swirl augmented combustion for reduced volume and weight and improved performance
InactiveUS20050081508A1Rapid fuel atomizationVaporization fastContinuous combustion chamberJet type power plantsRamjetFlame propagation
A combined-cycle engine having at least one core engine and at least one ramjet engine. The ramjet utilizes a novel swirl generator for rapidly and efficiently atomizing, vaporizing, as necessary, and mixing a fuel into an oxidant. The swirl generator converts an oxidant flow into a turbulent, three-dimensional flowfield into which the fuel is introduced. The swirl generator effects a toroidal outer recirculation zone and an inner central recirculation zone, both of which are configured in a backward-flowing manner that carries heat and combustion byproducts upstream where they are employed to continuously ignite a combustible fuel / oxidizer mixture in adjacent shear layers, which accelerate flame propagation throughout the core flowfield. The swirl generator provides smooth combustion with no instabilities and minimum total pressure losses and enables significant reductions in the L / D ratio of the combustor. Other benefits include simplicity, reliability, wide flammability limits, high combustion efficiency and high specific thrust performance.
Owner:UNITED TECH CORP +1
Process and apparatus for supplying a gaseous mixture
InactiveUS6840256B1Rapid dilutionMaintain physiological activityFlow mixersPipeline systemsAtmospheric airCombustible gas
A method and apparatus for generating a non-flammable gaseous mixture from a first flammable gas and a second gas in which said first gas is flammable. Air may be extracted from the atmosphere or storage container to be treated. The air is circulated in a conduit (22) via blower (14). A flammable gas is injected (12) into the conduit where it is rapidly diluted to a level below its flammability limit. The method is suitable for unattended automatic treatment over an extended period of time, or a so-called “one shot / quick dump” fumigation where concentrations and flow rates are much higher and the process is under manual supervision.
Owner:CYTEC CANADA
Explosion limit determining device and determining method
InactiveCN102937604AEasy to measureEfficient determinationMaterial exposibilityFlammability limitGas explosion
The invention relates to an explosion limit determining device and an explosion limit determining method. The explosion limit determining device comprises an ignition device, a pressure-resistant vessel, a gas inlet, a temperature measuring port, a pressure measuring port, a vent port, and an observation port. The ignition device is embedded in the pressure-resistant vessel. The pressure-resistant vessel is provided with a heating and temperature-maintaining system, the gas inlet, the temperature measuring port, the pressure measuring port, the vent port, and the observation port. With the explosion limit determining device provided by the invention, gas explosion limit under various process conditions can be conveniently, highly efficiently, and truly determined. The device and the method provided by the invention have a great significance in ensuring industrial production safe operation.
Owner:CHINA PETROLEUM & CHEM CORP +1
Fuel injection strategy for internal combustion engine having dedicated EGR cylinders
Owner:SOUTHWEST RES INST
Compact lightweight ramjet engines incorporating swirl augmented combustion with improved performance
InactiveUS6968695B2Flame stabilizationEasy to operateContinuous combustion chamberEfficient propulsion technologiesRamjetFlame propagation
Owner:THE BOEING CO
Method for determining explosion limit of multicomponent mixed gas
The invention relates to a method for determining explosion limit of multicomponent mixed gas. The conventional physical and chemical parameters and the mixture ratio of pure gas are adopted to build corresponding explosion limit prediction models aiming at different classes of multicomponent mixed gas, and the built models are utilized to predict the explosion limit of unknown mixed gas. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, collection of modeling samples of the multicomponent mixed gas and the explosion limit data of the multicomponent mixed gas; 2, classified processing of the modeling samples of the multicomponent mixed gas; 3, determination of the physical and chemical parameters and collection of the data; 4, building of the prediction models; 5, confirmation and correction of the models; 6, and application of the prediction models. The explosion limit is an important indicator for measuring the explosion risk of the mixed gas, and a predicting method for researching the explosion limit of the multicomponent mixed gas has importance for the prediction and monitor of the gas explosion. The method is sample and has high prediction accuracy, and the invention provides a simple, fast, accurate and reliable predicting method for predicting the explosion limit of the multicomponent mixed gas.
Owner:NANJING UNIV OF TECH
Combustor with fuel staggering for flame holding mitigation
Owner:GE INFRASTRUCTURE TECH INT LLC
Natural gas engine, and combustion system and combustion method for natural gas engine
InactiveCN103758630ARaise the flammability limitBurn fasterInternal combustion piston enginesExhaust apparatusCombustion systemFlammability limit
The invention relates to the technical field of internal combustion engines, and discloses a natural gas engine, and a combustion system and a combustion method for the natural gas engine. The natural gas engine, the combustion system and the combustion method have the advantages that gas inlets of a part of cylinders of the natural gas engine are connected with natural gas supply equipment on the basis that a cooling EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) technology is applied to the natural gas engine, and excessive natural gas flows into the part of cylinders and is combusted to generate modified mixed gas containing H<2> and CO; exhaust ports of the part of cylinders are connected with a gas collecting cavity, the modified mixed gas is totally led into the gas collecting cavity, and the modified mixed gas and gas in the gas collecting cavity are mixed with each other and then flow into various cylinders to participate in combustion; a large quantity of hydrogen is contained in the gas which is modified by the part of cylinders, and can accelerate combustion of the mixed gas, so that the flammability limit of gas in the cylinders can be upgraded under the condition of a high EGR rate, NO<x> is reduced, the combustion temperature is lowered, knocking can be suppressed, the dynamic property and the economical efficiency of the engine can be improved, and the difficult problem of high heat load of an existing natural gas engine can be solved.
Owner:TSINGHUA UNIV
Intermittently discharged organic waste gas gathering and processing method
InactiveCN104501187AIncrease motivationAchieve energy saving effectIncinerator apparatusAir quality improvementFlame arresterDirect combustion
The invention discloses an intermittently discharged organic waste gas gathering and processing method. After the intermittently discharged organic waste gas passes through a flame arrester, a booster pump and a waste gas gathering cabinet, if the organic waste gas is very high in concentration, the organic waste gas can be burnt directly or directly burnt in a combustion device / a boiler after passing through a purification / decontamination device B, and the heat generated by burning directly generates steam. If the organic waste gas is low in purity, the organic waste gas is thinned to the concentration lower than an explosion limit through a thinning device, the thinned organic waste gas is conveyed to heat storage oxidization / heat storage catalysis / catalytic oxidation devices to oxidize and decontaminate, one part of the gas is switched between the heat storage oxidization / heat storage catalysis / catalytic oxidation devices, one part of the heat generated by oxidization heats the waste gas to arrive at a combustible temperature, and most of the heat generates steam through a waste heat boiler. The intermittently discharged organic waste gas gathering and processing method is capable of realizing energy conservation and environment protection, a pollutant discharge enterprise even can gain profit when treating pollutant, and accordingly the pollutant treatment enthusiasm of the enterprise is greatly increased.
Owner:德州奥深节能环保技术有限公司
Explosion limit testing device of combustible gas under high-temperature condition
InactiveCN102937606APrecise proportionPrecise temperature controlMaterial exposibilityDetonationData acquisition
The invention relates to an explosion limit testing device of combustible gas under a high-temperature condition. The device comprises a temperature data collection system, a heating temperature control system, and a supplied gas feeding / gas pumping and purging system. The supplied gas feeding / gas pumping and purging system comprises the following components connected in parallel: a delivering pipe of gas to be detected, an oxygen delivering pipe, an air delivering pipe, and a vacuum pump. The heating temperature control system comprises a round-bottomed flask testing chamber, a heating jacket, a temperature control thermocouple, and a heating furnace. The round-bottomed flask testing chamber is suspended in the heating furnace through an insulation supporting device. The testing device provided by the invention is a semi-closed testing device. A safety valve is provided above the flask, such that pressure can be released in time after explosion occurs, and the flask is prevented from being damaged by detonation pressure. Therefore, the explosion limit of combustible gas under high-temperature condition can be effectively measured, and temperature can be accurately controlled. An upper temperature limit can reach 800 DEG C. Also, the device is convenient to observe, such that testing accuracy is greatly improved.
Owner:CHINA PETROLEUM & CHEM CORP +1
Underground coal mine gas explosion reaction test device
InactiveCN104422713APrevention and Control of Explosion DisastersMaterial exposibilityPressure riseProcess engineering
The invention relates to an underground coal mine gas explosion reaction test device which comprises a controller, an explosion reaction tank, an explosion gas source connected with the explosion reaction tank, and a compressed air source, wherein the explosion reaction tank is internally provided with an ignition electrode and a pressure sensor; the ignition electrode and the pressure sensor are connected with the controller; the device also comprises a vacuum pump and an air compressor which are connected with the explosion reaction tank. After the underground coal mine gas explosion reaction test device is used, the basic parameters such as explosion limit, explosion pressure, explosion pressure rise speed, explosion pressure peak time and the like of underground explosive gas in a macroscopic static state and a turbulence state are simulated, and the influence of turbulence to gas explosion characteristics is analyzed; therefore, a certain guidance is provided for effectively controlling mine gas explosion hazard.
Owner:冉骏
Methods and systems for assisted direct start control
ActiveUS20110192374A1Save fuelReduce exhaust emissionsAnalogue computers for vehiclesElectrical controlSpinsIdle speed
Owner:FORD GLOBAL TECH LLC
High conversion and selectivity odh process
ActiveUS20170210685A1Easy temperature controlMinimizing combustionCatalystsCatalyst regeneration/reactivationFluidized bedFlammability limit
Ethane may be catalytically oxidatively dehydrogenated to ethylene at high conversions and high selectivity in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) reactor in the presence of oxygen in the feed in an amount above the flammability limit. The reactor has an attached regeneration reactor to regenerate the catalyst and cycle back to the CFB.
Owner:NOVA CHEM (INT) SA
Drying method of battery pole piece
ActiveCN105932226AImprove efficiencyReduction of recycling energy consumptionCell electrodesPretreated surfacesEngineeringSlurry
The application relates to the field of lithium ion batteries, in particular relates to a drying method of a battery pole piece. The drying method comprises the following steps: coating slurry with N-methyl pyrrolidone as solvent on the pole piece, drying at the temperature of 50-81 DEG C. Based on the saturated vapor pressure theory and the explosion limit theory, the low-temperature drying process is realized through the regulation of the slurry and the coating process parameters, so that the production is in a 100% safe state, and the efficiency of the NMP recycling system is improved, and the NMP recycling energy consumption is greatly lowered.
Owner:UNITED AUTO BATTERY CO LTD
Compact lightweight ramjet engines incorporating swirl augmented combustion with improved performance
InactiveUS20050178104A1Fast processRapid fuel atomization and vaporization and mixingContinuous combustion chamberCosmonautic vehiclesRamjetFlame propagation
A ramjet powered device that utilizes a novel swirl generator for rapidly and efficiently atomizing, vaporizing, as necessary, and mixing a fuel into an oxidant. The swirl generator converts an oxidant flow into a turbulent, three-dimensional flowfield into which the fuel is introduced. The swirl generator effects a toroidal outer recirculation zone and an inner central recirculation zone, both of which are configured in a backward-flowing manner that carries heat and combustion byproducts upstream where they are employed to continuously ignite a combustible fuel / oxidizer mixture in adjacent shear layers and stabilizes flame propagation and accelerates combustion throughout the entire combustor. The swirl generator provides smooth combustion with no instabilities and minimum total pressure losses and enables significant reductions in the L / D ratio of the combustor. Other benefits include simplicity, reliability, wide flammability limits and high combustion efficiency and thrust performance.
Owner:UNITED TECH CORP
Nitrogen dilution anti-explosion system in dry-method cooling and purifying recovery system for converter gas
ActiveCN103276139AExplosion reduction or avoidanceManufacturing convertersProcess efficiency improvementNitrogen dilutionPneumatic valve
The invention provides a nitrogen dilution anti-explosion system in a dry-method cooling and purifying recovery system for a converter gas. The nitrogen dilution anti-explosion system mainly comprises a nitrogen tank, a rapid pneumatic valve arranged on a nitrogen pipe, a gas analyzer mounted on a smoke inlet pipeline of an electrostatic precipitator, as well as a controller, wherein the controller is used for controlling the rapid pneumatic valve to open or close according to a signal collected by the gas analyzer. The nitrogen dilution anti-explosion system can be mounted on the pipeline before smoke entering the electrostatic precipitator, smoke components can be detected timely, when smoke is in an explosion limit range, nitrogen is instantly sprayed into a flue for dilution, and accordingly, the explosion in the electrostatic precipitator is reduced or prevented.
Owner:CHINA NAT HEAVY MACHINERY RES INSTCO
Gradually-expanding premixing porous medium combustor for combusting biomass gasification gas
ActiveCN102418927AReduce the degree of skew instabilityImprove stabilityGaseous fuel burnerPorous mediumLow load
The invention relates to a gradually-expanding premixing porous medium combustor for combusting biomass gasification gas. The combustor is provided with gradually-expanding pipes, wherein a porous medium with catalytic action is filled in each gradually-expanding pipe; a heater is coated outside each gradually-expanding pipe; each gradually-expanding pipe is wholly embedded into a thermal insulating layer; a capacity expansion chamber is formed at an inlet of each gradually-expanding pipe; a tempering prevention piece and a flow equalization plate are arranged in each capacity expansion chamber; and an inlet of each capacity expansion chamber is connected with a premixing tube. Flame deflection and other unstable combustion phenomena can be avoided, flames can be effectively prevented from being blown out of the combustor, the power of the combustor is improved, the working range of the combustor is expanded, and the load and working condition changes of the combustor are met. Moreover, the combustor has a function of adjusting gas flow, and parallel gradually-expanding pipes are prevented from being shut down due to over-low load or prevented from being subjected to over-high load; and the biomass gasification gas can be subjected to super adiabatic combustion in the combustor, the lean flammability limit of fuel is greatly expanded, and the fuel with ultralow heat value can be stably combusted. Meanwhile, the flame area is widened, the combustor contributes to accelerating cracking combustion of tar, and the combustion efficiency is improved.
Owner:SHENYANG INST OF ENG +1
Flame-suppression and explosion-suppression cryogenic liquefaction device for low-concentration coal bed gas
The invention discloses a flame-suppression and explosion-suppression cryogenic liquefaction device for low-concentration coal bed gas, which comprises a coal bed gas storage system, a coal bed gas compression system, a coal bed gas purification system, a coal bed gas liquefaction and separation system, an LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) storage system and a refrigerating circulatory system, wherein driving explosion-suppression devices are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the coal bed gas storage system; a filler used for fractionating methane in the coal bed gas and having the explosion-suppression performance is filled in a rectifying tower; the rectifying tower is internally provided with a fire-retardance and explosion-suppression material; the fire-retardance and explosion-suppression material is a fire-retardance silk screen which is laid in the filler at intervals; and the driving explosion-suppression devices can effectively prevent flame from spreading to a gas holder, and can guarantee the safety of the gas holder and an underground coal mine drainage system. The fire-retardance and explosion-suppression material is arranged in the rectifying tower, so that explosion can be prevented even if the methane enters an explosion limit range in a liquefaction extraction process of the methane, and the high-recovery and high-purity methane can be obtained from the low-concentration oxygenic coal bed gas under the condition that deoxygenation is not performed in advance.
Owner:CHINA COAL TECH ENG GRP CHONGQING RES INST
Dust explosion limit test device and test method thereof
The embodiment provides a dust explosion limit test device and a test method thereof. The test device comprises a spherical explosion tank, a heating device, a cooling device and a temperature control device, wherein the outer wall of the explosion tank adopts a double-layer structure with a cavity; the cavity is filled with heat transfer oil; the outer wall of the explosion tank is covered with a thermal insulation layer; a temperature sensor is arranged inside the cavity and used for measuring the temperature of the heat transfer oil; the temperature control device controls the heating device or the cooling device to heat or cool the heat transfer oil according to the temperature measured by the temperature sensor. The test device can not only achieve the dust explosion limit test in a standard condition, but also realize the dust explosion limit test in an abnormal temperature condition, thereby ensuring the carrying out of the research work of the dust explosion limit test under a non-standard condition, so as to guide the chemical powder practical production, and to provide a technical support for safety production.
Owner:BC P INC CHINA NAT PETROLEUM CORP +1
Environment-protection energy-saving gas for welding and cutting
InactiveCN101139535ARaise the combustion temperatureBurn fasterGaseous fuelsForeign matterEngineering
The invention relates to a fuel gas for welding cut that is environmental friendly and energy saving, in particular to a fuel gas that can substitute acetylene gas. The fuel gas comprises a propane gas, which is characterized in that synergist is added in certain proportion in the propane gas; the content of the propane gas is 97-99%; the content of the synergist is 5 per mill-1%, the content of the liquefiable foreign matter of gas is less than 2.5% by weight; the synergist is a mixed solution comprising combustion catalyst, smoke-removing agent, polymer degrading agent, solvent, solution assistant, and combustion assistant, etc.; the fuel gas is used as combustion gas in place of acetylene gas to weld and cut metals. The flame of the fuel gas is of high temperature, is free from reverse (return) combustion; the fuel gas is of very low explosion limit and low toxicity, free from harm to human bodies, of low comprehensive cost, high efficiency, is safe, environmental friendly and energy saving.
Owner:周尧
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