The invention discloses a method for efficiently separating and preparing highly purified antiviral active components (single caffeoylquinic acid compound and dicaffeoylquinic acid compound) in artichoke, mainly comprising the following steps: utilizing alcohol aqueous solution to extract fresh or dry artichoke, concentrating, carrying out column chromatographic separation, preparing crude extract rich in the antiviral active components, carrying out separation and purification on the crude extract by combing high speed counter-current chromatography with high preparative performance liquid chromatography, and finally adopting a recrystallization method for refining to obtain highly purified 1-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 1,3-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 1,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,4-di-O-caffeoyl quinine acid and 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid. The method is suitable for preparing highly purified monomer by utilizing various natural products or the extractives of the natural products containing one or more components containing the above caffeoylquinic acid compounds as raw materials, wherein the natural products or the extractives are obtained from various ways; and the method has simple steps, simple operation, high efficiency, low cost and large separating preparation quantity, is easy to repeat; and the purification of the caffeoylquinic acid compounds prepared by the method can be up to 98%.