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75 results about "Avalanche effect" patented technology
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In cryptography, the avalanche effect is the desirable property of cryptographic algorithms, typically block ciphers and cryptographic hash functions, wherein if an input is changed slightly (for example, flipping a single bit), the output changes significantly (e.g., half the output bits flip). In the case of high-quality block ciphers, such a small change in either the key or the plaintext should cause a drastic change in the ciphertext. The actual term was first used by Horst Feistel, although the concept dates back to at least Shannon's diffusion.
Micro service node protection method and system under micro service architecture
ActiveCN108712309APrevent unavailability from causing a backlog of requestsAvoid blockingData switching networksMonitoring statusAvalanche effect
The embodiments of the invention disclose a micro service node protection method and system under a micro service architecture. The method may comprise: monitoring status information of each micro service node under the micro service architecture in real time; judging whether the status information of the micro service nodes satisfies a preset fuse trigger condition; when any kind of the status information corresponding to any first micro service node satisfies the fuse trigger condition, replacing the first micro service node with a preset fuse to perform a request response, and requesting amicro service registration center for removing the registration of the first micro service node to suspend the service of the first micro service node. The method and the system solve the problem of request backlog caused by the unavailability of one micro service node, thereby avoiding associated micro service node blockage caused by the avalanche effect, and improving the reliability of a system.
Owner:ZHENGZHOU YUNHAI INFORMATION TECH CO LTD
Interface processing method and device, storage medium and processor
InactiveCN107659431ASolve the problem prone to avalanche effectAvoid avalanche effectData switching networksAvalanche effectComputer science
The invention discloses an interface processing method, an interface processing device, a storage medium and a processor. The method comprises the steps of collecting monitored data acquired by monitoring a target interface; processing the monitored data to acquire a target parameter, wherein the target parameter is used for detecting whether the target interface generates a target event, whereinthe target event is used for controlling a service corresponding to the target interface to be in a first state; executing target operation when the condition that the target interface generates the target event is detected via the target parameter; controlling the service corresponding to the target interface to be in a second state after the target operation is performed on the target interface.According to the method and the device provided by the invention, the effect of effectively avoiding an avalanche effect generated based on interface monitoring is achieved.
Owner:BEIJING QUNAR SOFTWARE TECH
Alternator with rectifier bridge in particular for motor vehicle
The alternator comprises a wound rotor and a stator with a number of phases connected to a rectifier bridge equipped with switches (7) in the form of MOS type transistors, such as MOSFET type transistors, characterised in that the transistors (7) are voltage-rated to work by avalanche effect or linearly in the case of a load dump.
Owner:VALEO EQUIP ELECTRIC MOTEUR
Semiconductor Photodiode and Method of Making
InactiveUS20080150069A1Avoid prematureImprove efficiencySolid-state devicesSemiconductor/solid-state device manufacturingTrappingReverse bias
A semiconductor photodiode (18) is formed as a pn-junction between a region (2) of a first conductivity type and a region (6) of a second conductivity type. The region (6) of the second conductivity type is approximately hemispherical. A mini guard ring (8), i.e. a ring of the second conductivity type having a junction depth that is much smaller than the junction depth of the region (6) preferably surrounds the region (6) in order to prevent surface trapping. The photodiode (18) is operated with a high reverse bias so that light falling on the photodiode (18) produces the avalanche effect.
Owner:ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FEDERALE DE LAUSANNE (EPFL)
Novel image encryption method based on correlation between chaos and plaintext
InactiveCN105513002ABreak strong correlationImplement encryptionImage watermarkingPlaintextDiffusion
The invention provides a novel image encryption method based on correlation between chaos and plaintext. The method comprises the steps: carrying out row and column updating of a plaintext image A, and obtaining a processed image E; employing the modular operation of a gray level 256, changing the pixel sum of the image through the modular operation between rows and the modular operation between columns, and breaking the strong correlation between the adjacent rows and the adjacent columns of an original plaintext image; enabling the pixel sum s of the image E to serve as the feature of the image, extracting the feature of the image, participating the generation of a key stream, carrying out the second layer encryption through scrambling encryption, and obtaining an image Q; and solving a problem that a conventional algorithm employs the same key stream while encrypting different images. Through the gray value diffusion of the image, the method builds the mutual influence between two adjacent pixels, and a secret key directly participates in the output of a ciphertext image. In order to achieve an avalanche effect, the mutual influence between two adjacent pixels is built through the key stream. Meanwhile, a second group of secret keys are designed to participate in the output of the ciphertext image, thereby achieving the third layer encryption.
Owner:GUANGDONG OCEAN UNIVERSITY
Device for plasma incision of matter with a specifically tuned radiofrequency electromagnetic field generator
InactiveUS20050173383A1Reduction of atomic particle chaosEfficient incisionElectric discharge tubesElectric arc lampsPlasma particleImpedance matching
Owner:RJF HLDG II
Encryption scheme for disk-based deduplication system (ESDS)
InactiveCN102402488AAvoid the effects of redundancyImprove data redundancyInput/output to record carriersUnauthorized memory use protectionPlaintextIdentity recognition
The invention provides an encryption scheme for a disk-based deduplication system (ESDS for short). In the scheme, an encrypted basic unit is reduced from the whole file to file chunks, and chunk symmetric keys are generated by a consensus method, so that the same plaintext chunks correspond to a unique encryption result, the influence of an avalanche effect on a deduplication technology is eliminated, and data confidentiality and a data deduplication rate are ensured simultaneously. The safety of the system is not completely dependent on the chunk symmetric keys, so the safety of the whole system cannot be significantly influenced by leakage of a part of chunk symmetric keys as long as a user private key and an identity recognition password are not leaked simultaneously. The ESDS can ensure confidentiality in the data storage and transmission processes and is suitable for mass data storage application with a certain requirement on the data confidentiality.
Owner:UNIV OF ELECTRONICS SCI & TECH OF CHINA
Avalanche photodetector and method for increasing high frequency characteristics of avalanche photodetector
InactiveCN103077996AImprove high frequency characteristicsIncrease freedomSemiconductor devicesCapacitancePhotodetector
The invention discloses an avalanche photodetector and a method for increasing high frequency characteristics of the avalanche photodetector. The avalanche photodetector is used for detecting target detecting light and comprises an absorbing layer (8), a first charge layer (61), a multiplication layer (5), a second charge layer (62) and a transition layer which are arrayed in turn along the longitudinal direction, wherein the absorbing layer (8) is used for absorbing the target detecting light and converting photons of the target detecting light into photo-produced free carrier pairs; the first charge layer (61) is used for regulating and controlling the electric field distribution in a device; the multiplication layer (5) is used for causing the free carriers entering into the multiplication layer to trigger an avalanche effect and generate avalanche carrier pairs; and one type of carrier in the avalanche carrier pairs longitudinally drifts to one end of the avalanche photodetector through the transition layer (9). The avalanche photodetector can better regulate the capacitance of the avalanche photodetector and the transition time of the carriers and is beneficial to the increasing of the high frequency characteristics of the avalanche photodetector.
Owner:INST OF SEMICONDUCTORS - CHINESE ACAD OF SCI
QWIP with enhanced optical coupling
InactiveUS7238960B2Promote absorptionOptimize geometrySolid-state devicesSemiconductor/solid-state device manufacturingMaterial DesignGrating
A QWIP structure is disclosed that is configured with enhanced optical coupling to improve absorption capability and efficiency. A waffle-type light-coupling grating having a pattern of etched wells operates to improve absorption by preventing photons from bouncing out of the detector sensing areas. A post-type light coupling grating can also be used. Parameters of the grating, including its orientation, pitch, and etch depth, can be adjusted to optimize specific color detection. The grating can include a hybrid metal layer including both ohmic and reflective qualities to further improve quantum and conversion efficiency. A “photon-in-a-box” configuration is also disclosed, where sides of the QWIP sensing areas are coated with reflective metal to further inhibit the escaping of photons. The material design and number of quantum wells per QWIP can be selected so as to exploit the avalanche effect, thereby increasing device responsivity.
Owner:INTELLECTUAL VENTURES ASSETS 186 LLC
Method for defending micro-service avalanche effect
InactiveCN108600005AImprove call success rateFix crashes etc.Data switching networksAvalanche effectCircuit breaker
The invention relates to the technical field of the cloud platform micro-service, especially a method for defending micro-service avalanche effect. The method comprises the following steps: 1, settinga load balancing weight scheduling rule, and supporting the promotion and the demotion of the micro-service priority; 2, setting a circuit breaker; 3, starting the circuit breaker when the micro-service is abnormal; 4, starting the load balancing weight scheduling rule when the micro-service is failed; 5, turning off the circuit breaker when the micro-service is recovered; and 6, starting a loadbalancing default scheduling rule when the micro-service is recovered. Through the method disclosed by the invention, the problems of the system bottleneck and even the collapse of the whole platformcaused by the micro-service avalanche effect are solved, and the method can be applied to the micro-service management of a cloud platform.
Owner:G CLOUD TECH
PLC hardware realization method for Petri net model of workshop manufacturing system
InactiveCN107092736AAvoid avalanche effectWide range of industrial applicationsDesign optimisation/simulationSpecial data processing applicationsAvalanche effectPetri net
The invention discloses a method for converting a Petri net model to a PLC ladder diagram in a workshop manufacturing system. The method comprises the steps of firstly, performing modeling on the workshop manufacturing system by using a Petri net, and converting the Petri net model into a ladder diagram corresponding to a common PLC in an industrial control system; dividing the PLC ladder diagram of the Petri net model of the system into three modules including an initialization module, a detection module and an evolution module. The initialization module is used for transmitting an initial state M0 of the Petri net to the ladder diagram, namely, transmitting initial token information of the Petri net model to a corresponding coil or adder. The detection module is used for detecting enable information of each transition, judging priorities of conflict transitions, solving conflict problems and avoiding avalanche effects structurally. The evolution module is used for receiving the information transmitted by the detection module, transmitting enabled transitions and updating a token number of each library. According to the method, the workshop manufacturing system is taken as an object, and the conflict problems and the avalanche effects in the process of converting the Petri net of the system to the PLC ladder diagram are solved and eliminated.
Owner:NANJING UNIV OF SCI & TECH
Avalanche photodetector and method for improving high frequency characteristic thereof
ActiveCN103268898AImprove high frequency characteristicsIncrease freedomFinal product manufactureSemiconductor devicesCapacitancePhotodetector
The invention discloses an avalanche photodetector used for detecting target detection light. The avalanche photodetector comprises an absorbing layer (3), a first electric charge layer (41), a multiplication layer (5), a second electric charge layer (42) and a transition layer (6), wherein the first electric charge layer (41) is N-type doping, and the second electric charge layer (42) is P-type doping. The absorbing layer (3) is used for absorbing the target detection light and converting photons into photoproduction free carrier pairs; the first electric charge layer (41) is used for regulating and controlling the internal electrical field distribution of a device; the multiplication layer (5) is used for enabling the free carriers entering the multiplication layer to initiate avalanche effect, avalanche carrier pairs are accordingly produced, holes in the avalanche carrier pairs longitudinally drift to one end of the avalanche photodetector via the transition layer (6). The avalanche photodetector and method for improving the high frequency characteristic thereof can better regulate the transition time of the carriers and capacitors of the avalanche photodetector and facilitate the improvement of the high frequency characteristic.
Owner:INST OF SEMICONDUCTORS - CHINESE ACAD OF SCI
Facsimile (fax) relay handling in error correction mode (ECM)
InactiveUS7151614B1Avoid avalanche effectNetwork degradationPictoral communicationDigital output to print unitsTraffic capacityCommunications system
An embodiment of the present invention includes a fax communication system for communicating fax information between a first fax machine having error correction capability and a second fax machine. The first and second fax machines are coupled to communicate with one another across a packet switching network. A network device is coupled to received fax information from the first fax machine and accumulates a portion of the fax information and stalls the second fax machine while accumulating the fax information portion until the latter is transmitted to the second fax machine free of errors across the packet switching network. Accordingly, information traffic across the packet switching network is decreased thereby avoiding a network avalanche effect.
Owner:CISCO TECH INC
Multimedia encryption and decryption method based on combination cell automatic machine
InactiveCN107204844AGood border effectRemarkable resultsKey distribution for secure communicationImage codingComputer hardwarePlaintext
The present invention provides a multimedia encryption and decryption method based on a combination cell automatic machine, belonging to the multimedia encryption field. The encryption method comprises the following steps: a pseudo-random number generator generates two random sequences; a data preprocessing step is performed; a reversible cell automatic machine step is performed; and a cell automatic machine evolution step and a determination step are performed: it is determined whether the encrypted cryptograph accords with an avalanche effect or not, if the encrypted cryptograph does not accord with the avalanche effect, the cell automatic machine is employed for going on evolution, and if the encrypted cryptograph accords with the avalanche effect, the evolution is stopped to obtain the cryptograph of a plaintext. The present invention further provides a decryption method corresponding to the multimedia encryption method. The cell automatic machine is employed to perform multimedia encryption, the multimedia encryption and decryption method based on the combination cell automatic machine are simple and easy to programme, can perform association of the plaintext data and the encryption key, are higher in safety, and can effectively improve the safety of the encryption algorithm and the encryption efficiency.
Owner:SUN YAT SEN UNIV
Video communication method and device based on chaotic encryption
ActiveCN105871537AImprove securityIncreased complexitySecuring communication by chaotic signalsComputer hardwareRound complexity
The embodiment of the invention provides a video encryption method based on chaotic encryption. According to the method, different chaotic passwords are used for respectively performing selective chaotic encryption on the horizontal direction component and the vertical direction component of the moving vector difference value of a video signal and the direct current component of a DCT conversion matrix; the attacking complexity is improved; meanwhile, the video signal security is also improved. In addition, a six-dimensional disperse time chaotic system based on a non-linear nominal matrix is used; one six-dimensional chaotic system totally has more than 100 mutually independent secret key parameters; each secret key has the snow slide effect, so that the attract complexity required for cracking each secret key parameter is very high; the security of the video encryption is further improved.
Owner:GUANGDONG UNIV OF TECH
NADO Cryptography Using One-Way Functions
ActiveUS20180233069A1Strengthen NADO cryptographyEfficient implementationKey distribution for secure communicationData stream serial/continuous modificationComputer hardwareAvalanche effect
NADO Cryptography Using One-way Functions is a symmetric cryptography for encrypting and decrypting information. The NADO process introduces some novel concepts and methods to cryptography: (1) The notion of a key generator is presented that eliminates the dependence of the cryptographic security on a single, static cryptography key. (2) A key generator updating method built with one-way functions exhibiting the avalanche effect that generates an unpredictable sequence of keys as the encryption or decryption algorithm executes; (3) An sequence of unpredictable permutations that diffuse the informations across the whole block. (4) An sequence of unpredictable permutations that act as substitution boxes. (4) The use of key generator updating and one-way functions that exploit the avalanche effect to update the permutations in (3) and (4). NADO using one-way functions can be implemented efficiently in hardware or in software.
Owner:FISKE SOFTWARE
photodetector
InactiveUS20120248295A1Material analysis by optical meansAmplifiers controlled by lightPhotovoltaic detectorsPhotodetector
A photodetector disclosed herein comprises an avalanche transistor having a reference junction structure in which temperature characteristics of a current amplification factor are about the same as those of an avalanche photodiode and which is reverse-biased, and a current injection junction structure which injects a reference current to the reference junction structure and which is forward-biased. Voltages to be applied to the avalanche photodiode and the reference junction structure are controlled so that the amplification factor of the reference current amplified in the reference junction structure is retained at a predetermined value, whereby the temperature characteristics of the photodetector utilizing an avalanche effect can be stabilized.
Owner:TOYOTA JIDOSHA KK
Device for plasma incision of matter with a specifically tuned radiofrequency electromagnetic field generator
InactiveUS6867387B2Reduce turbulenceElectric discharge tubesElectric arc lampsPlasma particleImpedance matching
A device to place an incision into matter with a harmonious plasma cloud. A radiofrequency generator system produces pulsed or continuous electromagnetic waveform which is transmitted by an active transmitter incising electrode tip. This generated electromagnetic wave is utilized to initiate a plasma cloud with processes such as thermal ionization and a photoelectric effect which then trigger an Avalanche Effect for charged atomic particles at the surface of the active transmitter incising electrode tip. This electromagnetic wave is impedance matched, frequency matched, power matched and tuned to the plasma cloud in order to sustain and control a harmonious plasma cloud with reduced atomic particle turbulence and chaos. This harmonious plasma cloud forms a coating over the surface of the active transmitter electrode tip as well as acts to reduce the energy needed from the power amplifier of our plasma cutting device. The electromagnetic wave is also used to produce a Pinch Effect to compress, contour, shape and control the harmonious plasma cloud. The electromagnetic wave is furthermore used to trap and contain the plasma cloud without the need of a solid matter containment vessel according to the Magnetic Bottle Effect of physics and a generated centripetal electric field force that acts to pull plasma particles inward toward the activated incising electrode tip. The Tunnelling Effect of physical chemistry is utilized to focus and amplify the energy delivered to the harmonious plasma cloud while shielding matter surrounding the intended path of incision from potential electromagnetic radiation exposure. The invention is an efficient, effective, safe, clean and inexpensive device which can be used to place an incision in matter.
Owner:RJF HLDG II
Integrated circuit comprising a voltage generator and a circuit limiting the voltage supplied by the voltage generator
ActiveUS6933764B2Reduce intensityPrevent electric chargePulse automatic controlPulse shapingVoltage generatorEngineering
An integrated circuit having a voltage generator supplying a determined voltage, a voltage-limiting circuit arranged at the output of the voltage generator, the voltage-limiting circuit having at least one PN junction formed by a diode-arranged MOS transistor, the PN junction having a breakdown voltage defining a threshold for triggering the voltage-limiting circuit as from which the PN junction is on by avalanche effect, at least one load in series with the PN junction for limiting an avalanche current passing through the PN junction when the PN junction is on, and at least one switch in parallel with the PN junction and the load, the switch arranged in the open state when the PN junction is off and to be in the closed state when the PN junction is on.
Owner:STMICROELECTRONICS SRL
ESD protection structure
InactiveUS7638847B1Reduce input capacitanceLower breakdown voltageTransistorThyristorParasitic bipolar transistorZener effect
An ESD protection structure includes, in part, a NMOS transistor having a source and drain in a well in a substrate and a gate on the substrate with the source and drain being connected between ground and a series diode, and the gate being connected to ground. The structure further includes a diode having a cathode connected to the input pad and an anode connected to the well so that the diode is reverse-biased in the event of a positive voltage ESD event on the input pad. As a result, in a positive voltage ESD event, the avalanche effect rapidly injects current into the substrate and therefore into the base of the parasitic bipolar transistor so as to trigger the transistor into conduction and discharge the ESD pulse. Alternatively, the diode is a Zener diode and the current is generated by the Zener effect. A complementary structure provides protection against a negative ESD pulse.
Owner:ALTERA CORP
Service processing method and device, terminal device and storage medium
PendingCN110347488AAvoid avalanche effectImprove stabilityProgram initiation/switchingResource allocationTerminal equipmentAvalanche effect
The embodiment of the invention discloses a service processing method and device, a terminal device and a storage medium. The method comprises the steps of monitoring a working state of a target service; if the working state of the target service meets the triggering condition, triggering a fusing mechanism to close the target service, and forbidding the target service from being accessed; when anaccess request of the target service is received, calling services except the target service; wherein the target service and the services except the target service comprise services on which system functions are depended. Through the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the avalanche effect caused by abnormal target service is avoided, and the stability of the system is improved.
Owner:BEIJING BYTEDANCE NETWORK TECH CO LTD
Implementation method for preventing avalanche effect of IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) registration
InactiveCN102624730AHighlight substantive featuresSignificant progressTransmissionAvalanche effectComputer science
The invention provides an implementation method for preventing an avalanche effect of IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) registration. The implementation method comprises the following steps of: adding IMS account numbers into a circular registration queue; then registering a first IMS account number at the head of the registration queue in sequence and setting maximum waiting duration; if a response of a registration server is received in the maximum waiting duration, removing the IMS account number from the head of the circular registration queue, and immediately registering the next IMS account number in the circular registration queue; and if no response is received in the maximum waiting duration, stopping registering the IMS account number, and inserting the IMS account number into the tail of the circular registration queue and waiting the next registration choice; and doing the steps repeatedly till the circular registration queue is empty. Therefore, according to the implementation method disclosed by the invention, the avalanche effect of the IMS registration is prevented, all IMS account numbers can be registered as fast as possible, and the total registration time is shortened.
Owner:网经科技(苏州)有限公司
Pixel circuit for three-dimensional imaging chip
InactiveCN105181132AHigh detection sensitivityHigh sensitivityPhotometry electrical circuitsExposure periodTime-sharing
The invention, which belongs to the photoelectric detection field, discloses a pixel circuit for a three-dimensional imaging chip. The pixel circuit comprises a single-photon avalanche diode, a passive quenching active recharging circuit, a multi-path selection switch, and two counters. To be specific, the single-photon avalanche diode is used for detecting photon information. The passive quenching active recharging circuit connected with the single-photon avalanche diode is used for detecting an avalanche effect caused by arriving a photon and recharging the single-photon avalanche diode after avalanche effect detection, so that the voltages at the two ends recover to a Geiger working mode and thus a photon arriving at next time can be detected conveniently. The multi-path selection switch is used for transmitting avalanche pulses converted by the passive quenching active recharging circuit respectively in a time-sharing mode to a follow-up processing circuit. The two counters are used for recording the number of conversion from photons to avalanche pulses, wherein the number is recorded within one exposure period; and an output terminal of each counter is connected with a three-state-gate switch. According to the invention, the pixel circuit has advantages of high sensitivity and fast detection speed.
Owner:XIANGTAN UNIV
Load balancing method, system and device and storage medium
PendingCN112948120ALoad balancingReduce avalanche statusResource allocationTransmissionHash functionThe Internet
The invention discloses a load balancing method, system and device and a storage medium, and relates to the Internet technology, and the method comprises the following steps: calling a hash function according to a user identifier and a user address to calculate a hash value corresponding to an access request; searching a virtual node with the closest hash value in a pre-established hash ring in a clockwise or anticlockwise direction according to the hash value to obtain a target virtual node, wherein the hash ring comprises a plurality of virtual nodes, each virtual node corresponds to one server node, the number of the server nodes is multiple, each server node corresponds to a plurality of virtual nodes, and the plurality of virtual nodes are randomly distributed on the hash ring; and returning the access address of the server node corresponding to the target virtual node to the client. According to the scheme, load balancing can be realized, and the possibility of an avalanche effect is reduced.
Owner:广东好太太智能家居有限公司
Data management method and device, storage medium and system
InactiveCN110457371AImprove development efficiencyAvoid avalanche effectDatabase distribution/replicationMulti-dimensional databasesData warehouseData management
The invention discloses a data management method, which is executed by a metadata system, and comprises the following steps: responding to an offline data task output result table of a data warehouse,executing a data quality check task on the result table to obtain a check result; judging whether the verification result is verification failure or not; in response to the fact that the verificationresult is verification failure, determining a task node with verification failure, and judging whether the task node with verification failure is configured with a first alarm mode or not; wherein the first alarm mode is used for indicating whether the task node is a key task node; and in response to the fact that the task node which fails in verification is configured with a first alarm mode, sending an interrupt signal to the data warehouse so as to enable the data warehouse to interrupt execution of the offline data task. According to the data management method provided by the invention, the data management efficiency can be improved, the avalanche effect of downstream tasks is prevented, and the problem of large-area data is avoided. Meanwhile, the invention further provides a data management device, a storage medium and a system.
Owner:杭州有赞科技有限公司
Deployment method and device for logical nodes with successor backup relationship
InactiveCN102281134APrevent backup failureAvoid avalanche effectError preventionData switching networksAvalanche effectFailure causes
The embodiment of the present invention discloses a method and equipment for deploying a logical node with a successor backup relationship. The method includes: step 1, obtaining the logical node to be allocated and the physical node carrying the logical node; step 2, for any bearer The physical nodes of the plurality of logical nodes are configured to carry the subsequent backup relationship of the plurality of logical nodes to point to other different physical nodes respectively. The invention solves backup failure and avalanche effect caused by physical node failure.
Owner:CHINA MOBILE COMM GRP CO LTD
A complete avalanche 4*4 S box implementation method
ActiveCN109921899AImprove securityGood avalanche effectEncryption apparatus with shift registers/memoriesS-boxExclusive or
The invention discloses a complete avalanche 4 * 4 S box implementation method, wherein x0, x1, x2 and x3 are inputs of the S box, s0, s1, s2 and s3 are outputs of the S box, and the first part is a nonlinear layer and comprises eight function operations of Fa0, Fa1, Fa2, Fa3, Fb0, Fb1, Fb2 and Fb3 and four xor operations; and the second part is a diffusion layer and comprises two function operations of F0 and F1 and four exclusive-OR operations. The output values y0, y1, y2 and y3 of the nonlinear layer are optimal, complete avalanche values s0, s1, s2 and s3 are output through conversion ofthe diffusion layer, the Boolean function algebraic number of the S box is 3, and the Boolean function algebraic numbers are 9, 9, 13 and 10 respectively. The S box constructed by the invention has acomplete avalanche effect, and other performance indexes are good, so that the S box can be applied to a lightweight block cipher algorithm, and the security of the S box is enhanced.
Owner:HENGYANG NORMAL UNIV
Printed circuit card
InactiveUS20060006878A1Reliable and rapid protection against smoldering electrical fireReliable and rapid protectionPrinted circuit aspectsHigh voltage circuit adaptationsElectricityDevice Monitor
A printed circuit card made of plastic has a carbonization sensor for protection against smoldering electrical fires. The carbonization sensor contains a first and a second conductor track disposed on the printed circuit card and also a monitoring device. The two conductor tracks are electrically insulated from one another by the plastic, and the monitoring device monitors an insulating state of the two conductor tracks in relation to one another and produces a fault signal. Local overheating of the printed circuit card is detected at an early time by the carbonization sensor, before an avalanche effect caused by the carbonization, which makes the printed circuit card electrically conductive, leads to a smoldering electrical fire.
Owner:DIEHL AVIONIK SYST
Large-amplitude high repetition frequency nanosecond balance pulse signal generator
PendingCN107241085AImprove reliabilityLarge pulse signal amplitudeWave based measurement systemsPulse generation by energy-accumulating elementRadar systemsNanosecond
The invention provides a large-amplitude high repetition frequency nanosecond balance pulse signal generator. The large-amplitude high repetition frequency nanosecond balance pulse signal generator includes a unipolarity pulse signal generation circuit and a balance pulse generation circuit, wherein the unipolarity pulse signal generation circuit includes a triode pulse generation circuit which is formed by triodes; each triode includes two cascades, has a cascaded connection design, and has avalanche effect; the unipolarity pulse signal generation circuit is used for generating a large-amplitude high repetition frequency nanosecond negative pulse signal, started by the input bipolarity start pulse signal; the front end of the balance pulse generation circuit is electrically connected with the unipolarity pulse signal generation circuit; and the balance pulse generation circuit is used for converting the large-amplitude high repetition frequency nanosecond negative pulse signal into a balance pulse signal, and generating a large-amplitude nanosecond balance pulse signal. The large-amplitude high repetition frequency nanosecond balance pulse signal generator has the advantages of being novel in design, being simple in the circuit structure, being high in the waveform symmetry of the generated nanosecond balance pulse signal, being low in the ringing level, being high in amplitude, and being high in repetition frequency, and being able to be applied to a pulse ultra wide band radar system to guarantee greater detection distance and good detection performance.
Owner:TECH & ENG CENT FOR SPACE UTILIZATION CHINESE ACAD OF SCI
Solid-state image sensor, driving method, and electronic apparatus
ActiveUS20180213174A1Small pixel sizeHigh sensitivityTelevision system detailsSolid-state devicesCMOSPhotoelectric conversion
The present disclosure relates to a solid-state image sensor, driving method, and electronic apparatus, capable of achieving reduction in pixel size and sensitivity improvement. The solid-state image sensor includes a PD configured to convert light into electric charge by photoelectric conversion and to store the electric charge, a first transfer transistor configured to read out the electric charge stored in the photoelectric conversion unit, a multiplication region configured to store temporarily and multiply the electric charge read out through the read-out unit, and a second transfer transistor configured to transfer the electric charge stored in the multiplication region to a conversion unit configured to convert the electric charge into a pixel signal. Then, an intense electric field is generated in the multiplication region to multiply electric charge by the avalanche effect in transferring the electric charge from the multiplication region to an FD portion through the second transfer transistor. The present technology is applicable to, in one example, the stacked CMOS image sensors.
Owner:SONY CORP
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