The invention discloses a 17 beta-estradiol colorimetric detecting method based on nanogold collected by a surfactant. The method comprises the following steps: adding a 17 beta-estradiol sample to be detected into an aptamer solution, uniformly mixing and incubating to obtain a mixed solution A; adding the surfactant and a buffer solution into the mixed solution A, uniformly mixing and incubating to obtain a mixed solution B; adding a nanogold solution into the mixed solution B and mixing to obtain a solution C; determining that the light absorption value ratio A650 / 520 of a blank control solution and the solution C at the positions of 650 nm and 520 nm are respectively A0 and A, and obtaining delta A according to the formula that delta A=A-A0; determining the content of 17beta-estradiol corresponding to delta A according to a standard curve of the content of 17beta-estradiol. The provided detecting method is quick, cheap, high in sensitivity and good in selectivity, the minimum detection limit is 1.96 nmol / L, and the defects of consuming time, relying on large-scale instruments and equipment, being high in cost, and the like, in the conventional detecting method are overcome.